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Cicely Tyson

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Cicely Tyson
Tyson in 1973
Born
Cecily[1][2]Louise Tyson[3][4]

(1924-12-19)December 19, 1924[5][a]
New York City,U.S.
DiedJanuary 28, 2021(2021-01-28)(aged 96)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeWoodlawn Cemetery
OccupationActress
Years active1948–2020
Notable work
Spouses
Kenneth Franklin
​
​
(m.1942;div.1956)​
​
​
(m.1981;div.1989)​
Children1
AwardsFull list

Cecily[1][2]Louise "Cicely" Tyson(⫽ˈsɪsəliː⫽;December 19, 1924 – January 28, 2021) was an American actress known for her portrayal of strong African-American women.[9][10]Tyson receivedvarious awardsincluding threeEmmy Awards,aScreen Actors Guild Award,aTony Award,anHonorary Academy Award,and aPeabody Award.

She garnered widespread attention and critical acclaim for her performance as Rebecca Morgan inSounder(1972), for which she was nominated for both theAcademy AwardandGolden Globefor best actress. Tyson continued to act in film and television in projects throughout her life, including the acclaimed seriesRoots(1977),Fried Green Tomatoes(1991),Diary of a Mad Black Woman(2005),The Help(2011), and the legal drama seriesHow to Get Away With Murder.

In addition to her screen career, Tyson appeared in various theater productions. She was awarded for her performances in productions both on and offBroadway.

Tyson was named aKennedy Center honoreein 2015. In November 2016, Tyson received thePresidential Medal of Freedom,which is the highest civilian honor in the United States. In 2020, she was inducted into theTelevision Hall of Fame.

Early life[edit]

Tyson was born inthe Bronx,New York City, but soon relocated with her family toEast Harlem.[5]She was one of three children born to Fredericka (Huggins) Tyson, a domestic worker, and William Augustine Tyson, who worked as a carpenter and painter.[11][12]Her parents were immigrants fromNevisin theWest Indies.[13][14]Her father arrived in New York City at age 21 and was processed atEllis Islandon August 4, 1919.[15]

Tyson grew up in a religious atmosphere. She sang in the choir and attended prayer meetings at an Episcopal church inEast Harlem.Tyson's mother was opposed to her becoming an actress and would not speak to her for a time. She changed her mind when she saw Cicely appear on stage.[16]

Career[edit]

Early work[edit]

Tyson in 1973

Tyson was discovered by a photographer forEbonymagazine and became a successful fashion model. Her first acting role was a bit part in the 1956 filmCarib Gold[17]and she first appeared onstage inVinnette Carroll's production ofDark of the Moonat theHarlem YMCAin 1958.[16]Tyson had small roles in the 1959 filmsOdds Against TomorrowandThe Last Angry Man,as well as the 1960 comedy,Who Was That Lady?[18][19]In 1961, she made her television debut in theNBCseriesFrontiers of Faith.[20]

In 1962, she became the first African American woman to wear an Afro on television in the United States.

In the early 1960s, Tyson appeared in the original cast of French playwrightJean Genet'sThe Blacks.She played the role of Stephanie Virtue Secret-Rose Diop; other notable cast members includedMaya Angelou,James Earl Jones,Godfrey Cambridge,Louis Gossett Jr.,andCharles Gordone.[21]The show was the longest running off-Broadway non-musical of the decade, running for 1,408 performances.[22]She won the 1961–1962 Vernon Rice Award (later known as theDrama Desk Award) for her performance in another off-Broadway production,Moon on a Rainbow Shawl.[16][23]In 1963, Tyson appeared on the game showTo Tell The Truthas an "imposter" for Australian singerShirley Abicair,receiving two of the four possible votes.[24]

Tyson, who once worked for a social services agency, was spotted by producerDavid SusskindinThe Blacksand inTiger, Tiger Burning Bright,and was cast for a role in the CBS TV seriesEast Side/West Side(1963–1964), playing the secretary of a social worker played byGeorge C. Scott.[16]She was at the time the only African-American regular member of a TV cast,[25][26]The show was noted for its treatment of social issues, and one of its episodes, on an African-American couple inHarlem(played byJames Earl JonesandDiana Sands), wasblacked outinAtlantaandShreveport, Louisiana.[26]

In the mid-1960s she had a recurring role in the soap operaThe Guiding Light.[27]She appeared withSammy Davis Jr.in the filmA Man Called Adam(1966)[28][29]and had a small role in the film version ofThe Comedians(1967) based on theGraham Greenenovel.[30]In 1968 Tyson had a featured role inThe Heart Is a Lonely Hunter.[31]

Stardom[edit]

In 1972, Tyson played the role of Rebecca Morgan in the filmSounder.She was nominated for both theAcademy AwardandGolden Globe Awardfor Best Actress for her work inSounder,[32]and also won theNSFC Best ActressandNBR Best ActressAwards.[33][34]

In 1974, Tyson played the title role in the television filmThe Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman.Tyson's portrayal of a centenarian black woman's life from slavery until her death before theCivil rights movementwon her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie and an Emmy Award for Actress of the Year – Special. Tyson was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her work in this television film.[35]

