Chromosome 12
Chromosome 12 | |
---|---|
Features | |
Length (bp) | 133,324,548 bp (CHM13) |
No.of genes | 988 (CCDS)[1] |
Type | Autosome |
Centromere position | Submetacentric[2] (35.5 Mbp[3]) |
Complete gene lists | |
CCDS | Gene list |
HGNC | Gene list |
UniProt | Gene list |
NCBI | Gene list |
External map viewers | |
Ensembl | Chromosome 12 |
Entrez | Chromosome 12 |
NCBI | Chromosome 12 |
UCSC | Chromosome 12 |
Full DNA sequences | |
RefSeq | NC_000012(FASTA) |
GenBank | CM000674(FASTA) |
Chromosome 12is one of the 23 pairs ofchromosomesinhumans.People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 12 spans about 133 millionbase pairs(the building material ofDNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA incells.
Chromosome 12 contains theHomeoboxC gene cluster.
Genes[edit]
Number of genes[edit]
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 12. Because researchers use different approaches togenome annotationtheir predictions of thenumber of geneson each chromosome varies (for technical details, seegene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[4]
Estimated by | Protein-coding genes | Non-coding RNA genes | Pseudogenes | Source | Release date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCDS | 988 | — | — | [1] | 2016-09-08 |
HGNC | 995 | 318 | 545 | [5] | 2017-05-12 |
Ensembl | 1,033 | 1,202 | 617 | [6] | 2017-03-29 |
UniProt | 1,032 | — | — | [7] | 2018-02-28 |
NCBI | 1,036 | 853 | 693 | [8][9][10] | 2017-05-19 |
Gene list[edit]
The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 12. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.
- ACAD10:encodingproteinAcyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 10
- ACSS3:encodingproteinAcyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3
- ACVRL1:activin A receptor type II-like 1f
- ANKRD33:encodingproteinAnkyrin repeat domain 33
- APOF:encodingproteinApolipoprotein F
- APOLD1:apolipoprotein L domain containing 1
- ARL6IP4:encodingproteinADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 4
- ARPC3:encodingproteinActin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3
- Asun:encodingproteinProtein asunder homolog (Asun)
- ATP2B1-AS1:encoding protein Atp2b1 antisense rna 1
- ATG101:Autophagy-related protein 101
- BCAT1:encodingproteinBranched chain amino acid transaminase 1
- C12orf24:encoding protein FAM216A
- C12orf42:encodingproteinuncharacterised chromosome 12 open reading frame 42
- C12orf43:encoding protein. Uncharacterized.
- C12orf60:encodingproteinUncharacterized protein C12orf60
- CALCOCO1:Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1
- CBX5:chromobox homolog 5
- CCDC53:Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 53
- CKAP4:Cytoskeleton associated protein 4
- CNOT2:encodingproteinCCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2
- CNPY2:encodingproteinCanopy FGF signaling regulator 2
- CCDC42B:encodingproteinCoiled Coil Domain Containing protein 42B
- COL2A1:collagen, type II, Alpha 1 (primary osteoarthritis, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, congenital)
- CRACR2A:encodingproteinCalcium release activated channel regulator 2A
- CSRP2:Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2
- DDX23:DEAD-box helicase 23
- DDX47:DEAD-box helicase 47
- DHH:Desert hedgehog protein
- DPPA3:Developmental pluripotency-associated protein 3
- DPY19L2:encodingproteinDpy-19-like 2 (C. elegans)
- E2F7:E2F transcription factor 7
- EMP1:Epithelial membrane protein 1
- ERGIC2:encodingproteina protein of 377 amino acid residues
- FAM60A: encodingproteinFAM60A
- FAM186B:encodingproteinProtein FAM186B
- GABARAPL1:encoding protein Gaba type a receptor associated protein like 1
- GPD1:encodingproteinGlycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1
- GOLT1B:Golgi transport 1B
- GPN3:encodingenzymeGPN-loop GTPase 3
- HNF1A-AS1:encodingproteinHNF1A antisense RNA 1
- HPD:4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
- IFFO1:encodingproteinIntermediate filament family orphan 1
- KANSL2:encodingproteinKAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 2 (KANSL2)
- KCNA1:potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 at 12p13.32
