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Coffy

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For other uses, seeCoffy (disambiguation).

Coffy
Theatrical release poster by George Akimoto[1]
Directed byJack Hill
Written byJack Hill
Produced byRobert Papazian
Starring
CinematographyPaul Lohmann
Edited byChuck McClelland
Music byRoy Ayers
Production
company
Distributed byAmerican International Pictures
Release date
  • May 13, 1973(1973-05-13)(Chicago)[2]
Running time
91 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$500,000[3]
Box office$4 million(US/Canada rentals)[4][5]or $2 million[6]

Coffyis a 1973 Americanblaxploitationactionfilm written and directed byJack Hill.The story is about a black femalevigilanteplayed byPam Grierwho seeks violent revenge against a heroin dealer responsible for her sister's addiction.[7]

Produced and distributed byAmerican International Pictures(AIP),Coffywas the third Jack Hill film to star Grier, afterThe Big Doll HouseandThe Big Bird Cage.Grier would go on to boost her career as the leading "femme fatale" of blaxploitation for the rest of the 1970s.[8][9]

Plot[edit]

Anemergency roomnurse named Flower Child Coffin—usually referred to as "Coffy" —seeks revenge against the people responsible for her younger sister Lubelle'sheroinaddiction and the widespread violence in her city. Under the guise of a prostitute willing to do anything for a drug fix, she lures a drug pusher and a mob Boss to their residences, killing them. After she exacts her revenge, Coffy returns to her job at a localLos Angeleshospital.

After her shift, Coffy's police friend Carter offers to drive her home. Carter is a straight-shooting officer who is not willing to bend the law for the mob or the thugs who have been bribing officers at his precinct. Coffy doesn't believe his strong moral resolve until two hooded men break into Carter's house while she's visiting him and beat Carter, crippling him. This enrages Coffy, giving her further provocation to continue her work as a vigilante, killing those responsible for harming Carter and her sister.

Coffy's boyfriend, Howard Brunswick, is a city councilman. Coffy admires Brunswick for his contributions to the community. Brunswick announces his plan to run forCongressand his purchase of a night club. Coffy's next targets are a pimp named King George, one of the largest suppliers of prostitutes and illegal drugs in the city, and Mafia don Arturo Vitroni, a criminal associate of George's.

Coffy questions a former patient, a known drug user, to gain insight into the type of woman King George likes and where he keeps his stash of drugs. Coffy shows no sympathy for the drug-addled woman and abuses her as she looks for answers. With the information she gets from the woman, Coffy tracks down George and poses as a Jamaican woman looking to trick for him.

George, immediately interested in her exotic nature, hires her. One of the prostitutes becomes jealous. Later that day, Coffy and the other prostitutes get into a massive brawl. Coffy wins, which attracts mob Boss Vitroni, who demands to have her that night. Coffy plans to kill Vitroni, but before she can shoot him, his men overtake her. She lies and tells Vitroni that King George ordered her to kill him, which makes Vitroni order George to be killed. Vitroni's men kill George by lynching him by the neck from his car, which they drive through an open field.

Coffy then discovers Brunswick, her clean-cut boyfriend, is corrupt when she's shown to him at a meeting of the mob and several police officials. He denies knowing her other than as a prostitute, and Coffy is sent to her death. Coffy seduces her would-be killers. They try injecting her with drugs to sedate her, but she had replaced the illicit drugs with a sugar solution earlier. Faking a high, she kills her unsuspecting hitman with a pointed metal wire she fashioned herself and hid in her hair, by stabbing him in thejugular vein.

Running to avoid capture, Coffycarjacksa vehicle to escape. Coffy drives to Vitroni's house, kills him, and then goes to Brunswick's to do the same. He pleads for forgiveness and just as she is about to accept, a naked white woman comes out of his bedroom. Coffy shoots Brunswick in the groin with ashotgun,emasculatingand killing him. She leaves the house and walks along the beach as the sun rises.

