Cops(TV program)
| Cops | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Genre | Reality |
| Created by | John Langley Malcolm Barbour |
| Developed by | Stephen Chao |
| Directed by | Dale Dimmick Gabriel Koura |
| Narrated by | Burt Lancaster(pilot episode) Harry Newman |
| Opening theme | "Bad Boys"byInner Circle |
| Composers | Michael Lewis (pilot) Nathan Wang(season 1) |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English[a] |
| No.of seasons | 36 |
| No.of episodes | 1,175(list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | John Langley Malcolm Barbour(1989–1994, seasons 1–6) |
| Producers | Andy Thomas (1989, season 1) Paul Stojanovich(1989–1990, season 2) Bertram van Munster (1990–1997, seasons 3–9) Murray Jordan (1997–2001, seasons 10–13) Jimmy Langley (2001–present, seasons 14–present) Morgan Langley (2007–present, seasons 20–present) |
| Running time | 30 minutes (season 1–3) 30–37 minutes (season 4–present) |
| Production companies | Barbour/Langley Productions(1989–1999, seasons 1–11) Fox Television Stations Productions(1989–2013) 20th Century Fox Television(1989–1992, seasons 1–3/1995–2013, seasons 6–25) 20th Television(1992–1995, seasons 4-5) Langley Productions (1999-present, seasons 12–present)[1] Spike Original Programming(2013–2017, seasons 26–30) Paramount Network Original Productions(2018–2020, seasons 30–32) Fox Entertainment(season 33–present) |
| Original release | |
| Network | Fox(1989–2013) Paramount Network (2013–2020)[2] Fox Nation(2021–present) |
| Release | March 11, 1989– present |
Cops(stylized asCOPS) is an American reality legaltelevision documentaryprogramming series that is currently in its 36th season. It is produced by Langley Productions[3]and premiered on theFoxnetwork on March 11, 1989. The series, known for chronicling the lives oflaw enforcementofficials, followspolice officersandsheriff's deputies,sometimes backed up bystate policeor other state agencies, duringpatrol,calls for service,and other police activities includingprostitutionandnarcoticstings, and occasionally the serving ofsearch/arrestwarrants at criminal residences. Some episodes have also featured federal agencies. The show's formula follows thecinéma véritéconvention, which does not consist of any narration, scripted dialogue orincidental music/added sound effects, depending entirely on the commentary of the officers and on the actions of the people with whom they come into contact, giving the audience afly on the wallpoint of view. Each episode typically consists of three self-contained segments which often end with one or morearrests.
It is one of the longest-runningtelevision showsin the United States and, in May 2011, it became the longest-running show on Fox (since then, its duration has been surpassed by the duration ofThe Simpsons). It also became the longest running live action series on Fox. WhenAmerica's Most Wantedwas canceled after 23 years, the show's hostJohn Walsh,made numerous appearances onCops.[4][5]In 2013, the program moved to Spike TV, now known asParamount Network.[6]
In late 2007, during the premiere of its 20th season, episodes ofCopsbegan broadcasting inwidescreen,though not inhigh definition.In June 2020, Paramount Network pulled the show from its schedule in response toGeorge Floyd protestsfollowing hisdeathwhile under arrest by theMinneapolis Police Department,[7]and announced its cancellation days later.[8]The show remains in production for its international and overseas partners, and began to film anew inSpokane County, Washington,with its sheriff's department in October 2020.[9]In September 2021, it was announced thatFox Nationpicked up the show. The 34th season premiered in September 2022.[10][11][12][13]Season 35 premiered on April 7, 2023. Following a three month hiatus, the show returned on October 6.[14]Season 36 would premiere on April 5, 2024 with several episodes featuring beach patrol officers duringspring break.[15][16]
History
[edit]Copswas created byJohn LangleyandMalcolm Barbour,who tried unsuccessfully for several years to get a network to carry the program. When the1988 Writers Guild of America strikeforced them to find other kinds of programming, the youngFox Televisionnetwork picked up the low-costCops,which had no union writers.[6][17]
The program premiered on Fox on March 11, 1989.[6][18]When the show went primetime in 1991, and consisted of two episodes in the 8 p.m. hour, it was calledPrimetime Copsin promos for several years. The program was one of only two remaining first-run prime-time programs airing on Saturday nights on the four major U.S. broadcast television networks (along with CBS's48 Hours Mystery). Malcolm Barbour left from producingCopsin 1994.