- KDM2B:encodingproteinLysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B
- KERA:keratocan
- KRAS:V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- LARP4:encodingproteinLa-related protein 4
- LEPREL2:encodingenzymeProlyl 3-hydroxylase 3
- LMBR1L:encodingproteinProtein LMBR1L
- LRRC23:encodingproteinLeucine-rich repeat-containing protein 23
- LRRIQ1:encodingproteinLeucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 1
- LRRK2:leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
- MBOAT5:encodingenzymeLysophospholipid acyltransferase 5
- METTL1:encodingenzymetRNA (guanine-N(7)-)-methyltransferase
- MFAP5:encodingproteinMicrofibrillar-associated protein 5
- MIR196A2:encodingmicroRNAMicroRNA 196a-2
- MMAB:methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB type
- MON2:encodingproteinProtein MON2 homolog
- MUCL1:encodingproteinMucin-like protein 1
- MYO1A:myosin IA
- NANOG:NK-2 type homeodomain gene
- NAP1L1:encodingproteinNucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1
- NRIP2:encodingproteinNuclear receptor-interacting protein 2
- NUDT4:encodingenzymeDiphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase 2
- PAH:phenylalanine hydroxylase
- PIP4K2C:encodingproteinPhosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, gamma
- PIWIL1:encodingproteinPiwi-like protein 1
- PLBD1:encodingproteinPhospholipase B domain containing 1 1
- POP5:encodingenzymeRibonuclease P/MRP protein subunit POP5
- PPHLN1:encodingproteinPeriphilin-1
- PPP1R12A:protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subungfdit 12A
- PRB1:encodingproteinBasic salivary proline-rich protein 1
- PRB3:encodingproteinBasic salivary proline-rich protein 3
- PRB4:encodingproteinBasic salivary proline-rich protein 4
- PRH1:encodingproteinSalivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2
- PRH2:encodingproteinProline-rich protein HaeIII subfamily 2
- PRMT8:encodingproteinProtein arginine methyltransferase 8
- PRR4:encodingproteinProline-rich protein 4
- PTMS:encodingproteinParathymosin
- PTPN11:protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (Noonan syndrome 1)
- PUS1:encodingenzymetRNA pseudouridine synthase A
- PUS7L:encodingenzymePseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog-like protein
- PZP:encodingproteinPregnancy zone protein
- RAB3IP:encodingproteinRAB3A-interacting protein
- RASSF8:encodingproteinRas association domain-containing protein 8
- RASSF9:encodingproteinRas association domain-containing protein 9
- RERG:encodingproteinRAS-like, estrogen-regulated, growth inhibitor
- RNF34:encodingenzymeE3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF34
- SARNP:SAP domain-containing ribonucleoprotein
- Serpina3f:encodingproteinSerine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3F
- SHMT2:encoding protein Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2
- SLC8B1:solute carrier family 8 member B1
- TBC1D15:encodingproteinTBC1 domain family member 15
- TBX3:encodingproteinT-boxtranscription factor3
- TCHP:encodingproteinTrichoplein keratin filament-binding protein
- TESPA1:encodingproteinThymocyte expressed, positive selection associated 1
- THAP2:encodingproteinTHAP domain-containing protein 2
- TMTC1:encodingproteinTransmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 1
- TMEM117:encodingproteinTransmembrane protein 117
- TRAFD1:encodingproteinTRAF-type zinc finger domain-containing protein 1
- TSFM:encodingproteinElongation factor Ts, mitochondrial
- TWF1:twinfilin-1
- UNQ1887:
- USP52:encodingenzymePAB-dependent poly(A)-specific ribonuclease subunit 2
- UTP20:encodingproteinSmall subunit processome component 20 homolog
- VEZT:encodingproteinVezatin
- YAF2:encodingproteinYY1-associated factor 2
- ZCCHC8:encodingproteinZinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 8
- ZFC3H1:encodingproteinZinc finger C3H1-type containing
- ZNF26:encodingproteinZinc finger protein 26
- ZNF84:encodingproteinZinc finger protein 84
- ZNF268:encodingproteinZinc finger protein 268
- ZNF664:encodingproteinZinc finger protein 664
Diseases and disorders[edit]
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 12:
- achondrogenesis type 2
- bipolar disorder
- collagenopathy, types II and XI
