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Coadjutor bishop

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Not to be confused with the title ofauxiliary bishop,a similar position.
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Acoadjutor bishop(orbishop coadjutor) is a bishop in theCatholic,Anglican,and (historically)Eastern Orthodoxchurches whose main role is to assist thediocesan bishopin the administration of the diocese.[1][2]The coadjutor (literally, "co-assister" in Latin) is a bishop himself, although he is also appointed asvicar general.The coadjutor bishop is, however, given authority beyond that ordinarily given to the vicar general, making him co-head of the diocese in all but ceremonial precedence. In modern times, the coadjutor automatically succeeds the diocesan bishop upon the latter's retirement, removal, or death.

Catholic Church

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Main article:Bishop (Catholic Church)

In theCatholic Church,a coadjutor is a bishop with papal appointment as an immediate collaborator of the diocesan bishop in the governance of a diocese, with authority to substitute for the diocesan bishop in his absence and right to automatic succession to thediocesan seeupon death, resignation, or transfer of the incumbent diocesan bishop (Canon 403§3).[3]

The diocesan bishopmustappoint the coadjutor asvicar generalandmust"entrust to him before others" acts that require a special mandate (Canon 406§1).[4]The coadjutor holds the title of "Coadjutor" of the see, and the coadjutor of an archdiocese has status as an archbishop.

Somesui jurisEastern Catholic Churchesalso appoint coadjutors, but the manner of choosing them follows the norm of the particular law of each church for election or appointment of its bishops. Thus, the patriarchal or major archiepiscopal synods of the largersui jurisritual churches typically elect coadjutors, with papal assent, while the pope typically appoints coadjutors in the smallersui jurisritual churches personally. The coadjutor of an eparchy, archeparchy, ormetropolishas the respective status of an eparch, archeparch, or metropolitan.

Particular churches that are not dioceses also may have coadjutors. Perhaps one of the more widely known examples is the appointment ofFernando Arêas Rifanas Coadjutor of thePersonal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianneyin 2002, less than a year after the reconciliation of the former Priestly Union of Saint John Mary Vianney formed this particular church.[5]

In modern church practice, the normal reason for appointment of a coadjutor is to begin an orderly transition with declining health or expected retirement of a diocesan bishop. For example, BishopDennis Marion Schnurrof theDiocese of Duluth,Minnesota,was named Coadjutor Archbishop of theArchdiocese of Cincinnati,Ohio,in 2008 to succeed aging ArchbishopDaniel Edward Pilarczyk.[6]However, other situations do arise—a coadjutor may have authority to override the diocesan bishop with respect to a matter of public scandal, mismanagement, or other some problem that does not warrant removal from office. Therevised Code of Canon Lawstipulates that all coadjutors have right of succession, while providing for the appointment of an auxiliary bishop "with special faculties" in lieu of a coadjutor when automatic succession is not indicated.[7]

The1917 edition of the Code of Canon Lawdistinguished between coadjutor bishopscum jure succesionis( "with the right of succession" ) and those without, so coadjutors were sometimes appointed without such a right, usually as archbishops in particularly large dioceses who also held other important posts and to honor certain auxiliary bishops. For an example of a coadjutor without right of succession, seeJohn J. Maguire,coadjutor archbishop of New York (1965-1980).[citation needed]

Anglican Communion

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In someprovincesof theAnglican Communion,a bishop coadjutor (the form usually used) is a bishop elected or appointed to follow the current diocesan bishop upon the incumbent's death or retirement. For example, in theEpiscopal Church in the United States of America,when a diocesan bishop announces the intent to retire they may call for a special diocesan convention to elect a coadjutor with whom they will serve jointly for a period of time. At the death or retirement of the diocesan, the coadjutor becomes the diocesan bishop.[8]

A "bishop suffragan" is elected to assist the Diocesan Bishop and to serve under the Diocesan's direction, but without inherent right of succession.[9]

There have been bishops coadjutor in theAnglican Church of Australiawithout the right of succession to the diocesan see.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Patrich, Joseph (2001).The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present.Peeters Publishers.ISBN9789042909762.
  2. ^Hamilton, Bernard (2016-12-05).The Latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church.Routledge.ISBN9781351887052.
  3. ^Saunders, William P. "What is the difference between an ordinary, auxiliary, and coadjutor bishop?", Catholic Straight Answers
  4. ^"Appointing Bishops", USCCB
  5. ^"Rinunce e Nomine, 28.06.2002"(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 28 June 2002.Retrieved21 September2021.
  6. ^Price, Bill (October 17, 2008). "Vatican Names Future Replacement For Pilarczyk".WCPO-TV.
  7. ^Canon 403 §2 and §3,Codex juris canonici,1983.
  8. ^"Bishop Coadjutor".The Episcopal Church.Retrieved2022-06-12.
  9. ^"How many different types of bishops are there?", The Episcopal Diocese of Texas
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