City of Carlisle
City of Carlisle | |
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Formernon-metropolitan districtandcity | |
![]() Carlisle Civic Centrein Rickergate | |
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Motto(s): "Be Just and Fear Not" | |
![]() Carlisle shown withinCumbria | |
Coordinates:54°53′27″N2°56′38″W/ 54.89083°N 2.94389°W | |
Sovereign state | ![]() |
Country | ![]() |
Ceremonial county | Cumbria |
Historic county | Cumberland |
Admin HQ | Carlisle |
Founded | 1 April 1974 |
Abolished | 31 March 2023 |
Government | |
• Type | City |
• Governing body | Carlisle City Council |
•MPs: | John Stevenson,Neil Hudson |
Area | |
• Total | 1,039.97 km2(401.53 sq mi) |
Population (2021) | |
• Total | 110,255 |
• Density | 110/km2(270/sq mi) |
• Ethnicity | 97.6% White 0.9% South Asian 0.6% Mixed 0.2% Black 0.5% Chinese or Other |
Time zone | UTC+0(Greenwich Mean Time) |
Postcode | |
ONS code | 16UD (ONS) E07000028 (GSS) |
OS grid reference | NY394555 |
Website | carlisle.gov.uk |
![]() | |
Click the map for an interactive fullscreen view |
TheCity of Carlisle(/kɑːrˈlaɪl/kar-LYLE,locally/ˈkɑːrlaɪl/KAR-lyle[1]) was alocal government districtofCumbria,England, with the status of acity.It was named after its largest settlement,Carlisle,but covered a far larger area which included the towns ofBramptonandLongtown,as well as outlying villages includingDalston,ScotbyandWetheral.In 2011 the district had a population of 107,524,[2]and an area of 1,039.97 square kilometres (402 sq mi).[3]
The district boundaries were set as part of the provisions of theLocal Government Act 1972,and covered anamalgamationof two former local government districts, theCity and County Borough of Carlisleand theBorder Rural DistrictofCumberland.[4]The district shared a border withScotland(to the north), and was bounded on the southwest by the borough ofAllerdale,and on the south by the district ofEden.The county ofNorthumberlandwas to the east.
Although the district boundaries dated to the 20th century, the city traces its origins to a 1st-centuryRomanoutpost associated withHadrian's Wall.TheBrythonicsettlement that expanded from this outpost was destroyed by theDanesin 875. Thereafter the region formed part of theSouthern Uplandsof Scotland, until colonised under KingWilliam II of Englandin 1092. William II builtCarlisle Castle,which houses a military museum.Carlisle Cathedral,founded in the 12th century, is one of the smallest in England.
Aborder city,and the third most northerly city in England, Carlisle district predominantly spanned the flood plain of theRiver Eden.Commercially, it was linked to the rest of England via theM6 motorway,and to theScottish Lowlandsvia theA74(M) and M74 motorways.
In July 2021 theMinistry of Housing, Communities and Local Governmentannounced that in April 2023, Cumbria would be reorganised into twounitary authorities.[5]On 1 April 2023, Carlisle City Council was abolished and its functions transferred to the new unitary authority ofCumberland,which also incorporates the former districts of Allerdale andCopeland.[6]
From 1 April 2023 the "City of Carlisle" was redefined to cover the following wards: Belah and Kingmoor, Botcherby and Harraby North, Cathedral and Castle, Currock and Upperby, Denton Holme and Morton South, Harraby South and Parklands, Newtown and Morton North, Sandsfield and Morton West and Stanwix and Houghton.
Charter Trustees were formed from the councillors that cover the said areas; they act as appropriate bodies in which historic rights and privileges of Carlisle, including the Mayoralty will continue until a governance review will determine the need of a Town Council.[citation needed]
History
[edit]Following both theLocal Government Act 1888andLocal Government Act 1894,local government in Englandhad been administered via a national framework ofrural districts,urban districts,municipal boroughsandcounty boroughs,which (apart from the latter which were independent), shared power with strategiccounty councilsof theadministrative counties.[7]The areas that were incorporated into the City of Carlisle district in 1974 had formed part of theBorder Rural Districtfrom the administrative county ofCumberland,and the politically independentCounty Borough of Carlisle.