- cornea plana 2
- episodic ataxia
- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- hypochondrogenesis
- ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens
- Kniest dysplasia
- Kabuki syndrome
- maturity onset diabetes of the youngtype 3
- methylmalonic acidemia
- narcolepsy
- nonsyndromic deafness
- Noonan syndrome
- Parkinson disease
- Pallister-Killian syndrome(tetrasomy12p)
- phenylketonuria
- schizophrenia
- spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type
- spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
- spondyloperipheral dysplasia
- Stickler syndrome,(COL2A1-related)
- Stuttering[11]
- Triose Phosphate Isomerase deficiency
- tyrosinemia
- Von Willebrand Disease
Cytogenetic band[edit]
Chr. | Arm[16] | Band[17] | ISCN start[18] |
ISCN stop[18] |
Basepair start |
Basepair stop |
Stain[19] | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 | p | 13.33 | 0 | 216 | 1 | 3,200,000 | gneg | |
12 | p | 13.32 | 216 | 345 | 3,200,001 | 5,300,000 | gpos | 25 |
12 | p | 13.31 | 345 | 633 | 5,300,001 | 10,000,000 | gneg | |
12 | p | 13.2 | 633 | 806 | 10,000,001 | 12,600,000 | gpos | 75 |
12 | p | 13.1 | 806 | 921 | 12,600,001 | 14,600,000 | gneg | |
12 | p | 12.3 | 921 | 1195 | 14,600,001 | 19,800,000 | gpos | 100 |
12 | p | 12.2 | 1195 | 1252 | 19,800,001 | 21,100,000 | gneg | |
12 | p | 12.1 | 1252 | 1526 | 21,100,001 | 26,300,000 | gpos | 100 |
12 | p | 11.23 | 1526 | 1655 | 26,300,001 | 27,600,000 | gneg | |
12 | p | 11.22 | 1655 | 1785 | 27,600,001 | 30,500,000 | gpos | 50 |
12 | p | 11.21 | 1785 | 1900 | 30,500,001 | 33,200,000 | gneg | |
12 | p | 11.1 | 1900 | 2015 | 33,200,001 | 35,500,000 | acen | |
12 | q | 11 | 2015 | 2116 | 35,500,001 | 37,800,000 | acen | |
12 | q | 12 | 2116 | 2562 | 37,800,001 | 46,000,000 | gpos | 100 |
12 | q | 13.11 | 2562 | 2706 | 46,000,001 | 48,700,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 13.12 | 2706 | 2850 | 48,700,001 | 51,100,000 | gpos | 25 |
12 | q | 13.13 | 2850 | 3210 | 51,100,001 | 54,500,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 13.2 | 3210 | 3383 | 54,500,001 | 56,200,000 | gpos | 25 |
12 | q | 13.3 | 3383 | 3498 | 56,200,001 | 57,700,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 14.1 | 3498 | 3700 | 57,700,001 | 62,700,000 | gpos | 75 |
12 | q | 14.2 | 3700 | 3786 | 62,700,001 | 64,700,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 14.3 | 3786 | 3959 | 64,700,001 | 67,300,000 | gpos | 50 |
12 | q | 15 | 3959 | 4203 | 67,300,001 | 71,100,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 21.1 | 4203 | 4362 | 71,100,001 | 75,300,000 | gpos | 75 |
12 | q | 21.2 | 4362 | 4549 | 75,300,001 | 79,900,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 21.31 | 4549 | 4837 | 79,900,001 | 86,300,000 | gpos | 100 |
12 | q | 21.32 | 4837 | 4894 | 86,300,001 | 88,600,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 21.33 | 4894 | 5125 | 88,600,001 | 92,200,000 | gpos | 100 |
12 | q | 22 | 5125 | 5355 | 92,200,001 | 95,800,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 23.1 | 5355 | 5571 | 95,800,001 | 101,200,000 | gpos | 75 |
12 | q | 23.2 | 5571 | 5643 | 101,200,001 | 103,500,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 23.3 | 5643 | 5873 | 103,500,001 | 108,600,000 | gpos | 50 |
12 | q | 24.11 | 5873 | 6104 | 108,600,001 | 111,300,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 24.12 | 6104 | 6219 | 111,300,001 | 111,900,000 | gpos | 25 |
12 | q | 24.13 | 6219 | 6334 | 111,900,001 | 113,900,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 24.21 | 6334 | 6478 | 113,900,001 | 116,400,000 | gpos | 50 |
12 | q | 24.22 | 6478 | 6579 | 116,400,001 | 117,700,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 24.23 | 6579 | 6737 | 117,700,001 | 120,300,000 | gpos | 50 |
12 | q | 24.31 | 6737 | 7083 | 120,300,001 | 125,400,000 | gneg | |
12 | q | 24.32 | 7083 | 7255 | 125,400,001 | 128,700,000 | gpos | 50 |
12 | q | 24.33 | 7255 | 7500 | 128,700,001 | 133,275,309 | gneg |
References[edit]
- ^ab"Search results - 12[CHR] AND" Homo sapiens "[Organism] AND (" has ccds "[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene".NCBI.CCDS Release 20 forHomo sapiens.2016-09-08.Retrieved2017-05-28.