For the first 25 seasons,Copswas broadcast by Fox with reruns of earlier seasons syndicated by local television stations and cable networks, includingtruTVandG4.[19]After Fox canceled the show in May 2013,Spikepicked it up[6]for an additional five seasons, in addition to reruns of previous seasons.[2]The 30th season premiered on June 17, 2017.[20]
On August 21, 2017,Copscelebrated its 1,000th episode with a live special calledCops: Beyond the Bust,hosted byTerry Crews(who plays a police sergeant in the sitcomBrooklyn Nine-Nine), which included historical clips from the run of the program as well as reunions of officers and the suspects that they arrested.[21]The date of the 1,000th episode also marked a shift of episode premieres from Saturdays to Mondays.[22]
The show follows officers in 140 different cities in the United States,Hong Kong,London,and theSoviet Union.[23]
In the wake of the protests following themurder of George Floydin Minneapolis, Minnesota under police custody, Paramount Network pulled the series from the air ahead of its season 33 premiere, which was scheduled for June 1, 2020. On June 9, 2020, a network spokesperson announced "Copsis not on the Paramount Network and we don't have any current or future plans for it to return ".[7][8] The episode "Party in a Box" (season 28, episode 20, originally aired December 12, 2015) featuredAtlanta Police DepartmentOfficer Garrett Rolfe, who in 2020 was charged with thekilling of Rayshard Brooksduring adriving under the influenceinvestigation.[24]
In September 2020,Copsresumed production. The new episodes were being produced for international syndication and to fulfill contracts overseas that had not expired; Langley did not secure a domestic distributor until 2021.[25]Rocket Rights picked up the show for distribution outside the United States in early-2021, with Langley's distribution unit, Langley Television Distribution (as of 2021) handling sales in the United States.
On September 13, 2021, it was announced thatFox Nationhad picked up the show. The 33rd season premiered on October 1, 2021.[26][11]Fox Nation would then premiere the show's 34th season on September 30, 2022.[12][13]
Production
[edit]Copswas created byJohn Langleyand his producing partnerMalcolm Barbour.In 1983 they were working onCocaine Blues,[27]a television series about drugs. As part of his research Langley went on a drug raid with drug enforcement officers and was inspired to create a show focusing on real-life law enforcement. Before that, there had been only a few instances ofcinéma véritéproductions documenting the work of police officers, such asRoger Graef'sPolicein 1982.[28]
In the late 1980s, after producing the livesyndicatedspecialsAmerican Vice: The Doping of a Nation,Murder: Live From Death Row,andDevil's Worship: Exposing Satan's Undergroundall withGeraldo Rivera,Langley and Barbour pitched theCopsshow concept toStephen Chao,aFoxprogramming executive who would one day become president of theFox Television StationsGroup and laterUSA Network.Chao liked the concept and pitched it toBarry Diller,thenChief Executive Officerof the Fox Network. Malcolm Barbour left from producingCopsin 1994.
AWriters Guild of America strikewas occurring at the time and the network needed new material. An unscripted show that did not require writers was ideal for Fox. The first season aired in 1989 and consisted of 15 episodes featuring theBroward County Sheriff's Office.Since then, it has often been one of the highest-rated reality-TV programs, in part due to its low production cost (estimated at US$200,000 per episode in the early 1990s) and thus its capacity to show new material each week.[28]
The original concept of the show was to follow officers home and tape their home lives along with their work. After a while the idea of following officers home was deemed too artificial by Langley and was abandoned. Thereafter, the format of three self-contained unscripted segments without narration or music became the show's formula.
