Comparative officer ranks of World War II

The following table showscomparative officer ranks of World War II,with the ranks ofAllied powers,the majorAxis powersand various other countries and co-belligerents duringWorld War II.

Table[edit]

The rank insignia ofcommissioned officers.

Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
British Army^[1]
British Army^[1]	Field marshal		General		Lieutenant-general	Major-general	Brigadier^[a]	Colonel		Lieutenant-colonel	Major		Captain		Lieutenant		Second lieutenant		Officer cadet
Royal Air Force^[2]
Royal Air Force^[2]	Marshal of the RAF		Air chief marshal		Air marshal	Air vice-marshal	Air commodore	Group captain		Wing commander	Squadron leader		Flight lieutenant		Flying officer		Pilot officer/ Acting pilot officer		Officer cadet
Royal Navy^[3]
Royal Navy^[3]	Admiral of the Fleet		Admiral		Vice admiral	Rear admiral	Commodore^[a]	Captain		Commander	Lieutenant commander		Lieutenant		Sub lieutenant		Midshipman		Officer cadet
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Belgian Army&Military Aviation^[4]
Belgian Army&Military Aviation^[4]					Luitenant-generaal	Generaal-majoor		Kolonel		Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor		Kapitein-commandant	Kapitein	Luitenant		Onderluitenant
Belgian Naval Corps^[5]
Belgian Naval Corps^[5]								Kolonel		Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor		Kapitein-commandant	Kapitein	Luitenant		Onderluitenant
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Royal Bulgarian Army&Air Force^[6]^[7]
Royal Bulgarian Army&Air Force^[6]^[7]			Генерал-полковник General-pukovnik		Генерал-лейтенант General-leytenant	Генерал-майор General-mayor		Полковник Polkovnik		Подполковник Podpolkovnik	Майор Mayor		Капитан Kapitan		Старши лейтенант Starshi leytenant		Лейтенант Leytenant		Офицерски кандидатъ Ofitserski kandidat
Royal Bulgarian Navy^[8]
Royal Bulgarian Navy^[8]			Адмирал Admiral		Вицеадмирал Vitseadmiral	Контраадмирал Kontraadmiral		Капитан I ранг Kapitan I rang		Капитан II ранг Kapitan II rang	Капитан III ранг Kapitan III rang		Лейтенант Leytenant		Мичман I ранг Michman I rang		Мичман II ранг Michman II rang		Офицерски кандидатъ Ofitserski kandidat
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Republic of China National Army^[9]^[10]
Republic of China National Army^[9]^[10]	Đặc cấp thượng tướng Teji shang gian g		Một bậc thượng tướng Yījí shàngjiàng	Nhị cấp thượng tướng Èrjí shàngjiàng	Trung tướng Zhōngjiàng	Thiếu tướng Shàojiàng		Thượng giáo Shàngxiào		Trung giáo Zhōngxiào	Thiếu tá Shàoxiào		Thượng úy Shàngwèi		Trung úy Zhōngwèi	Thiếu úy Shàowèi		Chuẩn uý Zhunwei
Republic of China Air Force^[9]^[11]
Republic of China Air Force^[9]^[11]					Trung tướng Zhōngjiàng	Thiếu tướng Shàojiàng		Thượng giáo Shàngxiào		Trung giáo Zhōngxiào	Thiếu tá Shàoxiào		Thượng úy Shàngwèi		Trung úy Zhōngwèi	Thiếu úy Shàowèi
Republic of China Navy^[12]^[13]
Republic of China Navy^[12]^[13]			Một bậc thượng tướng Yījí shàngjiàng	Nhị cấp thượng tướng Èrjí shàngjiàng	Trung tướng Zhōngjiàng	Thiếu tướng Shàojiàng	Đại đem Dàijiàng	Thượng giáo Shàngxiào		Trung giáo Zhōngxiào	Thiếu tá Shàoxiào		Thượng úy Shàngwèi		Trung úy Zhōngwèi	Thiếu úy Shàowèi
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Czechoslovak Army^[14]