- ^Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010).Human Molecular Genetics.Garland Science. p. 45.ISBN978-1-136-84407-2.
- ^abcGenome Decoration Page, NCBI.Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3).Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
- ^Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010)."Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes".Genome Biol.11(5): 206.doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206.PMC2898077.PMID20441615.
- ^"Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 12".HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.2017-05-12.Retrieved2017-05-19.
- ^"Chromosome 12: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens".Ensembl Release 88.2017-03-29.Retrieved2017-05-19.
- ^"Human chromosome 12: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM".UniProt.2018-02-28.Retrieved2018-03-16.
- ^"Search results - 12[CHR] AND" Homo sapiens "[Organism] AND (" genetype protein coding "[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene".NCBI.2017-05-19.Retrieved2017-05-20.
- ^"Search results - 12[CHR] AND" Homo sapiens "[Organism] AND ( (" genetype miscrna "[Properties] OR" genetype ncrna "[Properties] OR" genetype rrna "[Properties] OR" genetype trna "[Properties] OR" genetype scrna "[Properties] OR" genetype snrna "[Properties] OR" genetype snorna "[Properties]) NOT" genetype protein coding "[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene".NCBI.2017-05-19.Retrieved2017-05-20.
- ^"Search results - 12[CHR] AND" Homo sapiens "[Organism] AND (" genetype pseudo "[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene".NCBI.2017-05-19.Retrieved2017-05-20.
- ^Riaz N; Steinberg S; Ahmad J; et al. (April 2005)."Genomewide significant linkage to stuttering on chromosome 12".Am. J. Hum. Genet.76(4): 647–51.doi:10.1086/429226.PMC1199301.PMID15714404.
- ^Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3).Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
- ^Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3).Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
- ^International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013).ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013).Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers.ISBN978-3-318-02253-7.
- ^Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012)."Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images".2012 Ninth International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE).pp. 276–282.doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965.ISBN978-1-4673-1921-8.S2CID16666470.
- ^"p":Short arm;"q":Long arm.
- ^For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see articlelocus.
- ^abThese values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013).Arbitrary unit.
- ^gpos:Region which is positively stained byG banding,generallyAT-richand gene poor;gneg:Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generallyCG-richand gene rich;acenCentromere.var:Variable region;stalk:Stalk.
- Gilbert F, Kauff N (2000). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome.Chromosome 12".Genet Test.4(3): 319–33.doi:10.1089/10906570050501588.PMID11142767.
- Montgomery KT, Lee E, Miller A, Lau S, Shim C, Decker J, Chiu D, Emerling S, Sekhon M, Kim R, Lenz J, Han J, Ioshikhes I, Renault B, Marondel I, Yoon SJ, Song K, Murty VV, Scherer S, Yonescu R, Kirsch IR, Ried T, McPherson J, Gibbs R, Kucherlapati R (2001)."A high-resolution map of human chromosome 12".Nature.409(6822): 945–6.Bibcode:2001Natur.409..945M.doi:10.1038/35057174.PMID11237017.
External links[edit]
- National Institutes of Health."Chromosome 12".Genetics Home Reference.Archived fromthe originalon 2007-06-12.Retrieved2017-05-06.
- "Chromosome 12".Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003.Retrieved2017-05-06.