Jump to content

Clan Munro

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Clan Munro
Clann an Rothaich[1]
Crest:An eagle perching Proper
MottoDread God[2]
War cryCaisteal Folais 'na Theine
Profile
RegionHighland
DistrictEaster-Ross[2]
Plant badgeCommon club moss[2]
Pipe musicBealach na Broige[2]
Chief
Hector Munro of Foulis[2]
The35th Chief of Clan Munro(Tighearna Foghlais[1])
SeatFoulis Castle
Septsof Clan Munro
Dingwall,[3]Foulis,[3]Fowlis,[3]Keddie,[3]Kiddie,[3]MacAidie,[3]MacCulloch,[3]MacEeddie,[3]MacKeddie,[3]MacLullich,[3]Monro,[3]Monroe,[3]Munroe,[3]Vass,[3]Wass[3]
Clan branches
Munro of Foulis(chiefs)[4]
Munro of Milntown(senior cadets)[4]
Munro of Culcairn(patrilineal seniority)[4]
Munro of Culrain(agnatic seniority)[4]
Munro of Auchinbowie[4]
Monro of Fyrish[4]
Munro of Obsdale[4]
Munro of Kiltearn[4]
Munro of Killichoan[4]
Munro of Newmore[4]
Munro of Kilmorack[4]
Monro of Allan[4]
Munro of Culnauld or Culnaha[4]
Munro of Tarlogie[4]
Munro of Pitlunde and Bearcrofts[4]
Munro of Craiglockhart and Cockburn[4]
Munro of Edmondsham[4]
Munro of Fearn[4]
Munro of Ingsdon[4]
Munro of Coul and Balcony[4]
Munro of Erribol[4]
Munro of Culcraggie[4]
Munro of Ferrytown of Obsdale[4]
Munro of Milntown of Katewell[4]
Munro of Ardullie[4]
Munro of Teanoird[4]
Munro of Tain[4]
Munro of Milntown of Alness[4]
Munro of Teaninich[4]
Munro of Contullich and Kildermorie[4]
Munro of Tullochue and Knockancurin[4]
Munro of Assynt[4]
Munro of Achany[4]
Munro of Katewell[4]
Munro of Limlair (Lemlair)[4]
Munro of Pittonachy[4]
Munro of Novar[4]
Munro of Rhives[4]
Munro of Findon[4]
Munro of Braemore[4]
Munro of Poyntzfield[4]
Munro of Lealty (Rockfield)[4]
Munro of Le xing ton (American)[4]
Munro of New England (American)[4]
See also:
Munro baronets
Allied clans
Rival clans
Kindreds

Clan Munro(listenⓘ;Scottish Gaelic:Clann an Rothaich[ˈkʰl̪ˠãũn̪ˠəˈrˠɔhɪç]) is a HighlandScottish clan.Historically the clan was based inEaster Rossin theScottish Highlands.Traditional origins of the clan give its founder as Donald Munro who came from the north ofIrelandand settled in Scotland in the eleventh century, though its true founder may have lived much later.[5]It is also a strong tradition that the Munro chiefs supportedRobert the Bruceduring theWars of Scottish Independence.The first proven clan chief on record however is Robert de Munro who died in 1369; his father is mentioned but not named in a number of charters. The clan chiefs originally held land principally at Findon on theBlack Islebut exchanged it in 1350 for Estirfowlys. Robert's son Hugh who died in 1425 was the first of the family to be styled "of Foulis",despite which clan genealogies describe him as 9th baron.

During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the Munrosfeudedwith their neighbors the Clan Mackenzie, and during the seventeenth century many Munros fought in theThirty Years' Warin support ofProtestantism.During theScottish Civil Warof the seventeenth century different members of the clan supported theRoyalistsandCovenantersat different times. The Munro chiefs supported theGlorious Revolutionof 1688 and during theJacobite risingsof the eighteenth century the clan and the chiefs were staunchly anti-Jacobite, supporting the Hanoverian-British Government.

