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Cidadania

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Cidadania
PresidentComte Bittencourt
General SecretaryRegis Cavalcante[1]
Founded26 January 1992(1992-01-26)
Registered19 March 1992(1992-03-19)[2]
Split fromBrazilian Communist Party
Think tankFundação Astrojildo Pereira
Membership(2023)Decrease431,846[3]
Ideology
Political position
National affiliationPSDB Cidadania Federation
International affiliationSão Paulo Forum(1992–2004)
Colors
  • Magenta
  • Blue
  • Cyan
Identification number23
Federal Senate
0 / 81
Chamber of Deputies
4 / 513
Legislative Assemblies[6]
17 / 1,024
Mayors[7]
141 / 5,568
Municipal Chambers[8][9]
1,586 / 58,208
Website
cidadania23.org.br

Cidadania(English:Citizenship) is aBrazilian political party.It was originally founded as thePopular Socialist Party(Portuguese:Partido Popular Socialista,PPS) by members of the formerBrazilian Communist Party(PCB), as a centre-leftsocial democraticanddemocratic socialistparty.[10]Despite its left-wing alignment, PPS moved to be opposition against theWorkers' Partysince 2004, forming alliances with centre-right parties, in particular theBrazilian Social Democracy Party(PSDB), and supporting theImpeachment of Dilma Rousseff.[11]Later the party's National Convention adopted the new naming in March 2019,[12]and it was later approved by the Superior Electoral Court that September.[13]The party then began moving towards a moresocial liberalposition akin to thethird way.[14][15]

History

[edit]

It was founded in 1992 after the main body of theBrazilian Communist Party(PCB) decided to reinvent itself as asocial democraticparty following the collapse of theSoviet Union.A minority faction of the Brazilian Communist Party retained the old name.[10]

Logo of the former Popular Socialist Party

The PPS was a part of the coalition government of Brazilian PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silvauntil December 2004, when its leader withdrew its support from the coalition.[16]Ciro Gomesof the PPS refused to resign from his position as Minister for National Integration, leading to his removal from the PPS's National Executive. The same year, PPS withdrew from theForo de São Paulo,denouncing its support for the governments ofHugo Chávezin Venezuela andFidel Castroin Cuba.[17]

In the 2006 legislative elections, the party won 21 seats in thechamber of deputies.At that time party members held the state governorships ofMato GrossoandRondônia.In thepresidential election,the PPS endorsedGeraldo Alckminof theBrazilian Social Democracy Party(PSDB).

The PPS suffered setbacks in the 2010 general elections when it lost 10 seats in the Chamber of Deputies leaving just 12 remaining, although the party won its first Senate seat. It won no state governorships. The party again supported the PSDB presidential candidate, this timeJosé Serra,and was part of hisBrazil can do morealliance.

Later the party consolidated its position in the opposition to PT. It supported theimpeachment of Dilma Rousseffin 2016[18]and formed a coalition with the provisional government with theBrazilian Democratic Movement Party(PMDB) and the PSDB, under the rule ofMichel Temer.[19]

In 2018, the PPS leadership announced a name change. The justification, according to the leadership, was that the party needs to modernize to attract cadres from the entire political spectrum, new social movements and not be mistakenly branded as a radical party heir to theBrazilian Communist Partyor close to parties linked with Brazilianold socialistslike PT orPCdoB.The party received new members, such as former black-headedtoucans,members of theprogressive liberalLIVRES (Frees) movement, who left thePSLafter the party took a hard turn to the right withJair Bolsonaro's affiliation and support for his presidential campaign, and members of new progressive social movements like the AGORA (Now) and ACREDITO! (I Believe!). The party acquired a more liberal and less left-leaning ideology, occupying a more centrist position in the Brazilian political scenario.

The decision of the new party name was set to take place after the2018 FIFA World Cupand the party would only rebrand itself definitively after the2018 elections.[20]

For the Brazilian general elections of 2018 PPS joined the coalitionTo unite Brazil,in support of the candidacy ofGeraldo Alckmin.The coalition also includesBrazilian Social Democracy Party,Democrats,Progressistas,Party of the Republic,Brazilian Republican Party,Solidariedade,Brazilian Labour PartyandSocial Democratic Party.