Since the third episode of Season 2, every episode ends with a police radio excerpt referencing the intersection of SE 132nd Ave. and SE Bush St. in thePowellhurst-Gilbert, Portland, Oregonneighborhood ofPortland, Oregon.[29]A female officer says, "132 and Bush, I've got him at gunpoint", and a female dispatcher replies, "132 and Bush. Cover's Code 3." Another woman says, "Units 25, 14 can transmit on Tac 2", and the dispatcher replies, "Okay, we'll still send it Code 3." Then an instrumental version of "Bad Boys" plays over the credits.[30]On the first season ofCops,instead of "132 and Bush, I've got him at gunpoint", it was a police radio excerpt from theBroward County, FloridaSheriff's Office. In the first two episodes of the second season, a different police radio excerpt from thePortland Bureau of Policewas used.
Copsaired on Fox's traditional Saturday-night lineup since its debut in 1989. As of 2012, the program retained its traditional time slot, but aired more intermittently asFox Sportsscheduled more sports programming in Saturday-night primetime, withNASCAR on Foxin the late winter and spring,Major League Baseball on Foxthroughout the spring and summer,Fox College Footballin the fall, and variousFox UFCthroughout the year.Copswas then scheduled on weeks without any sporting events, followed by an encore presentation of a Fox drama series.
In 2013, it was announced that Fox had cancelled the program. However, it was later announced that Spike TV had picked up the program for another season.[31][32]In August 2017, Spike moved the show's time slot to Monday.
Agencies featured
[edit]| International agencies | |
|---|---|
| Countries | Agencies |
| USSR | Militsiya |
| United Kingdom | Metropolitan Police |
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong Police Force |
Camera crew involvement
[edit]In one episode, theproduction sound mixerfor the camera crew, a formeremergency medical technician,assisted a police officer in performingcardiopulmonary resuscitation(season 2, episode 7).[citation needed]
In an episode in season 11 that took place in 1998 inAtlanta,Georgia, camera operator Si Davis, who was aLas Vegas Metropolitan Police Departmentreserve police officer, dropped the camera and assisted an Atlanta police officer in wrestling a suspect into custody. It turned out that the APD officer had been injured during a foot pursuit; meanwhile,mi xing consoleSteve Kiger picked up the camera and continued recording the action, which eventually made the air (season 11, episode 5).
In another episode, a rape suspect fled and outran officers, only to have the cameraman follow him the entire time, until police caught up to the suspect and subdued him (season 10, episode 19).
In an episode of season 14 (2001–2002), during the arrest of a man after a car chase inHillsborough County, Florida,the sound mixer held the suspect's sister away from the deputy after she tried to intervene in her brother's arrest.
During the first episode of season 22, which aired on September 12, 2009, an officer with theLas Vegas Metropolitan Police Departmentwas tackled by a suspect. The camera operator and Las Vegas Fire Department firefighter/paramedics wrestled the suspect away from the officer.[citation needed]
In episode 32 of season 22, an officer fromArmarillo, TexasPolice Department responded to a possible auto burglary. The suspect was found inside the car and attempted to flee from the responding officer, however the suspect was stopped by theproduction sound mixerthat was standing in the path that the suspect intended on escaping with.[citation needed]
In episode 17 of season 26 that aired on February 1, 2014, during the arrest of a man inSacramento, California,for battery on his girlfriend, one of the camera crew pulled one of the suspect'sAmerican pit bull terrieraway from one of the arresting officers. The dog was biting the officer on the leg after being commanded to do so by the suspect.[citation needed]
During the recording of episode 7 in Season 27, the camera crew assisted in detaining the passenger of a vehicle whose operator had fled on foot from officers inLafayette, Louisiana.As police chased the driver, who successfully evaded arrest, the camera crew secured the vehicle by giving directions to the passenger; at one point, the camera operator can be seen gesturing to the passenger to place the latter's hands on the dashboard.[citation needed]
2014 Wendy's shooting incident
[edit]On August 26, 2014, at roughly 9:20 p.m., aCopscrew was recording with theOmaha Police DepartmentinOmaha, Nebraska,during their final week working with them since arriving in June. A police officer drove to aWendy'srestaurant during arobberyand called for backup. One of the other responding officers had a two-personCopscrew (a cameraman and audio technician Bryce Dion) present in his or her cruiser. The crew began recording the robbery inside Wendy's.[34][35]