After the exploration of reform during the mid-20th century such as the proposals made by theRedcliffe-Maud Reportin the late 1960s, theLocal Government Act 1972restructured local government in England by creating a system of two-tiermetropolitan and non-metropolitan countiesanddistrictsthroughout the country.[8]The act formally established the City of Carlisle as a local government district of the newshire countyof Cumbria on 1 April 1974. The new duallocal authoritiesof Carlisle City Council andCumbria County Councilhad been running sinceelections in 1973however.[9]The leading article inThe Timeson the day the Local Government Act came into effect claimed that the "new arrangement is a compromise which seeks to reconcile familiar geography which commands a certain amount of affection and loyalty, with the scale of operations on which modern planning methods can work effectively".[10]
Governance
[edit]Parliamentary constituencies
[edit]The residents of the City of Carlisle district were represented in theHouse of Commons of the United Kingdomby members of parliament (MPs) for two parliamentary constituencies. At the2019 general election,Conservative PartyMPs won the seats ofCarlisleandPenrith and The Border,John StevensonandNeil Hudsonrespectively.
Council
[edit]In 1974, Carlisle City Council was created to administer the newly formed non-metropolitan district, which shared power with the strategicCumbria County Council.The council offices were in Carlisle, at the Civic Centre. TheLabour Partycontrolled the council for much of the first 25 years and from 1979 to the1999 electionhad an overall majority.[11]Until 2003 theConservative Partythen controlled the council with a majority, and from the2003 electionsthey ran the council with no majority, but in alliance with theLiberal Democrats.[4]At the2012 electionLabour gained a majority of the seats, which they held until the2019local election when the Conservative Party retook the council with the backing of the one Liberal Democrat, one UKIP councillor, and an Independent.[12]In May 2021, three city councilby-electionstook place, triggered by the departure of three Labour councillors, that resulted in two Conservative gains from Labour.[13]
In November 2021, the former chair of the Labour Party, Jo Ellis-Williams, joined the Conservatives to give overall control of the council to the Conservative Party.[14]
Party | Seats[15] | Current Council (2022) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Conservative | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labour | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Independent | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Green Party | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lib Dems | 2 |
Electoral wards
[edit]There were 39 councillors representing theelectoral wardsof the City of Carlisle district. Together they formed the Carlisle City Council. Councillors were elected and accountable to the residents of their wards.
Ward names[16] | Population[17] | Councillors' party |
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Belah & Kingmoor | 6,884 | 2 Conservatives, 1 Green |
Botcherby & Harraby North | 8,728 | 3 Independents |
Brampton & Fellside | 7,877 | 2 Conservatives, 1 Independent |
Cathedral & Castle | 9,839 | 3 Labour |
Currock & Upperby | 9,447 | 3 Labour |
Dalston & Burgh | 6,424 | 2 Conservatives, 1 Liberal Democrat |
Denton Holme & Morton South | 8,239 | 3 Labour |
Harraby South & Parklands | 8,526 | 2 Conservative, 1 Labour |
Longtown & the Border | 7,539 | 2 Conservatives, 1 Liberal Democrat |
Newtown & Morton North | 9,437 | 2 Labour, 1 Conservative |
Sandsfield & Morton West | 8,679 | 2 Conservatives, 1 Labour |
Stanwix & Houghton | 8,632 | 2 Conservatives, 1 Independent |
Wetheral & Corby | 7,237 | 3 Conservatives |
Parishes
[edit]Civil parishesform the bottom tier of local government in England; parish councils are consulted onplanning applicationsand commonly manage some local services, such as allotments, burial grounds, bus shelters, car parks, and commons.[18]The City of Carlisle district was almost entirely parished, the exception being the central settlement of Carlisle—anunparished area.As of 2008, there were 36 civil parishes in the district, covered by 34 parish councils, which are:[19]
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Unparished areaof Carlisle |
Coat of arms
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_Arms_of_Carlisle.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Carlisle.svg.png)
The coat of arms of Carlisle City Council were those granted to the city council of the County Borough of Carlisle by theCollege of Armson 7 July 1924. These arms were derived from more ancient designs of or relating to Carlisle and its governance.[20]
The city council's coat of arms were emblematic of the city's history. The arms incorporated a golden shield with a red cross, upon a green mount, surmounted by amural crown,relating to Carlisle's history as an ancientwalled city.This was supported by two redwyverns—legendary dragons used in heraldry—their wings strewn with golden roses, with reference to the city'sBrythonic history.The motto beneath the arms came fromThomas Wolsey's speech toThomas Cromwell,in Shakespeare's play,Henry VIII:[20]Be just and fear not.