Tyson's television roles included: Binta in the 1977 miniseriesRoots,for which she was nominated for aPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie;Coretta Scott Kingin the 1978 miniseriesKing,for which she was nominated for aPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie;Marva Collinsin the 1981 television filmThe Marva Collins Story,for which she received anNAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Specialand was nominated for aPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie;[32]and Muriel in the 1986 television filmSamaritan: The Mitch Snyder Story,for which she received anNAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special.[36]

Tyson was the first black woman to ever host Saturday Night Live. Her episode featured the musical guest Talking Heads and aired on 10 February 1979.[37]

Later career[edit]

In 1989, Tyson appeared in the television miniseriesThe Women of Brewster Place.[38]In 1991, Tyson appeared inFried Green Tomatoesas Sipsey.[39]In the 1994–95 television seriesSweet Justice,Tyson portrayed a civil rights activist and attorney named Carrie Grace Battle, a character she modeled afterDovey Johnson Roundtree.[40]Her other notable film roles include the dramasHoodlum(1997) andDiary of a Mad Black Woman(2005), and the television filmsOldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All(1994) (for which she received her third Emmy Award) andA Lesson Before Dying(1999).[41]In 2005, Tyson co-starred inBecause of Winn-Dixie.[42]

In 2010, Tyson appeared inWhy Did I Get Married Too?and narrated thePaul Robeson Award-winning documentaryUp from the Bottoms: The Search for the American Dream.In 2011, Tyson appeared in her first music video inWillow Smith's21st Century Girl.That same year, she played Constantine Jefferson, a maid inJackson, Mississippi,in the critically acclaimed period dramaThe Help.[43]Set in the backdrop of theCivil Rights Movement,the film won theBroadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Acting Ensembleand theScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.[44][45]

At the67th Tony Awards,on June 9, 2013, Tyson won theTony Award for Best Actress in a Playfor her performance as Miss Carrie Watts inThe Trip to Bountiful.Upon winning, the 88-year-old actress became the oldest recipient of the Best Actress Tony Award.[46][47]She also won theDrama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Playand theOuter Critics Circle Awardfor Outstanding Actress in a Play for the role.[48][49]

In 2013, Tyson played a supporting role in the horror filmThe Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia.[50]Beginning in 2014, Tyson guest-starred onHow to Get Away with Murderas Ophelia Harkness, the mother of main characterAnnalise Keating(Viola Davis); for this role, she was nominated for aPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Seriesin 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020.

In 2020, she starred in the popular movieA Fall From Gracewhich was featured onNetflix.[51]

Personal life[edit]

Davis and Tyson in 1982

At the age of 18, Tyson married Kenneth Franklin on December 27, 1942.[52]They had a daughter two months later, in February 1943.[53]According to her divorce decree, her husband abandoned her on June 18, 1944. The marriage was formally dissolved in 1956.[54][55]

Tyson began dating jazz trumpeterMiles Davisin the 1960s when he was in the process of divorcing dancerFrances Davis.[56]Davis used a photo of Tyson for his 1967 album,Sorcerer.Davis told the press in 1967 that he intended to marry Tyson in March 1968 after his divorce was finalized,[57]but instead he married singerBetty Mabrythat September.[58]

Tyson and Davis rekindled their relationship in 1978. They were married on November 26, 1981, in a ceremony conducted by Atlanta mayorAndrew Youngat the home of actorBill Cosby.Their marriage was tumultuous due to Davis' volatile temper and infidelity.[59]Davis credited Tyson with saving his life and helping him overcome hiscocaineaddiction.[59]They resided inMalibu, California,and New York City, until she filed for divorce in 1988.[60]Theirdivorcewas finalized in 1989, two years before Davis died in 1991.[59]

Tyson was godmother to the singerLenny Kravitz,having been friends with his mother, actressRoxie Roker,as well as toDenzel Washington's daughter Katia andTyler Perry's son Aman.[61]

Tyson was an honorary member ofDelta Sigma Thetasorority.[62]She was a member of theAbyssinian Baptist Churchof New York.[63]She was avegetarian.[64]She was also a first-cousin ofLouis Farrakhan,a longtime leader of theNation of Islam.[65]

Tyson's memoir,Just as I Am,was published on January 26, 2021,[66]and she promoted the book during the last weeks of her life. When she was asked how she wanted to be remembered in an interview withGayle King,Tyson said, "I've done my best. That's all."[67]

Death[edit]

Tyson died on January 28, 2021, at the age of 96.[66]Her funeral was held February 16 at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, and was attended byTyler Perry,her godson Lenny Kravitz, andBillandHillary Clinton.[68]

Tyson was interred inWoodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)with former husband Miles Davis.

Filmography[edit]

Main article:Cicely Tyson on screen and stage

Selected credits:

Awards and honors[edit]

Main article:List of awards and nominations received by Cicely Tyson

Cicely Tyson is the recipient of numerous accolades, including anAcademy Honorary Award,threeEmmy Awards,and aTony Award.Tyson won three Primetime Emmy Awards for her work in television winning for,The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman(1974), andOldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All(1994). She won the Tony Award forBest Actress in a Playher performance inThe Trip to Bountifulin 2014. Tyson won her Honorary Academy Award in 2018 with the inscription reading, "Whose unforgettable performances and personal integrity have inspired generations of filmmakers, actors and audiences."