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

Traditional origins[edit]

Traditionally the Munros came fromIrelandand settled inScotlandin the 11th century under chiefDonald Munro,son ofÓ Catháinor O'Kain, an Irish chief.[6]Donald Munro was granted lands for services rendered toMalcolm II of Scotlandin defeating the Danes (Vikings).[7]From this Donald Munro the clan lands have since been known asFerindonald,meaningDonald's lands.[8][6]Ferindonaldis a narrow strip of land running for eight miles along the northern shore of theCromarty FirthfromDingwalltoAlness.[9]There were also small pockets of Munros inSutherlandin the far north,[10]and some Munros established themselves south of the Cromarty Firth on theBlack Isle.[10]

According to the same traditional sources Donald Munro's grandson, Hugh Munro, was the first Munro to be authentically designated Baron of Foulis; he died in 1126. A reliable scholar,Alexander Nisbet,stated thatGeorge Munro, 5th Baron of Foulisreceived a charter from theEarl of Sutherlandduring the reign ofAlexander II of Scotland,but this charter cannot be traced.[11]However,George Martine of Clermont(1635–1712) reported[12]that the founder was a brother of Áine Ni Catháin, known to have marriedAonghus Óg Mac Domhnaill of Islayabout 1300, both being children ofCú Maighe na nGall Ó Catháin.Áine is said to have been accompanied, as part of her tocher (dowry), by many men of different surnames. The genealogist and lexicographerDavid Kelleyargues that if a brother of Àine, this places "Donald" in the late 13th century. Kelley also speculates that the "Donald le fiz Kan" granted £10 per annum by the Treasury of Scotland in 1305,[13]is the same man, with a Norman-Scots rendition of Domnall O'Cathain.

DNA studies show that about a fifth of contemporary Munro men tested have a common patrilineal ancestor ofY chromosomeHaplogroup I2a-P37.2,but this minority includes documented descendants of two sons of Hugh Munro of Foulis, "9th baron": George Munro 10th baron, and John Munro of Milntown.[14]Hence Hugh, who died in 1425, must also have borne this Y chromosome. While these findings do not exclude a much earlier founder, the degree of subsequent variation in male Munros of this haplogroup suggests a common ancestor in about the 14th century. DNA studies also indicate shared patrilineal ancestry in the first millennium with several families whose documented ancestry is from South West Ireland, most notably the Driscolls of Cork,[14]consistent with the Munro tradition of Irish origins.

Wars of Scottish Independence[edit]

By tradition, during theWars of Scottish Independence,chiefRobert Munro, 6th Baron of Foulisled the clan in support ofRobert the Bruceat theBattle of Bannockburnin 1314.[15]Robert Munro survived the battle but his son, George, was killed. George however had already had a son of his own, also called George, who succeeded his grandfather Robert as chief and led the clan at theBattle of Halidon Hillin 1333 where he died.[15]

Recorded origins[edit]

The clan nameMunro,which inGaelicisRothach,Roich,orMac an Rothaich,meansRo - ManorMan from Ro,and supports the traditional origin of the clan in theRiver Roearea in Ireland. However this tradition only exists in writing from the late 17th century.[16]The first chief of Clan Munro documented by contemporary evidence isRobert de Munro(traditionally the 8th Baron) who died in 1369.[17]He was married to a relative of theEarl of Rossand had many charters confirmed to him underDavid II of Scotlandincluding one in 1350 for the "Tower of Strathskehech" and "Estirfowlys".[18]The "de" particle wasNormanfor "of", and thus suggests some Norman influence. The Normans introduced thefeudal systemto Scotland and the Clan Munro Association states that the Munros made the transition fromCelticchiefs to feudal lords, but it is not clear when this occurred.[19]Robert de Munro was killed in an obscure skirmish fighting in defence ofUilleam III, Earl of Rossin 1369.[15]His son, Hugh Munro, was also granted many charters including one in respect of the "Tower of Strathschech" and "Wesstir Fowlys" byEuphemia I, Countess of Rossin 1394.[15]

It is a common misconception that every person who bears a clan's name is a lineal descendant of the chiefs.[20]Many clansmen although not related to the chief took the chief's surname or a variant of it as their own to show solidarity, for basic protection or for much needed sustenance.[20][21]