Geography
[edit]The City of Carlisle district was at the extreme north ofNorth West England.It encompassed Cumbria'scounty town,Carlisle,and its surrounding ruralhinterland,[21]which together totalled 1,039.97 square kilometres (402 sq mi),[3]making the district thelargest in England by area.Although 70% of the district's 100,750 people lived in central Carlisle, 98% of the district'sland usewas rural.[21]The district was traversed by several major rivers, including theCaldew,Eden,andPetteril,and was bisected by theM6,A74(M)motorways.[22]
Along the City of Carlisle's northern extent was theSolway Firth,which forms the western section of theAnglo-Scottish border,and thus separated the district fromDumfries and Galloway,one of thecouncil areas of Scotland.To the east was the English county ofNorthumberland;to the south was the former district ofEdenand to the west and south-west the former borough ofAllerdale,both in the county of Cumbria.
Much of the district spanned the flood plain of the River Eden resulting in large parts of the district being vulnerable to flooding.[23][24]Two further tributaries, thePetterilandCaldewnearly surround the historic walled centre.
Carlisle experiences anoceanic climate(Köppen climate classificationCfb).
Climate data for Carlisle | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
2.9 (37.2) |
4.4 (39.9) |
6.8 (44.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 81.0 (3.19) |
62.3 (2.45) |
65.8 (2.59) |
49.5 (1.95) |
55.3 (2.18) |
66.4 (2.61) |
73.3 (2.89) |
79.1 (3.11) |
75.1 (2.96) |
95.4 (3.76) |
80.1 (3.15) |
88.8 (3.50) |
872.1 (34.33) |
Source:[25] |
Demography
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Carlisle_pop_pyramid.svg/220px-Carlisle_pop_pyramid.svg.png)
Carlisle compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2001 UK Census | Carlisle[26] | Cumbria[27] | England |
Total population | 100,739 | 487,607 | 49,138,831 |
White | 99.1% | 99.3% | 90.9% |
Asian | 0.3% | 0.2% | 4.6% |
Black | 0.1% | 0.1% | 2.3% |
At the2011 UK census,the City of Carlisle district had a total population of 107,524.[28]46.8% of the residents over the age of 16 were married or in a registered same-sex civil partnership, 11.9% wereco-habitingcouples, and 41.2% were not living in a couple.
In 1841, 15.7% of Carlisle's population was middle class compared to 14% in England and Wales; this increased to 18.9% in 1931 (15% nationally) and 35.7% in 2001 (48% nationally). Carlisle's proportion of working-class people increased slowly from 1841 to 1931, changing from 33.0% to 37.9 while the national average changed from 37% to 36% in the same period. Since 1931 it has fallen and risen again to 34.0% in 2001 (26% nationally). The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers.[29][30]
Population change
[edit]The table below details the population change since 1801, including the percentage change since the last available census data. Although the City of Carlisle has existed as a district since 1974, figures have been generated by combining data from the towns, villages, andcivil parishesthat would later be constituent parts of the city.