Authorities later identified the robber as 32-year-old Cortez Washington, whom police shot several times during the shootout. A police officer fired through a window, hitting Dion (wearing a bullet-resistant vest) once under the arm. Medics transported both to the hospital, and both died, with Dion being pronounced dead shortly after arrival.[36][37][38][39]
The 38-year-old Dion had worked onCopsfor seven years. Langley Productions stated that, in 25 years of video recording, this was the first incident in which a crew member was seriously injured or killed.[35]ACopscrew working inSpringfield, Missouri,alsowrappedfollowing the Omaha incident.[40]In Dion's honor, the show aired an hour-long "best of" episode featuring his work on its September 20, 2014 episode.[41]
The robbery's events took only seconds to happen.[42]Detective Darren Cunningham responded to the call while theCopscrew accompanied Officer Brooks Riley and Officer Jason Wilhelm. Cunningham and Riley entered the front door and unholstered their firearms, while Wilhelm went to the restaurant's back part to cover an emergency exit door that opens only from indoors. Cunningham and Riley approached Washington, who was at the restaurant's back part and did not see the officers arrive. For unknown reasons, Washington walked to the front counter, where the officers identified him and told him to lie on the floor—but Washington immediately pointed and fired a pistol while moving toward the officers, who returned fire. Cunningham retreated into the hallway toward the restroom and kept firing at Washington, who had then turned the corner and stood where the officers had initiated contact. Riley moved around a column and into the waiting aisle at the counter. As Washington passed the uniformed police officer, he aimed his weapon toward the officer and continued firing as he moved toward the front exit. Dion was caught in the ensuing crossfire as the officer returned fire at Washington, who stumbled into the parking lot and fell from his injuries before his arrest.
After the scene was secured, authorities learned that Washington's pistol was actually anairsofthandgun that strongly resembled a realTaurusfirearm.[43]
Authorities placed the three police officers on paid leave pending the result of an investigation into the shooting. A grand juryacquittedall three of misconduct.[44]
Washington had a lengthy criminal record inWyandotte County, Kansas.At the time of the Wendy's robbery, he was on parole in Missouri, having been released in September 2013 after serving two years of a seven-year sentence as an accessory to second-degree robbery of a jewelry store, to which he pleaded guilty. In determining sentences and eligibility for parole, Missouri law does not consider criminal records in other states.[39]Approximately 20 minutes before the Wendy's robbery, his 24-year-old girlfriend, Jeneva Arias, robbed aLittle Caesarspizza restaurant, using the same airsoft pistol; Washington served as her getaway driver.[45]Arias in turn was to be Washington's getaway driver in the Wendy's robbery, but fled. While in jail awaiting trial, she committed felony assault via throwing a soap mixture into a health care worker's face and fracturing a jailer's hand. Authorities gave Arias a plea bargain, and she pleaded no contest to reduced charges, and they sentenced her to a maximum of six years in jail through concurrent sentencing.[46]
Bryce Dion's brother, Trevor Dion, filed a lawsuit in February 2016 against the City of Omaha, alleging that inadequate communication and coordination between dispatchers and the officers arriving at the scene contributed to Dion's death. The suit also blames the authorities' decision to invite theCopsvideo crew to go with officers.[47][48]On April 24, 2018, a Douglas County District Judge refused the City of Omaha's request to bar the release of the video of the robbery-shooting at Wendy's and ordered the City of Omaha to release all materials related to the death of Bryce Dion, of which only still frames had been previously released.[49]On April 25, 2018, the video recorded by theCopscamera crew was released. The video was shown in open court and theOmaha World-Heraldrequested a copy, which it later released.[50]Trevor Dion's lawsuit against the city was dismissed by a judge in July 2019.[51]
Opening sequence
[edit]
The show's theme song is "Bad Boys",performed by reggae groupInner Circle,which was played over a montage of clips.
