Complete game
Inbaseball,acomplete game(CG) is the act of apitcherpitching an entire game without the benefit of arelief pitcher.[1]A pitcher who meets this criterion will be credited with a complete game regardless of the number of innings played—pitchers who throw an entireofficial gamethat is shortened by rain will still be credited with a complete game, while starting pitchers who are relieved inextra inningsafter throwing nine or more innings will not be credited with a complete game. A starting pitcher who is replaced by apinch hitterin the final half inning of a game will still be credited with a complete game.
The frequency of complete games has evolved since the early days of baseball. The complete game was essentially an expectation in the early 20th century and pitchers completed almost all of the games they started. In modern baseball, the feat is much more rare and no pitcher has reached 30 complete games in a season since 1975; in the 21st century, a pitcher has thrown 10 or more complete games in a season only twice.
Historical trend
[edit]| Year | Games started | Complete games | Complete game % | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1904 | 2,496 | 2,186 | 87.6 | [2] |
| 1914 | 3,758 | 2,067 | 55.0 | [2] |
| 1924 | 2,462 | 1,198 | 48.7 | [2] |
| 1934 | 2,446 | 1,061 | 43.4 | [2] |
| 1944 | 2,484 | 1,123 | 45.2 | [2] |
| 1954 | 2,472 | 840 | 34.0 | [2] |
| 1964 | 3,252 | 797 | 24.5 | [2] |
| 1974 | 3,890 | 1,089 | 28.0 | [2] |
| 1984 | 4,210 | 632 | 15.0 | [2] |
| 1994 | 3,200 | 255 | 8.0 | [2] |
| 2004 | 4,854 | 150 | 3.1 | [2] |
| 2014 | 4,860 | 118 | 2.4 | [3] |
| 2024 | 4,858 | 28 | 0.6 | [4] |
In the early 20th century, it was common for most goodMajor League Baseball(MLB) pitchers to pitch a complete game almost every start, barring injury or ejection. Pitchers were expected to complete games they started. Over the course of the 20th century, complete games became less common, to the point where a modern pitcher may pitch an entire season without throwing a complete game. (In the 2024 MLB season, 0.6% of starts were complete games.)[5]To put this in perspective, as recently as the 1980s, 10–15 complete games a year by a star pitcher was not unheard of, and in 1980,Oakland AthleticspitcherRick Langfordthrew 22 consecutive complete games.[6]Years earlier,Robin Robertsof thePhiladelphia Philliesthrew 28 consecutive complete games, spanning the 1952 and 1953 seasons. In 1962, a news article detailedBo Belinsky's concern when he failed to complete six starts in a row.[7]
This change has been brought about by strict adherence topitch countsas a basis for removing a pitcher, even though he may appear to be pitching well, and new pitching philosophies in general. Many have come to believe that the risk of arm injuries becomes far more prevalent after a pitcher has thrown 100 to 120 pitches in a single game.[8]Though Hall-of-FamerNolan Ryanonce threw well over 200 pitches in a single game (a 1974 contest in which he pitched 13 innings),[9]it is now rare for a manager to allow a pitcher to throw more than 120 pitches in a start. Former pitcherCarl Erskinenoted the increase in ex-pitchers on coaching staffs since the 1950s, whom he considered better evaluators of a pitchers' ability to pitch late into games.[10]Given this,sabermetriciansgenerally regardCy Young's total of 749 complete games as the career baseball record that will never be broken.[citation needed]Further supporting the belief is that only three pitchers (Young, Ryan, andDon Sutton) even made at least 749 starts in their careers.[11]
James Shieldsthrew 11 complete games in the 2011 season for theTampa Bay Rays,becoming the first pitcher to reach double digits in a single season sinceCC Sabathiathrew 10 complete games for theCleveland IndiansandMilwaukee Brewersin 2008. The last pitcher to throw as many as 15 complete games in a single season wasCurt Schilling,who accomplished that feat for thePhiladelphia Philliesin 1998. The last pitcher to throw 20 complete games in a single season wasFernando Valenzuela,who did so for theLos Angeles Dodgersin 1986. The last pitcher to throw 25 complete games in a season wasRick Langford,who had 28 for theOakland Athleticsin 1980. The last pitcher to throw 30 complete games in a season wasCatfish Hunter,who did so for theNew York Yankeesin 1975.