Czechoslovak Army^[14]					Armádní generál	Divisní generál	Brigádní generál	Plukovník		Podplukovník	Major	Štábní kapitán	Kapitán		Nadporučík	Poručík		Podporučík
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Royal Danish Army^[15]
Royal Danish Army^[15]			General		Generalløjtnant	Generalmajor		Oberst		Oberstløjtnant			Kaptajn	Kaptajnløjtnant	Premierløjtnant	Løjtnant		Sekondløjtnant
Royal Danish Navy^[15]
Royal Danish Navy^[15]			Admiral		Viceadmiral	Kontreadmiral		Kommandør		Kommandørkaptajn			Orlogskaptajn	Kaptajnløjtnant	Søløjtnant I	Løjtnant		Søløjtnant II
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Finnish Army&Air Force^[16]
Finnish Army&Air Force^[16]	Sotamarsalkka Fältmarskalk		Kenraali General		Kenraaliluutnantti Generallöjtnant	Kenraalimajuri Generalmajor		Eversti Överste		Everstiluutnantti Överstelöjtnant	Majuri Major		Kapteeni Kapten		Luutnantti Löjtnant		Vänrikki Fänrik		Upseerikokelas Officersaspirant			Upseerioppilas Officerselev
Finnish Navy^[16]
Finnish Navy^[16]			Amiraali Amiral		Vara-amiraali Viceamiral	Kontra-amiraali Konteramiral		Kommodori Kommodor		Komentaja Kommendör	Komentajakapteeni Kommendörkapten		Kapteeniluutnantti Kaptenlöjtnant		Luutnantti Löjtnant		Aliluutnantti Underlöjtnant		Upseerikokelas			Upseerioppilas
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
French Army^[17]
French Army^[17]	Maréchal de France		Général d'armée		Général de corps d'armée	Général de division	Général de brigade	Colonel		Lieutenant-colonel	Commandant		Capitaine		Lieutenant		Sous-lieutenant		Aspirant			Élève-officier
French Air Force^[17]
French Air Force^[17]			Général d'armée aérienne		Général de corps aérien	Général de division aérienne	Général de brigade aérienne	Colonel		Lieutenant-colonel	Commandant		Capitaine		Lieutenant		Sous-lieutenant		Aspirant			Élève-pilote
French Navy^[18]
French Navy^[18]	Amiral de France	Amiral de la Flotte^[19]	Amiral		Vice-amiral d'escadre	Vice-amiral	Contre-amiral	Capitaine de vaisseau		Capitaine de frégate	Capitaine de corvette		Lieutenant de vaisseau		Enseigne de vaisseau de 1^reclasse		Enseigne de vaisseau de 2^eclasse		Aspirant			Élève-officier
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
German Army&Luftwaffe^[20]	Reichsmarschall
German Army&Luftwaffe^[20]		Generalfeldmarschall	Generaloberst		General der Waffengattung	Generalleutnant	Generalmajor	Oberst		Oberstleutnant	Major		Hauptmann		Oberleutnant		Leutnant		Fhj-StFw	Fhj-OFw	Fhj-Fw	Fhj-UFw	Fhj-Uffz
Kriegsmarine^[21]
Kriegsmarine^[21]		Großadmiral	Generaladmiral		Admiral	Vizeadmiral	Konteradmiral	Kommodore	Kapitän zur See	Fregattenkapitän	Korvettenkapitän		Kapitänleutnant		Oberleutnant zur See		Leutnant zur See		Oberfähnrich zur See	Fähnrich zur See	Seekadett	Offiziersanwärter
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Hellenic Army^[22]
Hellenic Army^[22]	Στρατάρχης Stratarches		Στρατηγός Stratigos		Αντιστράτηγος Antistratigos	Υποστράτηγος Ypostratigos		Συνταγματάρχης Syntagmatarchis		Αντισυνταγματάρχης Antisyntagmatarchis	Ταγματάρχης Tagmatarchis		Λοχαγός Lochagos		Υπολοχαγός Ypolochagos		Ανθυπολοχαγός Anthypolochagos		Δόκιμος Έφεδρος Αξιωματικός Dokimos efedros aksiomatikos
Royal Hellenic Air Force^[23]