All episodes ofCopsbegan with a disclaimer. Beginning with later episodes of season 2, the wording was:
Copsis filmed on location with the men and women of law enforcement. All suspects are innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. - Harry Newman provided by the following narration on the next episode.
The disclaimer in the first two seasons was slightly different: "Copsis filmed on location as it happens. All suspects are considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. "Burt Lancasterprovided the following narration on the pilot episode: "Copsis about real people, and real crime. It was filmed entirely on location, with the men and women who work in law enforcement. "
During at least the first season, episodes featured original scoring in a vein similar to the instrumental backing of the opening song. Some cues were short, others longer, usually over montages. Among the composers who scored episodes were Michael Lewis and Nathan Wang.[citation needed]
The Spike/Paramount Network version of the show added theTwitterhandle andFacebookURL as itssocial mediapages to the intro in 2013 until it was removed in 2020.
Episodes
[edit]| Season | Episodes | Originally aired | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First aired | Last aired | Network | |||
| 1 | 15 | March 11, 1989 | June 17, 1989 | Fox | |
| 2 | 31 | September 23, 1989 | May 5, 1990 | ||
| 3 | 42 | September 15, 1990 | August 31, 1991 | ||
| 4 | 45 | August 10, 1991 | December 12, 1992 | ||
| 5 | 46 | August 15, 1992 | September 4, 1993 | ||
| 6 | 46 | August 7, 1993 | December 17, 1994 | ||
| 7 | 41 | May 14, 1994 | November 10, 1995 | ||
| 8 | 43 | February 25, 1995 | July 13, 1996 | ||
| 9 | 36 | August 31, 1996 | July 26, 1997 | ||
| 10 | 36 | September 6, 1997 | August 1, 1998 | ||
| 11 | 36 | September 12, 1998 | September 18, 1999 | ||
| 12 | 36 | September 11, 1999 | July 29, 2000 | ||
| 13 | 40 | May 20, 2000 | July 7, 2001 | ||
| 14 | 36 | September 1, 2001 | September 21, 2002 | ||
| 15 | 36 | May 4, 2002 | November 1, 2003 | ||
| 16 | 41 | April 26, 2003 | October 2, 2004 | ||
| 17 | 36 | May 15, 2004 | August 6, 2005 | ||
| 18 | 36 | September 10, 2005 | July 22, 2006 | ||
| 19 | 36 | September 9, 2006 | July 28, 2007 | ||
| 20 | 38 | September 8, 2007 | August 2, 2008 | ||
| 21 | 36 | September 7, 2008 | July 25, 2009 | ||
| 22 | 36 | September 12, 2009 | July 31, 2010 | ||
| 23 | 22 | September 11, 2010 | June 18, 2011 | ||
| 24 | 22 | September 10, 2011 | April 7, 2012 | ||
| 25 | 16 | December 15, 2012 | May 4, 2013 | ||
| 26 | 22 | September 14, 2013 | March 8, 2014 | Spike | |
| 27 | 33 | July 12, 2014 | May 9, 2015 | ||
| 28 | 33 | June 20, 2015 | April 30, 2016 | ||
| 29 | 33 | June 4, 2016 | April 22, 2017 | ||
| 30 | 33 | 22 | June 17, 2017 | November 13, 2017 | |
| 11 | January 22, 2018 | May 21, 2018 | Paramount Network | ||
| 31 | 33 | June 4, 2018 | May 20, 2019 | ||
| 32 | 33 | June 3, 2019 | May 11, 2020 | ||
| 33 | 33 | October 1, 2021 | July 8, 2022 | Fox Nation | |
| 34 | 17 | September 30, 2022 | March 31, 2023 | ||
| 35 | 33 | April 7, 2023 | March 29, 2024 | ||
| 36 | TBA | April 5, 2024 | TBA | ||
Syndication
[edit]Domestic
[edit]In September 1992, reruns ofCopswent into broadcast syndication, and like Fox's fellow seriesThe Simpsons,it became a mainstay of the format, with its carriage being led byFox Television Stationsitself, be it Fox stations or those stations which belong to its sister networkMyNetworkTV;it was also consistently included on the schedule ofThe CW's smaller-market chain of local cable channels and broadcast subchannels,The CW Plus.Seasons 7-24 would air onCourt TVwhich eventually rebranded toTruTVin 2008, over the course of its syndicated run from 1998-2014 on the network, seasons 7-24 would be broadcast on the network, in 2014, it was announced the program would be pulled off