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Source: 1801–2001:Vision of Britain,[31]2011:ONS[32] |
Religion
[edit]At the 2011 UK census, 69.1% of Carlisle's residents reported themselves as Christian, 22.9% had no religion and 6.8% did not state any religion. Other religions were represented with 0.4% of residents Muslim, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.2% Hindu and 0.3% had an alternative religion.[28]The district was covered by theRoman Catholic Diocese of Lancaster,[33]and the Church of EnglandDiocese of Carlisle.[34]
Economy
[edit]Carlisle compared | |||
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2001 UK Census | City of Carlisle[35] | Cumbria[36] | England |
Population of working age | 73,431 | 354,183 | 35,532,091 |
Full-time employment | 39.0% | 36.9% | 40.8% |
Part-time employment | 14.6% | 13.6% | 11.8% |
Self employed | 8.2% | 9.9% | 8.3% |
Unemployed | 3.5% | 3.4% | 3.3% |
Retired | 15.8% | 16.7% | 13.5% |
At theUnited Kingdom Census 2001,Carlisle had 73,431 residents aged 16 to 74. Of these people, 2.4% were students with jobs, 3.1% students without jobs, 4.9% looking after home or family, 6.1% permanently sick or disabled and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons.[35]
In 2001, of 46,858 residents of the City of Carlisle district in employment, the industry of employment was 20.4% retail and wholesale, 15.9% manufacturing, 11.1% health and social work, 8.1% property and business services, 7.7% transport and communications, 7.3% construction, 6.4% education, 5.9% hotels and restaurants, 5.8% public administration and defence, 3.1% agriculture, 2.3% finance, 0.7% energy and water supply, 0.3% mining, and 4.5% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, although the proportion of jobs in agriculture which was more than the national average of 1.5% and the percentage of people working in finance was less than half the national average of 4.8%; the proportion of people working in property was also below the national average of 13.2%.[37]
Transport
[edit]Railway
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/90007%2C_90015_%26_87006_-_Carlisle_%2810304498313%29.jpg/220px-90007%2C_90015_%26_87006_-_Carlisle_%2810304498313%29.jpg)
Carlisle railway stationis on theWest Coast Main Lineand serves theSettle and Carlisle Line,Tyne Valley Line,Cumbrian Coast Lineand trains to South West Scotland.
Air
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CarlisleAirport.jpg/220px-CarlisleAirport.jpg)
The city has an airport,Carlisle Lake District Airport,owned byEttyl.[38]After a 25-year absence, commercial flights returned to the airport in July 2019 with a single airline,Loganair,providing services toLondon Southend,Belfast CityandDublin.[39]In March 2020, however, the airline permanently suspended all flights from the airport due to the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic.[40]
Buses
[edit]Carlisle bus station is operated byStagecoachon Lonsdale Street in the city centre.[41]
Twin cities
[edit]Carlisle has formaltwinningarrangements with two northernborder citieson mainland Europe. They are since 1961[42]Flensburgin northern Germany and since 1987[43]Słupskin northern Poland.[44][45]
Notable people
[edit]Freedom of the City
[edit]The following people and military units have received theFreedom of the Cityof Carlisle.
![]() |
Individuals
[edit]- Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein:7 July 1902.
- Diana, Princess of Wales:29 January 1986.
- Ivor Broadis:8 October 2018.[46]
Military Units
[edit]- RAF Spadeadam:2 June 2018.[47]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^Roach, Peter; Hartman, James; Setter, Jane;Jones, Daniel,eds. (2006),Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary(17th ed.), Cambridge: CUP,ISBN978-0-521-68086-8
- ^UK Census(2011)."Local Area Report – Carlisle Local Authority (E07000028)".Nomis.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved27 March2021.
- ^ab"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 7 October 2011.Retrieved1 February2010.
{{cite web}}
:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Cumbria County Council Census key statistics summary - ^abCarlisle City Council (20 May 2009),Council Constitution and Financial Procedure Rules(PDF),Carlisle City Council,retrieved22 June2009[dead link]
- ^"Next steps for new unitary councils in Cumbria, North Yorkshire and Somerset".GOV.UK.Retrieved1 January2022.
- ^"Local Government Reorganisation. Delivering Two New Councils for Cumbria".Archived fromthe originalon 1 April 2023.Retrieved1 January2022.
- ^"Visionofbritain.org.uk".Archivedfrom the original on 8 May 2008.Retrieved22 June2009.
- ^HMSO.Local Government Act 1972.1972 c.70
- ^British Local Election Database, 1889–2003,AHDS – Arts and Humanities data service, 28 June 2006retrieved on 5 March 2008.
- ^"All change in local affairs",The Times,1 April 1974
- ^"England council elections".BBC News.10 May 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 20 November 2011.Retrieved27 December2011.
- ^"Conservatives take control of Carlisle City Council following knife-edge vote".News and Star.
- ^McAllister, Richard."Conservatives hail 'extraordinary results' in city council by-elections".News and Star.
- ^"Carlisle City councillor leaves Labour Party due to 'ugly culture of self-interest' and joins Tories".Cumbria Crack.12 November 2021.
