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Clan Kerr

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This article is about the Scottish clan. For people with the surname, seeKerr (surname).

Clan Kerr
Cearr, MacGhillechearr[1]
Crest:The sun in his splendour Or
MottoSero sed serio (Late but in earnest)[1]
SloganLate but in Earnest
Profile
DistrictScottish Borders
Plant badgeBog Myrtle
Chief
The Most Hon.Michael Kerr
The 13thMarquess of Lothian[1]
SeatFerniehirst Castle[2]
Septsof Clan Kerr
Carr,[3]Cares,[4]Carre,[3]Cessford,[3]Ker[3]
Clan branches
Kerr of Ferniehurst (chiefs) (Marquess of Lothian)
Ker of Cessford (senior cadets) (Duke of Roxburghe)
Kerr of Linton
Ker of Kersland
Allied clans
Rival clans

Clan Kerr(/kɜːr/ⓘ) is aScottish clanwhose origins lie in theScottish Borders.During theMiddle Ages,it was one of the prominentborder reiverclans along the present-dayAnglo-Scottish borderand played an important role in the history of theBorder countryofScotland.

History[edit]

Origins of the clan[edit]

The name Kerr is rendered in various forms such as Kerr, Ker, Kear, Carr, Carre,[5]and Cares.[4]The name stems from theOld Norsekjarrwhich meansmarsh dweller,and came to Scotland from Normandy, the French settlement of theNorsemen.[5]Another variant is found on the west coast of Scotland, particularly on theIsle of Arran,taken from theGaelicciar,meaningdusky.[5]The early Roxburghshire Kerrs had their origins in the 12th century Ayrshire bailiery ofCunninghame.During the reign ofDavid I(1082–1153),Hugh de Morville,Lord High Constable of Scotland, granted lands in Cunninghame to the Norman family of William de Ker. These lands became known asKersland.[6]At this time, Cunninghame was under the control of de Morville who also maintained the nearby port ofIrvine– one of Scotland's earliest capitals – as his military headquarters.

Hugh de Morville hailed from the Normandy town ofMorville.In an era when noble families defined themselves by their location of origin, it is conceivable that the roots of the family of William de Ker (William from Ker) lie in a town bearing the name of Ker. Though speculative, this could be the Normandy town of Criel, renamedCriel-sur-Merin 1902. According to a publication from 1740: "Ker veut dire une maison; & je crois que le nom du bourg de Criel en est derivé..." ( "Ker means a house; and I think that the name of the village of Criel is derived from it..." )[7]

William de Ker's grandson is said to have been allied toSir William Wallacein thestruggle for Scottish independence:"William Ker of Kersland joined Wallace in 1296. He and Stephen of Ireland are said to have been the only two of Wallace's men who survived the battle of Elcho. Ker was the constant friend and companion of Wallace. In 1305, when Wallace was taken prisoner atRobroyston,William Ker only was with him. They were found both asleep, and Ker was unfortunately killed in the scuffle ".[8]

Family tradition asserts the Norman origin for the chiefs comes from two brothers, Ralph and Robert (also called John), who came toRoxburghfromLancashire.[5]It has never been confirmed who was the elder, although the senior branch of the family, the Kerrs of Ferniehurst claim descent from Ralph, while their rivals, the Kerrs of Cessford, descended from John.[5]

Asked how to say his name, AdmiralMark KerrtoldThe Literary Digestin 1935, "In Scotland the name rhymes withcare.Since many of the family have come to England the pronunciation in this country rhymes withcar,which we have entirely submitted to. "[9]Another common pronunciation of Kerr, such as in the majority of the United States, is "kur".[10]

15th and 16th century clan conflicts[edit]

The two main branches of the Clan Kerr, the Kerrs of Ferniehurst and the Kerrs of Cessford, often feuded with each other.[11]However, both Andrew Kerr of Ferniehurst and Andrew Kerr of Cessford were madeWardens of the Middle Marches,[11]the first in 1502 and the latter after theBattle of Floddenin 1513.[11]After Flodden, some of the Liddesdale clans put themselves under the Kerr of Ferniehurst's protection, but, in 1523, his castle was captured by an English force after a protracted defence.

The Clan Kerr feuded in particular with theClan Scott.[12]The feud began on 25 July 1526, whenSir Walter Scott of Buccleuchlaunched an attack (theBattle of Melrose) to rescue the youngJames V of Scotlandwho was being held by the DouglasEarl of AngusatDarnickjust west ofMelrose,and in the ensuing fight Kerr of Cessford was killed.[12]The Kerrs, however, took their time and, in 1552, they set upon Sir Walter Scott onEdinburgh High Streetand killed him.[12]The feud came to an end when SirThomas Kerr of Ferniehirstmarried Janet Scott who was the sister of the tenth Scott Laird of Buccleuch.[12]

Mark Kerr had his lands of Newbattle and Prestongrange erected into the barony of Newbattle by a charter of 1591.[5]

17th century and Civil War[edit]