15th century and clan conflicts[edit]

The Eagle Stone,said to commemorate a Munro battle.[22]

In 1411 a major feud broke out betweenRobert Stewart, Duke of AlbanyandDomhnall of Islay, Lord of the Islesover the Earldom of Ross. This resulted in theBattle of Harlawwhere chiefHugh Munro, 9th Baron of Foulisrose up in support of theLord of the Isles.[23]The Munros are said to have fought in the Lord of the Isles 'host' against an army of Scottish Lowlanders led byAlexander Stewart, Earl of Mar.[24]In 1428 a group of Munros were granted remission by KingJames I of Scotlandfor past offences when he came toInvernessto assert his authority in the Highlands.[25]

In 1452, there was a rebellion by a force of tribes loyal toMackenzie of Kintailwho had taken as hostage the Earl of Ross's nephew. This resulted in theBattle of Bealach nam Broig,fought north-west ofBen Wyvis,where the Munros andDingwallsrescued the Ross hostage and exterminated their enemies but with a great loss of their own men.[26]Two years later in 1454John Munro, 1st of Milntown,uncle of the next chief, led the Clan Munro on a raid intoPerthshire;on their return, they were ambushed by theClan Mackintoshwhich resulted in theBattle of Clachnaharry.[27]

In 1495, King James of Scotland assembled an army atGlasgowand many of the Highland chiefs made their submissions to him, including the Munro and Mackenzie chiefs. In 1497,MacDonald of Lochalshrebelled against the king, invading the lands of Ross-shire where, according to early 19th-century historianDonald Gregory,he was defeated at theBattle of Drumchatt (1497)by the Munros and Mackenzies.[28]However late 19th-century historianAlexander Mackenziedisputes the Munros' presence at the battle of 1497, quoting 17th-century historianSir Robert Gordonwhose account does not include the Munros.[29]Alexander Mackenzie states that the Munros and Mackenzies actually fought each other atDrumchatt in 1501.[30]

In 1500, theMunros of Milntownbegan construction ofMilntown Castle,which was opposed by the Rosses as being too close to theirBalnagown Castle.[31]

16th century and clan conflicts[edit]

AVictorian era,romanticiseddepiction of a member of the clan byR. R. McIan,fromThe Clans of the Scottish Highlands,published in 1845.

In the early 16th century a rebellion broke out byDomhnall Dubh,chief of Clan MacDonald, against the king. The MacDonalds were no longer Lords of the Isles or Earls of Ross. Cameron of Lochiel supported the rebel Domhnall Dubh. In 1502, a commission was given to the Earl of Huntly, the Lord Lovat, and William Munro of Foulis to proceed toLochaberagainst the rebels.[32]There in 1505 William Munro of Foulis, whilst on "the King's business" was killed by Cameron of Lochiel.[33]It is Clan Cameron tradition that they defeated a joint force of Munros and Mackays at theBattle of Achnashellachin 1505.[34]Domhnall Dubh was captured in 1506 and Ewen Cameron was later executed.[35]

On 30 April 1527, abond of friendshipwas signed atInvernessbetween: Chief Hector Munro of Foulis; John Campbell ofCawdor,theKnight of Calder;Hector Mackintosh of Mackintosh, Chief ofClan Mackintosh,captain ofClanchattan;Hugh Rose ofKilravock,Chief ofClan Rose;and"Donald Ilis of Sleat".[36]In 1529 a charter was signed between chief Hector Munro, 13th Baron of Foulis and Lord Fraser of Lovat to assist and defend each other.[37]

In 1544Robert Munro, 14th Baron of Foulissigned a bond of kindness and alliance with the chief ofClan Rossof Balnagowan.[38]The Foulis Writs hint that in 1534James V of Scotlandwas aware of the Munros as a fighting force.[33]A little later in 1547, Robert Munro, 14th Baron of Foulis "with his friends and followers having gone to resist the English who invaded Scotland", was killed at theBattle of Pinkie Cleugh.[33]In 1549,Donald Monro,Dean of the Isles, visitedFinlaggan Castle,seat of the chiefs ofClan Donald.[39][40]