- ^"Carlisle City Council Elections −2015".Carlisle City Council. Archived fromthe originalon 8 May 2015.Retrieved8 May2015.
- ^"about-voting".carlisle.gov.uk.
- ^"Carlisle (District, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location".citypopulation.de.
- ^National Association of Local Councils,About local councils?
- ^Cumbria Association of Local Councils (2 September 2008),Parishes in Carlisle,calc.org.uk,archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2009,retrieved24 June2009
- ^abCumbria and Palatine Counties area,civicheraldry.co.uk,archivedfrom the original on 8 February 2010,retrieved22 June2009
- ^abAndrew 2004,p. 6.
- ^Andrew 2004,p. 7.
- ^"Carlisle 'cut off' by flood water"atBBCNews – 8 January 2005, 13:15 UTC
- ^"Floods leave homes without power"Archived24 January 2008 at theWayback Machineat BBC News – 8 January 2005, 23:31 UTC
- ^Averages for Carlisle,archived fromthe originalon 29 October 2021,retrieved19 October2021
- ^Carlisle Local Authority ethnic group,Government of the United Kingdom,archivedfrom the original on 4 June 2011,retrieved22 June2009
- ^Cumbria Education Authority ethnic group,Government of the United Kingdom,archivedfrom the original on 4 June 2011,retrieved22 June2009
- ^abUK Census(2011)."Local Area Report – Carlisle Local Authority (1946157077)".Nomis.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved8 February2018.
- ^City of Carlisle social class,Vision of Britain,archivedfrom the original on 26 October 2012,retrieved22 June2009
- ^England social class,Vision of Britain,archivedfrom the original on 3 October 2012,retrieved22 June2009
- ^Carlisle District: total population,Vision of Britain,archivedfrom the original on 26 October 2012,retrieved22 June2009
- ^Excel Table of North-West Councils' 2011 census population and increases,Office for National Statistics,archivedfrom the original on 30 July 2012,retrieved2 August2012
- ^The Diocese of Lancaster,Lancaster Diocese, archived fromthe originalon 21 June 2009,retrieved22 June2009
- ^Welcome to the website of the Diocese of Carlisle,Carlisle Diocese,archivedfrom the original on 23 August 2011,retrieved22 June2009
- ^abCarlisle Local Authority economic activity,Government of the United Kingdom,archivedfrom the original on 4 June 2011,retrieved23 June2009
- ^Cumbria Education Authority economic activity,Government of the United Kingdom,archivedfrom the original on 4 June 2011,retrieved23 June2009
- ^City of Carlisle Local Authority industry of employment,Government of the United Kingdom,archivedfrom the original on 4 June 2011,retrieved23 June2009
- ^"Ettyl announces Carlisle airport and Stobart Air purchase".BBC News.23 August 2021.Retrieved23 August2021.
- ^Meechan, Simon (4 July 2019)."Commercial flights return to Carlisle Airport with fares to London, Dublin and Belfast from £39.99".ChronicleLive.Retrieved23 August2021.
- ^"Flights suspended from Carlisle Airport".UK Aviation News.23 March 2020.Retrieved23 August2021.
- ^Baker, Jasper (12 May 2021)."All changes as work due to begin on Carlisle bus station".News & Star.Retrieved23 August2021.
- ^Partnerstädte(in German), Stadt Flensburg,archivedfrom the original on 19 August 2012,retrieved30 November2012
- ^Carlisle(in Polish), Urząd Miejski w Słupsku, archived fromthe originalon 16 April 2013,retrieved30 November2012
- ^Carlisle City Council,Town twinning,Carlisle City Council, archived fromthe originalon 2 December 2008,retrieved24 June2009
- ^Town Twinning at Carlisle City Council,carlisletwins.org.uk, archived fromthe originalon 27 August 2007,retrieved24 June2009
- ^"Football legend Ivor Broadis made a freeman of Carlisle".Archivedfrom the original on 11 July 2019.Retrieved11 July2019.
- ^"News-and-events".Archivedfrom the original on 11 July 2019.Retrieved11 July2019.
Bibliography
[edit]- Andrew, Bennett (2004),Homelessness: Written Evidence: House of Commons Papers 2003–04 1116-Ii,vol. 2, Great Britain: The Stationery Office,ISBN978-0-215-01969-1
External links
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