Cast[edit]

Production[edit]

According to writer/director Hill, the project began whenAmerican International Pictures(AIP)'s head of productionLarry Gordonlost the rights to the filmCleopatra Jonesafter making a handshake deal with the producers. Gordon subsequently approached Hill to quickly make a movie about an African-American woman's revenge and beatCleopatra Jonesto market. Hill wanted to work withPam Grier,whom he had worked with onThe Big Doll House(1971). The film ended up earning more money thanCleopatra Jonesand established Grier as an icon of the genre.[10]

Coffyis notable in its depiction of a strong black female lead, something rare in the genre at the time, and also in its then-unfashionable anti-drug message.[11][12]

Soundtrack[edit]

Main article:Coffy(soundtrack)

Release[edit]

Marketing[edit]

The film's tagline in advertising was "They call her 'Coffy' and she'llcreamyou! "[13]

Theatrical run[edit]

Coffyopened at theChicago Theatrein Chicago, Illinois, and grossed $85,000 in its opening week.[14][15]In its 14th week of release, it reachednumber one at the US box office.[16]By 1976,Varietyestimated the film had earned $4 million in rentals.[4]

Reception[edit]

Coffyreceived mixed reviews at the time of its release.Roger Ebertof theChicago Sun-Timesgave the film two stars out of four, praising the film for its believable female lead and noting that Grier was an actress of "beautiful face and astonishing form" and that she possessed a kind of "physical life" missing from many other attractive actresses.[17]Gene Siskelgave the film zero stars out of four and called it "a stupid movie" with a "wooden performance" from Grier.[18]Fredric Milstein of theLos Angeles Timescalled it "very well-made, very filthy and obscenely violent," adding that director Hill "elicits convincing, interesting performances from everybody except Miss Grier, who reads her lines rather stiffly and childishly and who shouldn't be able to fool anyone—especially not the Prince of Pushers—with that phony Jamaican accent she uses when she goes undercover."[19]Varietywrote, "Jack Hill, who wrote and directs with an action-atuned hand, inserts plenty of realism in footage in which Pam Grier in title role ably acquits herself."[20]

Legacy[edit]

Over time, the film has garnered acclaim and is considered groundbreaking for its portrayal of a Black female protagonist.[12]On thereview aggregatorwebsiteRotten Tomatoes,Coffyhas an approval rating of 79% based on 24 critics' reviews, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The website's consensus states, "Pam Grier brings spunk and vinegar toCoffy,supported by director Jack Hill's combustible mixture of authentic grit and salacious thrills. "[21]Researcher Karen Ross wrote that the film "let black audiences enjoy the sight of heroes kicking the white system and winning even while condemning the violence and recognized the implausibility. It allowed blacks the ultimate escape to cheer on the heroine that fought corruption and crime and then leave the theatre to be blighted by the racism in society."[22]

Grier subsequently played similar characters in the AIP filmsFoxy Brown(1974),Friday FosterandSheba, Baby(both 1975).

Coffyis a favorite ofQuentin Tarantino,and he ranks it high among his top 20 best films.[23]He later hired Grier forJackie Brownin 1997, a film with clear inspiration from films likeCoffyandFoxy Brown.Tarantino said of the film poster: "Not only is it a great image of Pam Grier, it's got great type—it's the epitome of a great exploitation poster...and every version of it in foreign countries rocked."[23]

Coffyis recognized byAmerican Film Institutein these lists:

Canceled sequel[edit]

Due to sequels performing poorly at the box-office at the time, the sequel toCoffy(which had the titleBurn Coffy Burn) was scrapped and replaced withFoxy Brown.[13]

Home media[edit]

In 2003Coffywas released onDVD,[25]and re-released on DVD on December 6, 2005, as part of theVibeFox In A Box collection.[26]Both DVD editions contained an audio commentary by director Jack Hill.