Robert Mor Munro, 15th Baron of Fouliswas a staunch supporter and faithful friend ofMary, Queen of Scots,and consequently was treated favourably by her sonJames VI of Scotland.When Mary went toInverness Castlein 1562 the gates of the castle were shut against her. TheFrasersand Munros, esteemed the "bravest" clans in the north took the castle for the Queen in theSiege of Inverness (1562).[41]

Between 1569 and 1573Andrew Munro, 5th of Milntowndefended and held, for three years, theCastle Chanonry of Ross,which he had received from the Regent Moray who died in 1569, against the Clan MacKenzie, at the expense of many lives on both sides. The feud was settled when the castle was handed over to the Mackenzies by an "act of pacification".[42][43]In 1587, Foulis Castle's "tower and fortalice" are mentioned in a charter from the Crown.[44]In 1597, theBattle of Logiebridetook place between clansmen from the Clan Munro and theBain of Tullochfamily against clansmen from the Clan Mackenzie and the MacLeods ofRaasay.[45]

17th century[edit]

Thirty Years' War[edit]

During the early 17th century the Munros continued their strong military traditions, fighting in the continentalThirty Years' WarwhereRobert Munro, 18th Baron of Foulis,known as theBlack Baron,and 700 members of Clan Munro, along with many men from theClan Mackay,joined the army of Gustavus Adolphus, in defence of Protestantism in Scandinavia. Robert died of an infected wound in Ulm in 1633.[46]GeneralRobert Monroof the Obsdale branch, and cousin of the Black Baron, played a more prominent role. Robert's men served with distinction and received the name of the "Invincibles" in recognition of their prowess. His account of his experience during the Thirty Years' War was published asMonro, His Expedition With the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys.[46]There were 27 field officers and 11 captains of the name of Munro in the Swedish army.[47]

Bishops' Wars and Civil War[edit]

During theBishops' WarsGeneralRobert Monroof the Obsdale branch of the clan laid siege to and tookSpynie Palace,Drum CastleandHuntly Castle.From 1642 to 1648 he commanded the Scottish Covenanter army in Ireland during theIrish Confederate Wars.[48][49]There were several Munro officers in regiments that fought on theCovenanterside at theBattle of Philiphaughin 1645.[50]

SirGeorge Munro, 1st of Newmorewho fought in Ireland as a Covenanter later became a royalist after his uncle Robert Monro was imprisoned by Cromwell in 1648. In September 1648, George Munro'sEngagerCovenanter forces (who favoured the royalists) defeatedArchibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll'sKirk PartyCovenanter forces at theBattle of Stirling.[51][52]In 1649, ColonelJohn Munro of Lemlair,as a royalist, took part in theSiege of Inverness (1649).[53]On hearing of this rising,James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose,leader of royalist forces and his invading army of foreigners landed in Ross-shire, hoping for support from the clans. However, he was opposed by the Munros, Rosses and Sutherlands who then chose to support the Scottish Argyll Covenanter Government. The Munros, led by John Munro of Lemlair, together with their allies, comprehensively defeated the invading army at theBattle of Carbisdalein 1650.[54][55]HistorianCharles Ian Fraserstates that the clan had no cause to be hesitant about their part in this action and that some historians, such asJohn Buchanhave done less than justice to it.[56] By 1651 the Scottish Covenantor Government had become disillusioned with the English parliament and supported the royalists instead.William Munroewas one of four Munroes captured at theBattle of Worcesterand transported to America.[57]The Restorationof Charles II took place in 1660. The then chief's brother,George Munro, 1st of Newmorecommanded the king's forces in Scotland from 1674 to 1677.[58]

In 1689, chiefSir John Munro, 4th Baronetwas one of the Scottish representatives who approved the formal offer of the Scottish Crown toWilliam of Orangeand his Queen.[59]In the same yearGeorge Munro, 1st of Auchinbowie,commanded royalist forces that defeated the Jacobites at theBattle of Dunkeld.[59][60]

18th century[edit]

After QueenElizabeth I of Englanddied without an heir, KingJames VI of Scotlandalso became King of England in theUnion of the Crownsin 1603. Just over a century later in 1707 the parliaments of England and Scotland were also united in theActs of Union 1707to form theKingdom of Great Britain.