Royal Hellenic Air Force^[23]	Αἰθεράρχης Aitherárchis		Πτέραρχος Ptérarchos		Ἀντιπτέραρχος Antiptérarchos	Ὑποπτέραρχος Ypoptérarchos		Σμήναρχος Smínarchos		Ἀντισμήναρχος Antismínarchos	Ἐπισμηναγός Episminagós		Σμηναγός Sminagós		Ὑποσμηναγός Yposminagós		Ἀνθυποσμηναγός Anthyposminagós
Royal Hellenic Navy^[23]
Royal Hellenic Navy^[23]	Στολάρχης Stolarchis		Ναύαρχος Navarchos		Αντιναύαρχος Antinavarchos	Υποναύαρχος Yponavarchos		Πλοίαρχος Ploiarchos		Αντιπλοίαρχος Antiploiarchos	Πλωτάρχης Plotarchis		Υποπλοίαρχος Ypoploiarchos		Ανθυποπλοίαρχος Anthypoploiarchos		Σημαιοφόρος Simaioforos		Σημαιοφόρος Επίκουρος Αξιωματικός Simaioforos epikouros axiomatikos
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Royal Hungarian Army^[24]^[25]
Royal Hungarian Army^[24]^[25]	Tábornagy		Vezérezredes		Altábornagy	Vezérőrnagy		Ezredes		Alezredes	Őrnagy		Százados		Főhadnagy		Hadnagy
Royal Hungarian Air Force^[26]
Royal Hungarian Air Force^[26]					Altábornagy	Vezérőrnagy		Ezredes		Alezredes	Őrnagy		Százados		Főhadnagy		Hadnagy
Royal Hungarian River Guard^[25]
Royal Hungarian River Guard^[25]					Vezérfökapitány	Vezérkapitány		Fötörzskapitány		Törzskapitány	Törzsalkapitány		Kapitány		Föhajónagy		Hajónagy		Folyami zászlós
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Royal Italian Army^[27]	Primo maresciallo dell'Impero
Royal Italian Army^[27]		Maresciallo d'Italia	Generale d'armata	Generale designato d'armata	Generale di corpo d'armata	Generale di divisione	Generale di brigata	Colonnello comandante	Colonnello	Tenente colonnello	Maggiore		Primo capitano	Capitano	Primo tenente	Tenente		Sottotenente	Aspirante
Royal Italian Air Force^[28]
Royal Italian Air Force^[28]		Maresciallo dell'Aria	Generale d'Armata Aerea	Generale designato d'Armata Aerea	Generale di Corpo d'Armata Aerea	Generale di Divisione Aerea	Generale di Brigata Aerea	Colonnello		Tenente colonnello	Maggiore		Primo capitano	Capitano		Tenente		Sottotenente
Royal Italian Navy^[29]
Royal Italian Navy^[29]		Grande ammiraglio	Ammiraglio d'armata	Ammiraglio designato d'armata	Ammiraglio di squadra	Ammiraglio di divisione	Contrammiraglio	Capitano di vascello		Capitano di fregata	Capitano di corvetta		Primo tenente di vascello	Tenente di vascello	Sottotenente di vascello		Guardiamarina		Aspirante guardiamarina
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Imperial Japanese Army&Army Air Service^[30]
Imperial Japanese Army&Army Air Service^[30]	Đại nguyên soái lục quân đại tướng Daigensui-rikugun-taishō	Nguyên soái lục quân đại tướng Gensui-rikugun-taishō	Lục quân đại tướng Rikugun-taishō		Lục quân trung tướng Rikugun-chūjō	Lục quân thiếu tướng Rikugun-shōshō		Lục quân đại tá Rikugun-taisa		Lục quân trung tá Rikugun-chūsa	Lục quân thiếu tá Rikugun-shōsa		Lục quân đại uý Rikugun-tai-i		Lục quân trung úy Rikugun-chūi	Lục quân thiếu úy Rikugun-shōi		Chuẩn uý Jun-i
Imperial Japanese Navy^[31]^[32]
Imperial Japanese Navy^[31]^[32]	Đại nguyên soái hải quân đại tướng Daigensui-kaigun-taishō	Nguyên soái hải quân đại tướng Gensui-kaigun-taishō	Hải quân đại tướng Kaigun-taishō		Hải quân trung tướng Kaigun-chūjō	Hải quân thiếu tướng Kaigun-shōshō		Hải quân đại tá Kaigun-daisa		Hải quân trung tá Kaigun-chūsa	Hải quân thiếu tá Kaigun-shōsa		Hải quân đại uý Kaigun-dai-i		Hải quân trung úy Kaigun-chūi	Hải quân thiếu úy Kaigun-shōi		Binh tào trường Heisōchō	Hải quân thiếu úy dự khuyết sinh Kaigun shōi kōhosei			Hải quân binh trường học sinh đồ Kaigun-heigakō-seito