In 2010 it was digitized in High Definition (1080i) and broadcast onMGM HD.In June 2015, a bare-bonesBlu-raywith no extras was issued from Olive Films in the United States (Region 1/A only).[27]

In April 2015, an extras-filled Blu-ray was issued fromArrow Videoin the UK (Region 2/B only).[28]Arrow's edition contained new interviews with Pam Grier and Jack Hill, "Blaxploitation!", a video essay by author Mikel J. Koven on the history and development of the genre, a booklet featuring new writing on the film by critic Cullen Gallagher, and a profile of Pam Grier by Yvonne D. Sims, author ofWomen in Blaxploitation,[12]illustrated with archive stills and posters.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Coffy / One sheet / Re-release/Reprint / USA".
  2. ^"Pam Grier has new role in 'Coffy'".The Chicago Defender.June 13, 1973. 21.
  3. ^Waddell 2009,p. 122.
  4. ^ab"All-time Film Rental Champs".Variety.January 7, 1976. p. 50.
  5. ^Arkoff, Samuel Z.; Turbo, Richard (1992).Flying Through Hollywood By the Seat of My Pants.Birch Lane Press. p. 202.
  6. ^Donahue, Suzanne Mary (1987).American film distribution: the changing marketplace.UMI Research Press. p. 301.ISBN9780835717762.Please note figures are for rentals in US and Canada
  7. ^Gary A. Smith,The American International Pictures Video Guide,McFarland 2009 p 40
  8. ^Ebert, Roger(December 27, 1997)."Icon of the '70s shifts into 2nd phase of career | Interviews".rogerebert.RetrievedJuly 18,2022.
  9. ^"Film Review: Coffy (1973)".December 18, 2019.
  10. ^Waddell 2009,pp. 117–139.
  11. ^"Coffy".Blerds Online.RetrievedJuly 18,2022.
  12. ^abcSims, Yvonne D. (2006), "Here comes the queen", in Sims, Yvonne D. (ed.),Women of blaxploitation: how the black action film heroine changed American popular culture,Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers, pp. 71–92,ISBN9780786427444.
  13. ^ab"Coffy".The Baltimore Afro-American.Baltimore, Maryland. May 26, 1973. p. 18.
  14. ^"Chi Perks: 'Coffy' Wow $85,000, 'Fury' Okay $30,000, 'Creek' Tidy 10G, 'Play' Bright $10,000, 'Tango' Sock 60G, 2d".Variety.May 16, 1973. p. 13.
  15. ^"50 Top-Grossing Films".Variety.May 23, 1973. p. 9.
  16. ^"50 Top-Grossing Films".Variety.August 22, 1973. p. 9.
  17. ^Ebert, Roger (June 13, 1973)."Coffy".rogerebert.RetrievedMay 11,2006.
  18. ^Siskel, Gene(May 18, 1973)."Of jungle gyms and soggy freaks...".Chicago Tribune.Section 2, p. 3.
  19. ^Milstein, Fredric (June 15, 1973). "Coffy Out to Get White Mafiosi".Los Angeles Times.Part IV, p. 19.
  20. ^"Film Reviews: Coffy".Variety.May 16, 1973. 32.
  21. ^"Coffy".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango Media.RetrievedFebruary 22,2024.
  22. ^Ross, Karen (January 23, 1996).Black and White Media: Black Images in Popular Film and Television.Wiley.ISBN978-0-7456-1127-3.
  23. ^abNashawaty, Chris (August 17, 2009)."Quentin Tarantino: 20 Movies—and Posters—You've Got to See!".Entertainment Weekly.Archived fromthe originalon May 25, 2011.RetrievedNovember 4,2014.
  24. ^"AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills Nominees"(PDF).American Film Institute. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 6, 2011.RetrievedAugust 20,2016.
  25. ^"Coffy".DVD Talk.RetrievedJanuary 30,2011.
  26. ^"Fox in a Box: Coffy. Foxy Brown, Sheba Baby".dvddrive-in.RetrievedJuly 18,2022.
  27. ^"Coffy Blu-ray".blu-ray.RetrievedJuly 18,2022.
  28. ^"Coffy".Arrow Films UK.RetrievedJuly 18,2022.

Bibliography[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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