Jacobite rising of 1715[edit]

In what is known as theSkirmish of Alness,during theJacobite Rising of 1715,William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforthled a force of 3000 men in support of the Jacobites, where they forced the retreat of a smaller force that was loyal to the British Government which was commanded by theEarl of Sutherlandand included the Munros led bySir Robert Munro, 6th Baronetof Foulis, as well as the Mackays and Rosses who were led byLord Reay.[61]Much of the Ross's lands were ravaged and the Munros returned to find their lands plundered.[61][62][63]This was fully retaliated by the Munros who then raided the Mackenzie lands in theSiege of Brahan.[64][63]

TheSiege of Inverness (1715)was brought to an end when the Mackenzie Jacobite garrison surrendered toFraser of Lovaton the same day that theBattle of Sheriffmuirwas fought and another Jacobite force was defeated at theBattle of Preston.Colonel Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronet of Foulis then marched into the town of Inverness with 400 Munros and took over control as governor from Fraser. Government troops soon arrived in Inverness and for some months the process of disarming the rebels went on, assisted by a Munro detachment underGeorge Munro, 1st of Culcairn.[40]

The clan rivalries which had erupted in rebellion were finding an outlet in local politics. Mackenzie'sEarl of Seaforthtitle came to an end in 1716, and it was arranged that whileClan Rossheld the county parliamentary seat the Munros would represent theTain Burghs.Ross ascendancy was secure in Tain, and from 1716 to 1745 the Munros controlled the county town ofDingwall,with one of Robert Munro's brothers as provost, although there were two armed Munro "invasions" of the town in 1721 and 1740, when opposing councillors were abducted to secure a favourable result (for the first incident Colonel Robert and his brother were fined £200 each, and after the second his parliamentary career came to an abrupt end with defeat at the 1741 election).Sir Robert Munro, 5th Baronet's younger son,George Munro, 1st of Culcairnraised anIndependent Highland Companyfrom his father's clan to fight at theBattle of Glen Shielin 1719 where they defeated the Jacobites.[63][65]

Black Watch and war against France[edit]

Black Watch tartan in the Clan Munro exhibition at the Storehouse of Foulis

General Wade's report on the Highlands in 1724 estimated the combined clan strength of the Munros and Rosses at 700 men.[66]In 1725, six Independent Highland Companies were formed: one of Munros, one of Frasers, one of Grants and three of Campbells. These companies were known by the nameAm Freiceadan Dubh,or the Black Watch. By 1740 it had become the43rd Highland regimentand was later renumbered the 42nd. Sir Robert Munro was appointed lieutenant-colonel. Among the captains were his next brother,George Munro, 1st of Culcairn,andJohn Munro, 4th of Newmore,promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1745. The surgeon of the regiment was Robert's younger brother, Dr Duncan Munro.[40]

Their first action came on 11 May 1745, at theBattle of Fontenoy.Allowed "their own way of fighting", each time they received the French fire Col. Sir Robert Munro ordered his men to "clap to the ground" while he himself, because of his corpulence, stood alone with the colours behind him. For the first time in a European battle, they introduced a system of infantry tactics (alternately firing and taking cover) that has not been superseded. Springing up and closing with the enemy, they several times drove them back, and finished with a successful rearguard action against the French cavalry.[40][67][68]

Jacobite rising of 1745[edit]

Letter toLord Albemarledated 23 October 1746 that readsYesterday there was a meeting of theCameronsabout five miles from this,Lochiel'sbrother was there & the person who tells me of it says, they have resolved to lay hold on the villain who murdered (George Munro of) Culcairn and give him up to the Justice when found, unless this be done they expect a visit from the whole race of Monros(Munros).[69]

In June, 1745, a month after the Battle of Fontenoy,Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronetwas "rewarded" by an appointment to succeed General Ponsonby as Colonel of theEnglish 37th Regiment of Foot.[68]When the Jacobite rising of 1745 broke out, Robert's friends in the Highlands hoped for his presence among them. One wrote that it would have been "the greatest service to His Majesty and the common cause", but it was not to be. The Munros supported the British Government during the Jacobite risings.

Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronet had been fighting at the secondBattle of Falkirk (1746)when, according to the account of the rebels, the English 37th Regiment that he was commanding ran away and he was surrounded and attacked by seven Cameron Jacobites; he killed at least two with hishalf-pikebefore being shot by a Jacobite commander with a pistol.[68]The Jacobites wished to do special honour to their opponent: they (the Macdonalds),[68]buried Robert in the grave of SirJohn de Grahamwho died at the firstBattle of Falkirk (1298).The graves can be seen in Falkirk churchyard.[40][68]

Robert's son,Sir Harry Munro, 7th Baronet,who served as an officer inLoudon's Highlanders,had been captured at theBattle of Prestonpansin September, 1745. He returned home to find Foulis Castle had been partially destroyed by Jacobites after the Battle of Falkirk. A few months after Falkirk the Jacobites were finally defeated at theBattle of Cullodenby government forces. After the rising was suppressed, a Munro Independent Company under Harry continued to police the Highlands but was disbanded in 1748. Harry set about rebuilding the castle as it is today, incorporating what he could of the original building which now appears as a mansion house built in a formal Georgian style rather than the defensive fort it once was.[65]

In 1754, LieutenantHector Munro, 8th of Novarwas ordered toBadenochto apprehend certain rebels in that district, with special instructions to apprehendJohn Dubh Cameron,better known as "Sergent Mor" of Clan Cameron, who he successfully captured.[70]

Later clansmen[edit]

British Empire and military

SirHector Munro, 8th of Novar(1726–1805),Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet of Lindertis(1761 to 1827) andJohn Munro, 9th of Teaninich(b.1778) were Scottish Generals in the British Army who had great success in India.James Munro (VC)was a Scottish recipient of theVictoria Crossduring theCrimean War.

Mountaineering

Sir Hugh Munro, 4th Baronet(of Lindertis) (1856–1919) was a founding member of theScottish Mountaineering Cluband produced the firstscientific list of all the mountains in Scotland over 3000 ftwhich are known asMunros.

Science and medicine

Four direct generations, from the distinguishedAuchinbowie-Bearcroftsbranch of the clan:John Munro (surgeon),Alexander Monro (primus),Alexander Monro (secundus)andAlexander Monro (tertius)were professors of anatomy atEdinburgh University.From theMonro of Fyrishbranch of the clan four generations occupied successively the position of (Principal) Physician ofBethlem Royal Hospital.

Academia

John U. Monro,dean ofHarvard College,was a member of the tenth generation of theLe xing ton, Massachusettsbranch of Clan Munro.[71]His youngest brother[72]Sutton Monroco-developed theRobbins–Monro algorithmwith his doctoral advisorHerbert Robbins.[73][74]

Fifth President of the United States of America

PresidentJames Monroe(April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was the great-great-grandson of Patrick Andrew Monroe who emigrated from Scotland to the United States in the mid seventeenth century. At the time, the spelling of surnames was not standardized, and Monroe is simply another spelling of Munro. He is believed to have been descended fromRobert Munro, 14th Baron of Foulis.[75]

Clergy[edit]

The Munros were also prominent members of the Scottish clergy in the north of Scotland.Andrew Munro(d.1454) wasArchdeacon of Rossand for a short timeBishop of Ross.[76]Sir Donald Monrowas Dean of the Isles and in 1549 wrote theDescription of the Western Isles of Scotland.[77]John Munro of Tain(d.1630) was a Presbyterian minister.[78]Rev. Robert Munro (1645–1704) was a Catholic priest who was persecuted for his beliefs and died in imprisonment.[79]

Castles[edit]

Foulis Castle

Chiefs[edit]