Tyson has also received various honours for her lifetime achievement as a groundbreaking artist. In 2015, she received aKennedy Center Honor.In 2016 she was bestowed thePresidential Medal of FreedomfromPresident Barack Obama.In 2020, she received a Career AchievementPeabody Award.That same year she was inducted into theTelevision Hall of Fame.

Tyson in 2009

In 1977, Tyson was inducted into theBlack Filmmakers Hall of Fame.In 1980, she received the Golden Plate Award of theAmerican Academy of Achievement.[69]In 1982, Tyson was awarded theWomen in FilmCrystal Award.The award is given to outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.[70]In 1988, Tyson received aCandace Awardfor Distinguished Service from theNational Coalition of 100 Black Women.[71]In 1997, she received a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame.[72]

In 2005, Tyson was honored atOprah Winfrey's Legends Ball.She was also honored by theCongress of Racial Equality,theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People,and theNational Council of Negro Women.[73][74]Tyson was awarded theNAACP's 2010Spingarn Medalfor her contribution to the entertainment industry, her modeling career, and her support of civil rights.[75][76][77]Tyson was a recipient of theKennedy Center Honorsin 2015.[78]She was awarded the United States' highest civilian honor, thePresidential Medal of Freedom,by PresidentBarack Obamain November 2016.[79]In September 2018, theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciencesannounced that Tyson would receive anAcademy Honorary Award.[80]On November 18, 2018, Tyson became the first African-American woman to receive an honorary Oscar.[81]In 2018, Tyson was inducted into theAmerican Theater Hall of Fame.[82]One of 12 soundstages was named after Tyson in her honor atTyler Perry Studios.She was chosen to be inducted into theTelevision Academy's Hall of Famein 2020.[83]In 2022, she was posthumously inducted into theBlack Music & Entertainment Walk of Famein 2022.[84]

Tyson received honorary degrees fromClark Atlanta University,[85]Columbia University;[86]Howard University;[87]andMorehouse College,an all-malehistorically black college.[88]TheCicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts,a magnet school inEast Orange, New Jersey,was named after her in 2009.[89]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^At the time of her death, numerous sources, most notably the New York Times, listed Tyson's date of birth as December 18, 1924. Indeed it was the Times, back in 2013, that had first broken the story, confirmed by Tyson, that the actress was in fact 88 years old, and thus born in December 1924 rather than 1933 as had been previously reported.[6]As Tyson explained in her 2021 memoir, "1933" was no mistake, but rather a prime example of the age-shaving initiated by her onetime manager and perpetuated by Tyson with the express intent of bypassing the pervasive age discrimination facing women in the industry. That said, no matter how manyyearsmysteriously vanished along the way, the month and day of her birth, as cited in media accounts throughout Tyson's career, had remained a constant at December 19.[7]By contrast, the only source for the Times' 12/18 date seems to be a 1935 document, the Petition for Naturalization filed by Cicely's father William Augustine Tyson on July 31 of that year. The problem is that by that time, again as recounted in the 2021 memoir, it had been at least seven months—and perhaps as many as 10—since Mr. Tyson actually resided with his wife and children. The previous fall, no longer willing to put up with William's persistent and unrepentant adultery (not to mention his hair-trigger temper when confronted regarding this behavior), Fredericka Tyson had gathered their three children plus essential belongings and promptly moved to a new address, where her husband was welcome to visit—so as not to deprive their children of a father altogether—but no more than that.[8](Just how deep a rift had been opened up between the two may perhaps be gleaned from the 1940 U.S. Census entry for the Tyson family, now minus William, wherein all four remaining Tysons have retroactively been 'reborn' in South Carolina.[2]) And so, coming some seven to 10 months after their informal separation, with his attention presumably even more divided than before, a slight lack of precision regarding his eldest daughter's birth date should not come as too great a surprise.

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  84. ^Nazareno, Mia (December 17, 2021)."Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy, Jr. & More to Be Inducted at 2022 Black Music and Entertainment Walk of Fame".Billboard.RetrievedFebruary 17,2022.
  85. ^Willis, Cortney (January 29, 2021)."7 Reasons Cicely Tyson Deserves All Our Respect".Yahoo News.
  86. ^"Honorary degree bestowed on Cicely Tyson".news.columbia.edu.Columbia University. Archived fromthe originalon June 25, 2015.RetrievedJune 3,2015.
  87. ^Cox, Timothy (May 19, 2016)."President Obama draws rock-star reactions at Howard University commencement".The Chronicle.Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Archived fromthe originalon September 19, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 19,2018.
  88. ^"Morehouse College".Morehouse.edu.Archived fromthe originalon December 14, 2017.RetrievedAugust 4,2018.
  89. ^Bondy, Halley (September 25, 2009)."Cicely Tyson comes to East Orange to dedicate new school named for her".The Star-Ledger.RetrievedJanuary 30,2021.

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