In 23 March 2019, in an Extraordinary Congress, the party decided to officially change its name toCitizenship(Cidadania), officially dropping any reference tosocialismandsocial democracyand moving towardsocial liberalandcentrist positions.The new name was to be judged by the TSE and was pending approval.[14][15][21]On 19 September 2019, the new name was approved by TSE.[22]

In an interview of 17 July 2019 party leaderRoberto Freiresaid that Citizenship is in opposition to PresidentJair Bolsonaro,[23]starting a process of hisimpeachment,[24]although they had 83% alignment with the government in the congress.[25]

For the2022 Brazilian general election,Citizenship formed a federation with theBrazilian Social Democracy Party(PSDB), forming theAlways Forward Federation(or simply referred as the PSDB Cidanania Federation),[26]endorsing the campaign ofSimone Tebetfrom theBrazilian Democratic Movement(MDB).[27]For the second round, the party endorsedLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[28]

International relations

[edit]

Soon after its foundation, the Popular Socialist Party became a member of theForo de São Paulo,an association of South American leftist parties which also included the majority of Brazilian left-wing formations (PCB,PCdoB,PT,PDT,PSB). However, in 2004 PPS withdrew from the Foro, denouncing its support for authoritarian regimes inCubaandVenezuela.[29]

Despite being in the past a social democratic party, PPS has never been a member of theSocialist International(a position held byPDT) nor theProgressive Alliance(a position held byPSBand PT).

Electoral results

[edit]

Presidential elections

[edit]
Year Candidate Votes %
1998 Ciro Gomes 7,424,783 11.0%
2002 Ciro Gomes 10,166,324 12.0%
2006 No candidate, endorsedGeraldo Alckmin n/a n/a
2010 No candidate, endorsedJosé Serra n/a n/a
2014 No candidate, endorsedMarina Silva n/a n/a
2018 No candidate, endorsedGeraldo Alckmin n/a n/a
2022 No candidate, endorsedSimone Tebet n/a n/a

Legislative elections

[edit]
Election Chamber of Deputies Federal Senate Role in government
Votes % Seats +/– Votes % Seats +/–
1994 256,485 0.56%
2 / 513
 New 2,447,931 2.55%
1 / 54
 New Independent
1998 872,348 1.31%
3 / 513
 Increase1 1,846,897 2.99%
1 / 81
 Steady0 Independent
2002 2,682,487 3.07%
15 / 513
 Increase12 4,720,408 3.07%
1 / 81
 Steady0 Opposition
2006 3,630,462 3.90%
21 / 513
 Increase6 1,232,571 1.46%
1 / 81
 Steady0 Opposition
2010 2,536,809 2.63%
12 / 513
 Decrease9 6,766,517 3.97%
1 / 81
 Steady0 Opposition
2014 1,955,689 2.01%
10 / 513
 Decrease2 did not participate
0 / 81
 Decrease1 Opposition(2014-2016)
Coalition(2016-2018)
2018 1,590,084 1.62%
8 / 513
 Decrease2 2,954,800 1.72%
2 / 81
 Increase2 Independent
2022 5,000,910[a] 4.54%
5 / 513
 Decrease3 did not participate
1 / 81
 Decrease1 Coalition
  1. ^Votes obtained as part ofAlways Forwardcoalition.

Main leaders

[edit]
See also:Category:Cidadania politicians
  • Roberto Freire,National President of the party, former Minister of Culture, Federal Deputy and Senator
  • Rubens Bueno, Federal Deputy
  • Arnaldo Jordy, Federal Deputy
  • Cristovam Buarque,former Senator, Minister of Education and Governor
  • Raul Jungmann,former Minister of Defence, Minister of Public Security and Federal Deputy
  • Itamar Franco,former Senator, Governor and President of Brazil
  • Soninha Francine, City Councillor
  • Fernando Santana, Honorary President of the party, former Constituent Deputy
  • Denise Frossard,former Federal Deputy, candidate for Governor of Rio de Janeiro in 2006
  • Arnaldo Jardim, Federal Deputy, former State Deputy
  • Luciano Rezende,Mayor ofVitória
  • Humberto Souto, Mayor ofMontes Claros,former Federal Deputy
  • Davi Zaia, State Deputy
  • Alex Manente, Federal Deputy, former State Deputy and City Councillor
  • Jorge Kajuru, Senator, former City Councillor