Main article:Chiefs of Clan Munro

The succession of aHighland Chiefhas traditionally followed the principle ofagnatic primogenitureorpatrilineal seniority,whereby succession passes to the former Chief's closest male relative.Sir Hugh Munro, 8th Baronetof Foulis died in 1848, followed 8 months later by the death of his daughter Mary Seymour Munro and although he had a natural son named George, he was succeeded in the Foulis estates and also the Baronetcy of Foulis by the male representative of theMunro of Culraincadet branch,Sir Charles Munro, 9th Baronet.The 11th Baronet Foulis was succeeded by his eldest daughter Eva Marion Munro as chief of the clan, two sons having predeceased him. Eva Marion Munro married Col C. H. Gascoigne, and their son Patrick took the surname 'Munro' of his maternal grandfather to become clan chief.[82]However, the Nova Scotian Baronetcy of Foulis (1634) could only pass to a direct male descendant of the Baronets and was succeeded to by a cousin of the 11th Bart. Sir George Hamilton Munro, 12th Baronet (1864–1945). In 1954, Sir Arthur Herman Munro, 14th baronet, registered the Arms and Designation of Foulis-Obsdale to distinguish them from those of Munro of Foulis.[83]The current Baronet Munro of Foulis is listed as Dormant: Exant under research by the Standing Council of Baronets at barotonage.org.See Main Article:Munro Baronets.

Tartans[edit]

Tartan image Notes
MunroAncienttartan
Monroistartan as printed inVestiarium Scoticumin 1842