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Manchukuo Imperial Army&Air Force^[33]^[34]
Manchukuo Imperial Army&Air Force^[33]^[34]	Tổng tư lệnh Zǒng sīlìng		Thượng tướng Shàng jiàng		Trung tướng Zhōng jiàng	Thiếu tướng Shào jiàng		Thượng giáo Shàng xiào		Trung giáo Zhōng xiào	Thiếu tá Shào xiào		Thượng úy Shàng wèi		Trung úy Zhōng wèi	Thiếu úy Shào wèi		Chuẩn uý Zhǔn wèi
Manchukuo Imperial Navy^[35]^[36]
Manchukuo Imperial Navy^[35]^[36]	Tổng tư lệnh Zǒng sīlìng		Thượng tướng Shàng jiàng		Trung tướng Zhōng jiàng	Thiếu tướng Shào jiàng		Thượng giáo Shàng xiào		Trung giáo Zhōng xiào	Thiếu tá Shào xiào		Thượng úy Shàng wèi		Trung úy Zhōng wèi	Thiếu úy Shào wèi
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Royal Netherlands Army^[37]
Royal Netherlands Army^[37]			Generaal		Luitenant-generaal	Generaal-majoor		Kolonel		Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor		Kapitein/ Ritmeester		Eerste luitenant		Tweede luitenant
Royal Netherlands Navy^[37]
Royal Netherlands Navy^[37]	Admiraal		Luitenant-admiraal		Vice-admiraal	Schout-bij-nacht		Kapitein ter zee		Kapitein-luitenant ter zee	Luitenant ter zee der 1^steklasse		Luitenant ter zee der 2^deklasse oudste categorie		Luitenant ter zee der 2^deklasse		Luitenant ter zee der 3^deklasse
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Norwegian Army&Army Air Service^[38]
Norwegian Army&Army Air Service^[38]			General		Generalløjtnant	Generalmajor		Oberst		Oberstløitnant	Major		Kaptein/ Rittmester		Premierløitnant		Sekondløitnant
Royal Norwegian Navy^[39]^[40]
Royal Norwegian Navy^[39]^[40]			Admiral		Viceadmiral	Kontreadmiral		Kommandør		Kommandørkaptein	Kapteinløytnant		Kaptein		Løitnant		Sekundløitnant
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Polish Army&Air Force^[41]	Marszałek Polski
Polish Army&Air Force^[41]			Generał broni		Generał dywizji	Generał brygady		Pułkownik		Podpułkownik	Major		Kapitan/ Rotmistrz		Porucznik		Podporucznik
Polish Navy^[42]																			Various
Polish Navy^[42]			Admirał		Wiceadmirał	Kontradmirał		Komandor		Komandor porucznik	Komandor podporucznik		Kapitan marynarki		Porucznik marynarki		Podporucznik marynarki		Podchorąży
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Royal Romanian Army^[43]^[44]
Royal Romanian Army^[43]^[44]	Mareșal		General de armată		General de corp de armată	General de divizie	General de brigadă	Colonel		Locotenent-colonel	Maior		Căpitan		Locotenent		Sublocotenent
Royal Romanian Air Force^[45]^[46]
Royal Romanian Air Force^[45]^[46]					General-locotenent	General-maior		Comandor		Căpitan-comandor	Locotenent-comandor		Căpitan		Locotenent		Sublocotenent
Royal Romanian Navy^[47]
Royal Romanian Navy^[47]			Amiral		Viceamiral	Contraamiral	Contraamiral de flotilă	Comandor		Căpitan-comandor	Locotenent-comandor		Căpitan		Locotenent		Sublocotenent		Aspirant
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
United States Army&Army Air Force^[48]																			Various
United States Army&Army Air Force^[48]	General of the Army		General		Lieutenant General	Major General	Brigadier General	Colonel		Lieutenant Colonel	Major		Captain		First lieutenant		Second lieutenant		Officer candidate			Officer cadet