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Diretório Nacional".Cidadania23(in Portuguese).Retrieved6 March2024.
  2. ^"Partidos políticos registrados no TSE".Superior Electoral Court(in Portuguese). Archived fromthe originalon 7 April 2023.Retrieved6 March2024.
  3. ^"Filiação partidária mensal".Superior Electoral Court(in Portuguese).Retrieved6 March2024.
  4. ^abc"Posicionamentos".Cidadania23(in Portuguese).Retrieved6 March2024.
  5. ^"Partido Popular Socialista (PPS)".FGV CPDOC(in Portuguese).
  6. ^"Raio-X das eleições: Leia como serão as assembleias em 2023".Poder360(in Portuguese). 11 October 2022.
  7. ^"Relembre quantos prefeitos e vereadores cada partido elegeu em 2020".Poder360(in Portuguese). 6 October 2023.
  8. ^"Vereadores eleitos por partido em 2020".Poder360(in Portuguese).
  9. ^"Eleições 2020: 58.208 vagas de vereadores estarão em disputa neste domingo (15)".Superior Electoral Court(in Portuguese). 14 November 2020.
  10. ^ab"@PPS23 - Verdadeiro, corajoso e decente. Filie-se!".filiacao.pps.org.br.Retrieved23 October2022.
  11. ^Maia, Dominique (13 August 2022)."História do CIDADANIA: de comunista a liberal progressista | Politize!"(in Brazilian Portuguese).Retrieved25 October2022.
  12. ^Cury, Teo (23 March 2019)."PPS aprova mudança de nome e vai se chamar Cidadania"(in Portuguese). Estadão.Retrieved2 October2019.
  13. ^"Aprovada a mudança do nome do PPS para Cidadania"(in Portuguese). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 19 September 2019. Archived fromthe originalon 26 October 2021.Retrieved2 October2019.
  14. ^ab"Em congresso extraordinário, PPS adota o nome Cidadania"(in Portuguese). Partido Popular Socialista. 23 March 2019. Archived fromthe originalon 29 October 2020.Retrieved24 March2019.
  15. ^ab"Em congresso em Brasília, PPS adota o nome Cidadania"(in Portuguese). O Globo. 23 March 2019.Retrieved24 March2019.
  16. ^Steve Kingstone,"Political blow for Brazil's Lula",BBC News, 13 December 2004.
  17. ^"#BlogCidadania23: Algumas verdades sobre o" Foro de São Paulo ", o PT e os tiranetes que enxovalham a esquerda democrática".#BlogCidadania23.20 October 2014.Retrieved11 November2019.
  18. ^Zerek, Helder."PPS conclama todos brasileiros a irem às ruas contra a corrupção e pelo impeachment de Dilma no dia 13".ppspr.org.br.
  19. ^"Roberto Freire diz que PPS vai continuar apoiando o governo".20 May 2017.
  20. ^"Mudança de nome do PPS será decidida com a participação de todos, afirma Roberto Freire - @PPS23".Archived fromthe originalon 30 June 2018.Retrieved30 June2018.
  21. ^Cury, Teo (23 March 2019)."PPS aprova mudança de nome e vai se chamar Cidadania"(in Portuguese). Estadão.Retrieved24 March2019.
  22. ^"Aprovada a mudança do nome do PPS para Cidadania".Superior Electoral Court(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived fromthe originalon 26 October 2021.Retrieved23 September2019.
  23. ^"Freire diz que Cidadania é oposição ao governo Bolsonaro".Cidadania23(in Brazilian Portuguese). 17 July 2019.Retrieved24 August2019.
  24. ^"Diretório Nacional do Cidadania aprova indicativo de impeachment de Bolsonaro".Cidadania23(in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 February 2021.Retrieved23 October2022.
  25. ^"Congresso em Foco".
  26. ^Poder360 (12 May 2022)."PSDB e Cidadania pedem registro de federação partidária ao TSE".Poder360(in Brazilian Portuguese).Retrieved23 October2022.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^"Quem é a vice de Simone Tebet nas eleições de 2022?".Valor Econômico(in Brazilian Portuguese). 16 September 2022.Retrieved23 October2022.
  28. ^"Cidadania declara apoio a Lula no segundo turno".G1(in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022.Retrieved25 October2022.
  29. ^"Blog do PPS: Algumas verdades sobre o" Foro de São Paulo ", o PT e os tiranetes que enxovalham a esquerda democrática".Blog do PPS.20 October 2014.Retrieved27 November2018.
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