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abMac an Tàilleir, Iain."Ainmean Pearsanta"(docx).Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.Retrieved15 October2009.
  2. ^abcdeClan Munro Profilescotclans. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnoScots Kith & Kin.HarperCollins.2014. p. 81.ISBN9780007551798.
  4. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarMackenzie, Alexander (1898),pp. ix–x.
  5. ^Kelley, David H. (1969),pp. 65–78.
  6. ^abFraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 16.
  7. ^Mackenzie, Alexander (1898),p. 6.
  8. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 5.
  9. ^Gracie, James (1997),p. 12.
  10. ^abGracie, James (1997),p. 13.
  11. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 16;Nisbet, Alexander. (1722),p. 350
  12. ^Martine, George (1900),pp. 36–40.
  13. ^Moor, C (1905),p. 45.
  14. ^abMunro, Colin (December 2015)."The Deep Ancestry of the Munros"(PDF).Newsletter of the Clan Munro (Association) Australia.Vol. 13, no. 3. Australia: Clan Munro (Association) Australia. pp. 4–5.Retrieved12 January2019.
  15. ^abcdFraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 17.
  16. ^Clan Munro Information Sheetsclanmunro.org.uk. Retrieved 09, February 2013
  17. ^Munro, R.W (1978),pp. 2 - 3 - on opposite unnumbered page - paragraph K.
  18. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),pp. 16–18.
  19. ^Clan Munro magazine. No. 26. Published by the Clan Munro Association. 2012. p. 15.
  20. ^abscotlandspeople.gov.uk."Clan-based surnames".Scotland's People. Archived fromthe originalon 14 June 2019.Retrieved29 May2017.
  21. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 15.
  22. ^Gracie, James (1997),pp. 18–19.
  23. ^Munro, James Phinney (1900),p. 14.
  24. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 19. Quoting:MacDonald, Hugh. (1914),p. 30
  25. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 19
  26. ^Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656),p. 36.
  27. ^Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656),pp. 46–47.
  28. ^Gregory, Donald (1836),p. 92.
  29. ^Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656),p. 77.
  30. ^Mackenzie, Alexander (1898),pp. 28–34.
  31. ^Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656),p. 146.
  32. ^Gregory, Donald (1836),p. 97.
  33. ^abcFraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 21.
  34. ^Battle of Achnashellachclan-cameron.org. Retrieved 09, February 2013.
  35. ^Stewart, John (1974).
  36. ^Innes, Cosmo and Campbell, John (1859),pp. 167–168.
  37. ^Mackenzie, Alexander (1898),p. 36.
  38. ^The Scottish Clans and Their Tartans. p. 79. Library Edition. Published by W. & A. K. Johnston, Limited. Edinburgh and London. 1885.
  39. ^Why Finlaggan?Archived6 February 2008 at theWayback Machinefinlaggan. Retrieved 09, February 2013.
  40. ^abcdeAnderson, William (1836),pp. 213–218.
  41. ^Buchanan, George (1579),p. 461.
  42. ^Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656),p. 155.
  43. ^Keltie, John (1885),p. 92;Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656),p. 154
  44. ^Munro, R.W (1978),p. iii.
  45. ^Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656),p. 236.
  46. ^abMonro, Robert (1637).
  47. ^Mackay, John (1885);Monro, Robert (1637)
  48. ^Mackay, John (1885).
  49. ^Buchan, John (1928),p. 354.
  50. ^Munro, R.W (1978),p. 12 - on opposite unnumbered page - paragraph M/56.
  51. ^"Battle of Stirling@ScotsWars".Archived fromthe originalon 14 April 2005.
  52. ^Henderson, Thomas Finlayson (1894).Quoting:Rushworth, John (17th century),p. 1276
  53. ^Roberts, John L (2000),p. 106.
  54. ^Roberts, John L (2000),p. 110.
  55. ^Battle of CarbisdaleArchived27 October 2012 at theWayback Machinescotwars. Retrieved 09, February 2013.
  56. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 26;Buchan, John (1928),p. 354
  57. ^Munro, Richard, S.
  58. ^Way, George of Plean and Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw (1994),p. 283.
  59. ^abFraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 26.
  60. ^Inglis, John (1911),pp. 40–44.
  61. ^abSage, Donald (1789),pp. 4–5.
  62. ^Rose, D. Murray (1897),p. 73.
  63. ^abcFraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 27.
  64. ^Fraser, James of Castle Leathers (1696–1737),pp. 78–80.
  65. ^abClan Munro Magazine No. 14 by R. W. Munro
  66. ^Johnston, Thomas Brumby (1899),p. 26.
  67. ^Fraser, C. I of Reelig (1954),p. 28.
  68. ^abcdeMcNie, Alan (1986),pp. 24–26.
  69. ^"Return of Loudoun's Regiment and 2 Independent Companies, quartered in the Highlands". Ref:SP 54/34/4E,The National Archives,Kew,Richmond,Greater London.
  70. ^Mackenzie, Alexander (1898),pp. 515–536.
  71. ^Capossela, Toni-Lee (17 December 2012).John U. Monro: Uncommon Educator.Louisiana State University Press.pp. 6–7.ISBN9780807145562.
  72. ^"Sutton Monro, former engineering professor at Lehigh University".The Morning Call.7 March 1995.Archivedfrom the original on 6 November 2020.Retrieved14 May2021.
  73. ^Robbins, Herbert;Monro, Sutton (1951)."A Stochastic Approximation Method".The Annals of Mathematical Statistics.22(3): 400–407.doi:10.1214/aoms/1177729586.ISSN0003-4851.JSTOR2236626.
  74. ^Groover, Mikell (2010).History of the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Lehigh University,1924–2010(PDF)(Report). p. 20.Archived(PDF)from the original on 16 May 2021.Retrieved16 May2021.
  75. ^Monroe, Horace, Canon of Southwark (1929).Foulis Castle and the Monroes of Lower Iveagh.London: Mitchell Hughes and Clarke.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  76. ^Dowden, John (1912),p. 218.
  77. ^Ross, Alexander (1884),pp. 142–144.
  78. ^Mackenzie, Alexander (1898),p. 410 - 413.
  79. ^McHardy, Stuart (2006),pp. 134–138.
  80. ^abcdefghCoventry, Martin (2008),p. 441.
  81. ^Mackenzie, Alexander (1898),p. 350.
  82. ^"The Chief".
  83. ^Adam, F. (1970).The Clans, Septs & Regiments of the Scottish Highlands(8th ed.). Clearfield.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clan_Munro&oldid=1227187668"