United States Navy^[48]																			Various
United States Navy^[48]	Fleet admiral		Admiral		Vice admiral	Rear admiral	Commodore^[b]	Captain		Commander	Lieutenant commander		Lieutenant		Lieutenant (junior grade)		Ensign		Midshipman/Officer candidate
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Red Army (Since Oct. 1943)^[c]^[49]^[50]	Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за Generalíssimus Sovétskogo Soyúza^[d]
Red Army (Since Oct. 1943)^[c]^[49]^[50]		Ма́ршал Сове́тского Сою́за Márshal Sovétskogo Soyúza	Генера́л а́рмии Generál ármi'i^[e]		Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik	Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt	Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór	Полко́вник Polkóvnik		Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik	Майо́р Majór		Kапита́н Kapitán		Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt	Лейтенант Leytenant		Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt	Курсант Kursant
Red Army Air Force^[51]
Red Army Air Force^[51]			Главный маршал авиации Glávnyi márshal aviátzi'i	Маршал авиации Márshal aviátzi'i	Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik	Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt	Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór	Полко́вник Polkóvnik		Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik	Майо́р Majór		Kапита́н Kapitán		Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt	Лейтенант Leytenant		Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt	Курсант Kursant
Soviet Navy^[52]
Soviet Navy^[52]			Адмирал флота Admirál flota^[f]		Адмирал Admirál	Вице-адмирал Vitse-admirál	Контр-адмирал Contre-admirál	Капитан 1-го ранга Kapitan 1-go ránga		Капитан 2-го ранга Kapitan 2-go ránga	Капитан 3-го ранга Kapitan 3-go ránga		Капитан-лейтенант Kapitan-leytenánt		Старший лейтенант Starshey leytenánt	Лейтенант Leytenánt		Младший лейтенант Mladshiy leytenánt	Курсант Kursánt
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet
Royal Yugoslav Army^[54]
Royal Yugoslav Army^[54]	Бојни војвода Bojni vojvoda		Армијски генерал Armijski general		Дивизијски генерал Divizijski general	Бригадни генерал Brigadni general^[g]		Пуковник Pukovnik		Потпуковник Potpukovnik	Мајор Major		Капетан прве класе Kapetan prve klase		Капетан друге класе Kapetan druge klase	Поручник Poručnik		Потпоручник Potporučnik
Royal Yugoslav Air Force^[55]
Royal Yugoslav Air Force^[55]			Армијски генерал Armijski general		Дивизијски генерал Divizijski general	Бригадни генерал Brigadni general		Пуковник Pukovnik		Потпуковник Potpukovnik	Мајор Major		Капетан прве класе Kapetan prve klase		Капетан друге класе Kapetan druge klase	Поручник Poručnik		Потпоручник Potporučnik
Royal Yugoslav Navy^[55]
Royal Yugoslav Navy^[55]			Адмирал Admiral		Вицеадмирал Viceadmiral	Контраадмирал Kontraadmiral		Капетан бојног брода Kapetan bojnog broda		Капетан фрегате Kapetan fregate	Капетан корвете Kapetan korvete		Поручник бојног брода прве класе Poručnik bojnog broda prve klase		Поручник бојног брода друге класе Poručnik bojnog broda druge klase	Поручник фрегате Poručnik fregate		Поручник корвете Poručnik korvete
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers						Officer cadet