Career leaders
[edit]- Cy Young– 749
- Pud Galvin– 646
- Tim Keefe– 554
- Walter Johnson– 531
- Kid Nichols– 531
- Bobby Mathews– 525
- Mickey Welch– 525
- Charley Radbourn– 489
- John Clarkson– 485
- Tony Mullane– 468
- Jim McCormick– 466
- Gus Weyhing– 448
- Grover Cleveland Alexander– 437
- Christy Mathewson– 434
- Jack Powell– 422
- Eddie Plank– 410
- Will White– 394
- Amos Rusie– 392
- Vic Willis– 388
- Tommy Bond– 386
All pitchers above are right-handed, except for Eddie Plank. All also played most or all of their careers before the start of the modernlive-ball eraof baseball, which began during the 1920 season and was fully established in 1921. Among pitchers whose entire careers were in the live-ball era, the all-time leader in complete games isWarren Spahn,whose total of 382 places him 21st all-time.
Active career leaders
[edit]Through March 28, 2024, the top 9 active players who lead MLB in career complete games were:[12]
| Rank | Name | Complete games |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Justin Verlander | 26 |
| 2 | Clayton Kershaw | 25 |
| 3 | Johnny Cueto | 18 |
| 4 | Chris Sale | 16 |
| 5 | Sandy Alcantara | 12 |
| 5 | Dallas Keuchel | 12 |
| 5 | Max Scherzer | 12 |
| 8 | Carlos Carrasco | 11 |
| 9 | Gerrit Cole | 8 |
Single-season leaders
[edit]- Will White– 75 (1879)
- Charley Radbourn– 73 (1884)
- (tie)Pud Galvin– 72 (1883)
- (tie)Guy Hecker– 72 (1884)
- (tie)Jim McCormick– 72 (1880)
- Pud Galvin – 71 (1884)
- (tie)John Clarkson–68 (1885)
- (tie) John Clarkson – 68 (1889)
- (tie)Tim Keefe– 68 (1883)
- Bill Hutchison– 67 (1892)
- (tie)Jim Devlin– 66 (1876)
- (tie)Matt Kilroy– 66 (1886)
- (tie) Matt Kilroy –66 (1887)
- (tie)Charley Radbourn– 66 (1883)
- (tie)Toad Ramsey– 66 (1886)
- (tie) Pud Galvin – 65 (1879)
- (tie) Bill Hutchison – 65 (1890)
- (tie) Jim McCormick –65 (1882)
- Silver King– 64 (1888)
- (tie)Tony Mullane– 64 (1884)
- (tie)Mickey Welch– 64 (1880)
- (tie) Will White – 64 - (1883)
All pitchers were right-handed except Matt Kilroy and Toad Ramsey. The record for complete games in a live-ball season is 36, set byBob Fellerin 1946.[13]
Other records
[edit]- Jack Taylorcompleted 187 consecutive games he started between 1901 and 1906.[14]
- Leon CadoreandJoe Oeschgershare the record for the longest complete game, achieved when they pitched against each other in a 26-inning marathon that ended in a 1–1 tie on May 1, 1920.[15]
- Allan Traversallowed 26 hits and 24 runs in a 1912 complete game, both still records.
Notes
[edit]- ^Dickson, Paul(1999).The new Dickson baseball dictionary.Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.p. 130.ISBN978-0-15-600580-7.RetrievedAugust 27,2011.
- ^abcdefghijkBaseball Prospectus 2007, p.75
- ^"2014 Major League Baseball Standard Pitching".Sports Reference LLC.RetrievedOctober 2,2014.
- ^"2024 Major League Baseball Standard Pitching".Sports Reference LLC.RetrievedOctober 2,2014.
- ^[1]2024 Major League Baseball Standard Pitching
- ^Rick Langford Game Logs 1980 Season
- ^Richman, Milton (June 22, 1962)."Belinsky Finally Wins 7th".The Gadsden Times.p. 8.RetrievedMay 31,2020.
- ^Baseball Prospectus 2007, p.79
- ^June 14, 1974 Boxscore, Red Sox vs. Angels
- ^Zimniuch, Fran (2010).Fireman: The Evolution of the Closer in Baseball.Chicago:Triumph Books.pp.73–4.ISBN978-1-60078-312-8.
- ^"Career Leaders & Records for Games Started".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedJuly 22,2017.
- ^"Active Career Leaders in Complete Games".Baseball Reference.Sports Reference LLC.RetrievedMay 30,2024.
- ^[2]
- ^"SABR's Baseball Biography Project: Jack Taylor".Archived fromthe originalon 2009-04-24.Retrieved2009-03-09.
- ^Complete Games Records by Baseball Almanac
References
[edit]- Baseball Prospectus Team of Experts(2007).Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know About the Game Is Wrong.New York, New York:Basic Books.ISBN978-0-465-00547-5.RetrievedMarch 5,2011.