In 1606, Mark Kerr was createdEarl of Lothian.[12]This title failed when his son died in 1624 without male issue.[5]In 1621, Sir Andrew Kerr of Ferniehurst was createdLord Jedburgh.[5]

The third peerage to come to the family was the earldom of Ancram, which was given to Sir Robert Kerr, a descendant of a younger son of Sir Andrew Kerr of Ferniehurst.[5]In 1616, Sir Robert Ker of Cessford, by this time spelt his surname with a single 'r', was createdEarl of Roxburghe.[5]In 1631, Sir William Kerr, son of the Earl of Ancram, was granted a new earldom of Lothian in 1631.[5]His son was Robert Kerr who was advanced to the rank of marquess and who also succeeded to the earldom of Ancram on the death of his uncle.[5]

During theScottish Civil War,Colonel Kerr supported theCovenantercommander, GeneralDavid Leslie, Lord Newark,and took theClan Mackenzie'sRedcastle,demolished it, and hanged the garrison.[13]

18th century and Jacobite risings[edit]

Lord Mark Kerr, son of the Chief,Robert Kerr, 1st Marquis of Lothian,was a distinguished professional soldier and is reputed to have had a high sense of personal honour and a quick temper.[5]He fought several duels throughout his military career but rose ultimately to the rank of general, and was appointed governor ofEdinburgh Castlein 1745.[5]

During theJacobite rising of 1745,the Clan Kerr supported the British government. At theBattle of Cullodenin 1746, Lord Kerr's great nephew,Lord Robert Kerr(son of William Kerr, 3rd Marquis of Lothian), who was Captain of the grenadiers inBarrell's regiment,received the first chargingCameronon the point of hisSpontoon,but a second cut him through the head to chin.[5]He has the dubious distinction of being the only person of high rank killed on the government side.[5]The eldest of the brothers, Mark, Lord Kerr, later the fourthMarquess of Lothian,commanded three squadrons of government cavalry at the Battle of Culloden and survived to serve under theDuke of Cumberlandin France in 1758.[5]

Left-handedness[edit]

The Kerrs have typically been associated with left-handedness, and some of their buildings, such asFerniehirst Castle,haveturnpike stairsexplicitly designed with this in mind.[14][15]Andrew Ker (1471–1545), known as Dand,[16]developed Ferniehirst into a formidable stronghold. Both Dand and his paternal grandfather, Andrew of Cessford, are believed to have been left-handed swordsmen. A left-handed mercenary warrior could command a higher fee for his services, and those who fought under the Ferniehirst and Cessford banners were encouraged to fight "ker-handed".[17]

There is an anecdotal link between the Kerrs and left-handedness. An article in theBritish Medical Journalaround 1972 stated that about 30% of those with the surname Kerr were left-handed, compared to 11% as the world's population. However, a 1993 study found no statistically significant increase in left-handedness among people with the family name Kerr or Carr.[18]

Castles[edit]

Ferniehirst Castle, seat of the Kerrs of Ferniehirst, chiefs of Clan Kerr
Newbattle Abbey, a later seat of the Kerrs of Ferniehirst who became Marqueses of Lothian
The ruins of Cessford Castle, former seat of the Kerr of Cessford branch of the clan, who were once rivals to the chiefly Kerrs of Ferniehurst
Floors Castle, a later seat of the Kerrs of Cessford who became Dukes of Roxburghe

Castles that have been owned by the Clan Kerr include among others:

  • Ferniehirst Castleis about a mile south ofJedburghin theScottish Borders.It is now an extended and altered tower house that incorporates work from the sixteenth century. The castle was first built in 1470 and the Kerr of Ferniehirst branch of the clan were madeWardens of the Middle Marchesin 1502. The original entrance leads to a staircase known as the 'Left-Handed Staircase' based on a story that Sir Andrew Kerr having returned from the Battle of Flodden in 1513, and who was left handed, had his followers trained to use their weapons with their left hands. The castle was sacked in 1523 by the English, but was recaptured in 1549 with French help, and the leader of the captured garrison was executed. In 1570, the castle was damaged in a raid when Sir Thomas Kerr of Ferniehirst, protector ofMary, Queen of Scots,hoped to have her released from imprisonment. In 1593,James VI of Scotlandattacked the castle because of the help that the Kerrs had given toFrancis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell,whom the king had accused of witchcraft and treason. Between 1934 and 1984, the castle was leased by the Scottish Youth Hostel Association, apart from duringWorld War IIwhen it was used as an army billet. The Kerr Marquises of Lothian and Earls of Ancrum still own Ferniehirst Castle although they live inLondon.The castle is said to be haunted by aGreen Ladyand is open to the public in July.[2]
  • Newbattle AbbeyorNewbattle Castleis a mile south-west ofDalkeithinMidlothian.After theProtestant Reformationthe property was given to the Kerrs of Ferniehirst and they were made Lords of Newbattle in 1591, and Earls of Lothian in 1606. The feud between the Kerrs of Ferniehirst and the Kerrs of Cessford was ended in 1631, when William Kerr of Ferniehirst married Ann Kerr of Cessford and the family were made Marqueses of Lothian in 1701. Many of the Newbattle buildings were demolished but some were incorporated into a fortified dwelling for the family. It was remodeled down the centuries into a large mansion. The eleventh Marquis of Lothian gave the building to the nation and it is now an adult education college. The castle is said to be haunted with stories of aGrey Lady,said to be the spirit of a girl who was killed when she fell in love with a monk, as well as stories of spectral monks haunting the grounds.[2]
  • Cessford Castle,a massiveL-plancastle and is now a ruin. The castle dates from the fifteenth century or earlier. It was surrounded by a curtain wall with a second wall and ditch beyond this. The castle was held by the Kerrs of Cessford who became rivals of the Kerrs of Ferniehirst.Sir Andrew Kerr of Cessford fought and survived the Battle of Flodden in 1513, but Cessford Castle was attacked by the English in 1519. It was besieged by the English four years later who reckoned it the third strongest fortress in Scotland. The castle was torched in 1543 and sacked by the English a year later. Sir Walter Kerr of Cessford was banished toFrancefor being involved in the murder ofWalter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuchin 1552. The Kerrs of Cessford were made Earls in 1616 and thenDukes of Roxburghein 1704. In about 1650, Cessford Castle was abandoned and the materials were used to build Floors Castle.[2]
  • Floors Castleis a massive castellated mansion that dates from 1721. It was designed byWilliam Adam,but was remodeled byWilliam Henry Playfairin the nineteenth century.[2]

Chief[edit]

Crest[edit]

The family crest comprises the Latin motto 'Sero Sed Serio' (late, but in earnest) with an image of the sun at its centre. The motto was adopted following theBattle of Ancrum Moor,in February 1545, which took place around 10 km from Ferniehirst Castle during theRough Wooing.During four hundred years of cross-border invasions, feuding and lawlessness in theScottish Borders,survival came to depend upon a shifting pattern of allegiances. On this occasion, the Kerrs, who were accomplished mounted troops, initially sided with the English forces. As the balance of the battle tipped in favour of the Scots, the Kerrs switched loyalties and turned their cavalry against the English, who had a low winter sun in their eyes,[19]and drove them from the field. The Kerrs thus arriving late, but in earnest.

Tartans[edit]

Kerrtartan,as published in 1842 inVestiarium Scoticum.

Clan Kerr has Three recognised tartans:

  • Kerr (Modern)
  • Kerr (Hunting)
  • Kerr (Muted)

Notes and references[edit]

  1. ^abcClan Kerr Profilescotclans. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  2. ^abcdeCoventry, Martin (2008).Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans.Musselburgh:Goblinshead. pp. 305–308.ISBN978-1-899874-36-1.
  3. ^abcdScots Kith & Kin.HarperCollins.2014. p. 63.ISBN9780007551798.
  4. ^abLower, Mark A (1860) Patronymica Britannica: a dictionary of the family names of the United Kingdom. London: J.R. Smith. Public Domain. p. 52.
  5. ^abcdefghijklmnopqWay, George of Plean;Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw(1994).Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia.Glasgow:HarperCollins(for theStanding Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 184–185.ISBN0-00-470547-5.
  6. ^Lawson, Bob (2014).The Kerrs of Ferniehirst 1205–1692.Self-published. p. 4.
  7. ^Dom. Toussaints du Plessis (1740).Description géographique et historique de la haute Normandie.
  8. ^Cowan, J.P., Samuel (1904).The Ancient Capital of Scotland: The Story of Perth from the Invasion of Agricola to the Passing of the Reform Bill.Vol. I, chapter VIII. New York: James Pott & Co.
  9. ^Charles Earle Funk,What's the Name, Please?,Funk & Wagnalls, 1936.
  10. ^"What's In A Name?".Kerr Family Association of North America.Retrieved20 May2022.
  11. ^abcClan Kerr Historyelectricscotland. Retrieved 11, February 2013
  12. ^abcdeWay, George of Plean;Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw(1994).Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia.Glasgow:HarperCollins(for theStanding Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 314–315.ISBN0-00-470547-5.
  13. ^Mackenzie, Alan (2006)History of the MackenziesChapter 9. p. 105. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  14. ^Kerr (Car or Ker)scottish places.info. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  15. ^"Ferniehirst".The Castles of Scotland Goblinshead Martin Coventry.23 January 2019.Retrieved31 March2019.
  16. ^"Dand Kerr 1480–1545".clankerr.co.uk.Retrieved13 December2019.
  17. ^Lawson, Bob (2014).The Kerrs of Ferniehirst 1205–1692.Self-published. p. 24.
  18. ^Shaw, D.; McManus, I. C. (1993). "The handedness of Kerrs and Carrs". British Journal of Psychology 84: 545–51.
  19. ^Lawson, Bob (2014).The Kerrs of Ferniehirst 1205–1692.Self-published.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

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