Notes[edit]

^^a ^ban appointment rather than asubstantive rank
^Reintroduced in 1943.
^For ranks used before 1943, see1935–1940 ranksand1940–1943 ranks
^The rank was only proposed and never used.
^MarshalandChief marshal of the branchawarded to artillery, armored troops, signal troops and engineer officers.
^Shoulder insignia was changed to amarshal staron 25 May 1945.^[53]
^Color on the epaulettes and on the sleeve where different depend on branch (see moreCorps colors of Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces)

References[edit]

Citations

^Mollo 2001,p. 121.
^Mollo 2001,p. 123.
^Mollo 2001,p. 126.
^Mollo 2001,pp. 49, 51.
^Mollo 2001,p. 51.
^Littlejohn 1994b,pp. 62–63.
^Mollo 1981,p. 214.
^Mollo 1981,p. 215.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 192.
^Ping 2009,p. 65.
^Ping 2009,p. 93.
^Mollo 2001,p. 194.
^Ping 2009,pp. 81–83.
^Rosignoli 1983,Plate 60.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 39.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 29.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 58.
^Mollo 2001,p. 61.
^Le Hunsec 2012,pp. 91–107.
^Mollo 2001,pp. 11, 16.
^Mollo 2001,p. 19.
^Mollo 2001,p. 99.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 101.
^Littlejohn 1994a,pp. 129–131.
^^a ^bMollo 1981,p. 209.
^Mollo 1981,p. 211.
^Mollo 2001,p. 86.
^Mollo 2001,p. 89.
^Mollo 2001,p. 93.
^Mollo 2001,p. 180.
^Rosignoli 1983,Plate 53–54.
^Mollo 2001,p. 187.
^Government 1932,p. 117.
^Government 1934,p. 145.
^Government 1934,p. 152.
^Government 1935,pp. 43–44.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 47.
^Mollo 2001,p. 41.
^Mollo 2001,p. 42.
^Rosignoli 1980,pp. 152–153.
^Mollo 2001,p. 23.
^Mollo 2001,p. 25.
^Littlejohn 1994b,pp. 95–96.
^Mollo 1981,p. 203.
^Littlejohn 1994b,pp. 98–99.
^Rosignoli 1983,Plate 76.
^Mollo 1981,p. 206.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 161.
^Shalito, Savchenkov & Mollo 1993,p. 5.
^Rosignoli 1972,Plates 58–62.
^Mollo 1981,p. 169.
^Mollo 1981,p. 177.
^Vedomosti 1945.
^Mollo 2001,p. 104.
^^a ^bMollo 2001,p. 105.

Bibliography

Mollo, Andrew(1981).The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, insignia, and organization.New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers.ISBN 0-517-54478-4.Retrieved31 March2022.
Mollo, Andrew(2001).The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia & Organisation.Leicester: Silverdale books.ISBN 1-85605-603-1.
Le Hunsec, Mathieu (2012-03-15)."L'amiral, cet inconnu".Revue historique des armées(in French) (266): 91–107.ISSN 0035-3299.
Littlejohn, David (1994a).Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 3(2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing.ISBN 0-912138-29-7.
Littlejohn, David (1994b).Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 4(2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing.ISBN 0-912138-36-X.
Ping, Xu, ed. (2009).Zhōngguó bǎinián jūnfú (zēngbǔ bǎn)Trung Quốc trăm năm quân phục ( tăng thêm bản )[China Regimental 100 Years] (2nd ed.). Gold Wall Press.ISBN 978-7-80084-679-3.Retrieved13 September2023.
Shalito, Anton; Savchenkov, Ilya;Mollo, Andrew(1993).Red Army Uniforms of World War II in Colour Photographs.London: Windrow & Greene.ISBN 978-1872004594.
Rosignoli, Guido (1972).Army badges and insignia of World War 2: Book 1.MacMillan Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd.ISBN 9780026050807.LCCN 72-85765.
Rosignoli, Guido (1980).Naval and Marine Badges and Insignia of World War 2.Blandford Colour Series. Link House, Dorset: Blandford Press Ltd.ISBN 9780713709193.
Rosignoli, Guido (1983).Badges and insignia of World War II: Air Force, Naval, Marine.Blandford Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd.ISBN 0-671-06008-2.
"Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 25.05.1945 об изменении знаков различия – погонов для адмиралов флота"[Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of 25 May 1945 on changing the insignia – epaulettes for fleet admirals].wikisource(in Russian). Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. 1945.Retrieved2 April2022.
Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yakuMãn châu quốc chính phủ công báo ngày 訳[Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 71-No. 82)] (in Japanese). December 1932.Retrieved21 August2022.
Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yakuMãn châu quốc chính phủ công báo ngày 訳[Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 227-No. 250)] (in Japanese). December 1934.Retrieved21 August2022.
Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yakuMãn châu quốc chính phủ công báo ngày 訳[Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 292-No. 313)] (in Japanese). March 1935.Retrieved15 July2022.

[UKApp-2] tment rather than asubstantive rank

[50] Reintroduced in 1943.

[51] For ranks used before 1943, see1935–1940 ranksand1940–1943 ranks

[54] The rank was only proposed and never used.

[55] MarshalandChief marshal of the branchawarded to artillery, armored troops, signal troops and engineer officers.

[59] Shoulder insignia was changed to amarshal staron 25 May 1945.^[53]

[61] Color on the epaulettes and on the sleeve where different depend on branch (see moreCorps colors of Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces)

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001121-1] Mollo 2001,p. 121.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001123-3] Mollo 2001,p. 123.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001126-4] Mollo 2001,p. 126.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200149,_51-5] Mollo 2001,pp. 49, 51.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200151-6] Mollo 2001,p. 51.

[FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994b62–63-7] Littlejohn 1994b,pp. 62–63.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981214-8] Mollo 1981,p. 214.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981215-9] Mollo 1981,p. 215.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001192-10] Mollo 2001,p. 192.

[FOOTNOTEPing200965-11] Ping 2009,p. 65.

[FOOTNOTEPing200993-12] Ping 2009,p. 93.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001194-13] Mollo 2001,p. 194.

[FOOTNOTEPing200981–83-14] Ping 2009,pp. 81–83.

[FOOTNOTERosignoli1983Plate_60-15] Rosignoli 1983,Plate 60.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200139-16] Mollo 2001,p. 39.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200129-17] Mollo 2001,p. 29.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200158-18] Mollo 2001,p. 58.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200161-19] Mollo 2001,p. 61.

[FOOTNOTELe_Hunsec201291–107-20] Le Hunsec 2012,pp. 91–107.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200111,_16-21] Mollo 2001,pp. 11, 16.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200119-22] Mollo 2001,p. 19.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200199-23] Mollo 2001,p. 99.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001101-24] Mollo 2001,p. 101.

[FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994a129–131-25] Littlejohn 1994a,pp. 129–131.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981209-26] Mollo 1981,p. 209.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981211-27] Mollo 1981,p. 211.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200186-28] Mollo 2001,p. 86.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200189-29] Mollo 2001,p. 89.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200193-30] Mollo 2001,p. 93.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001180-31] Mollo 2001,p. 180.

[FOOTNOTERosignoli1983Plate_53–54-32] Rosignoli 1983,Plate 53–54.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001187-33] Mollo 2001,p. 187.

[FOOTNOTEGovernment1932117-34] Government 1932,p. 117.

[FOOTNOTEGovernment1934145-35] Government 1934,p. 145.

[FOOTNOTEGovernment1934152-36] Government 1934,p. 152.

[FOOTNOTEGovernment193543–44-37] Government 1935,pp. 43–44.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200147-38] Mollo 2001,p. 47.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200141-39] Mollo 2001,p. 41.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200142-40] Mollo 2001,p. 42.

[FOOTNOTERosignoli1980152–153-41] Rosignoli 1980,pp. 152–153.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200123-42] Mollo 2001,p. 23.

[FOOTNOTEMollo200125-43] Mollo 2001,p. 25.

[FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994b95–96-44] Littlejohn 1994b,pp. 95–96.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981203-45] Mollo 1981,p. 203.

[FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994b98–99-46] Littlejohn 1994b,pp. 98–99.

[FOOTNOTERosignoli1983Plate_76-47] Rosignoli 1983,Plate 76.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981206-48] Mollo 1981,p. 206.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001161-49] Mollo 2001,p. 161.

[FOOTNOTEShalitoSavchenkovMollo19935-52] Shalito, Savchenkov & Mollo 1993,p. 5.

[FOOTNOTERosignoli1972Plates_58–62-53] Rosignoli 1972,Plates 58–62.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981169-56] Mollo 1981,p. 169.

[FOOTNOTEMollo1981177-57] Mollo 1981,p. 177.

[FOOTNOTEVedomosti1945-58] Vedomosti 1945.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001104-60] Mollo 2001,p. 104.

[FOOTNOTEMollo2001105-62] Mollo 2001,p. 105.

[1]

[a]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[b]

[c]

[49]

[50]

[d]

[e]

[51]

[52]

[f]

[54]

[g]

[55]

[53]

Table[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]