the air by 2015, due to its syndicated contract expiring, the network decided not to renew the contract and by January, 2015, the network would stop airing the syndicated reruns. In the fall of 2013, it mainly began to air on Spike (now Paramount Network) on the cable side as part of that network's agreement to air new episodes, after several years ontruTV.Older episodes were picked up by the now defunctClooin September 2014, after spending years on the now defunctG4,which was discontinued in December 2014. Local station syndication of the show was prevalent on most Fox stations and affiliates at the time, but as of 2015, older episodes were shifted intoCops Reloaded.WGN Americaalso carried reruns of the regular version. At the start of 2016, the episodes in the now defunct Cloo/G4 package were moved into the Spike/Paramount Network syndicated package when the former G4/Cloo syndication agreement expired, giving that network the rights to the majority of the program. After Viacom's acquisition ofPluto TVin 2019, a 24/7 channel made up of episodes of the series directly programmed under license from Langley Productions was launched.[52]
Related to Paramount ending its carriage ofCopsin June 2020, it has also relinquished its syndication rights; WGN America, which began to convert to a general news network asNewsNationunder new ownership, also decided to stop carrying the show at the end of its existing carriage contract, which happened to terminate by coincidence on June 30, 2020.[53]Disney Media Distribution,which syndicates the FTSP-era episodes under its former name of20th Televisionto local television stations, replaced the series for the remainder of the summer with the 2018–19 run of the defunct syndication version ofWho Wants to Be a Millionaireon June 15 (of which an hour of episodes were distributed, asCopswas often paired withLive PD: Police Patrol,which was also pulled from syndication at the same time new episodes of that series were cancelled).[54]Reelzbegan to carryReloadedepisodes again on September 3, 2021. Reelz also began to carry older episodes of the regular version from seasons 8-17. Since May, 2023, Fox Business has also began carrying syndicated reruns of seasons 32, 33. Law & Crime network carries syndicated broadcasts of Reloaded as of 2023.
International
[edit]Copsis broadcast in the UK onCBS Drama,CBS RealityandFox.In Portugal the show is aired onFox Crime,in Brazil ontruTV,in Colombia on truTV, in Australia onNetwork Ten,10 Bold(a sub-channel of Network Ten) andCrime + Investigation,in Japan on Fox Crime, in Philippines onC/S 9,in India onStar Worldand FOX Crime, in Norway onV4,in SwedenReloadedairs onTV12while original runs onTV6andTV10,and in Denmark onCanal 9.
In Canada, both the original andReloadedversions of the program aired onAction(nowAdult Swim). BiteTV began airing the program in December 2014 (until its relaunch asMakefulin August 2015), while sibling channel RadX (which re-branded toBBC Earthin January 2017) began airing it on Monday, August 3, 2015.[55]Since 2022, Cops now airs on 24/7 channels byLG ChannelsandSamsung TV Plus.
Cops 2.0
[edit]An enhanced version of the program branded asCops 2.0with live web chats and program facts aired onG4from May 2007 to 2009.[56]
Cops Reloaded
[edit]In January 2013,20th Televisionannounced that a new syndicated version titledCops Reloadedwould begin airing onCMTas well as local stations.[57]The new format features slightly edited segments of classicCopsepisodes, allowing for four segments per each half-hour episode. This version contains all new graphics and soundbites during the opening theme song, and older segments are modified and framed to a sharpenedwidescreenimage for thehigh-definitionformat if they were originated instandard-definition television.[58]From 2016-2018,Cops Reloadedaired on theCW network.[citation needed]On January 29, 2024, season 1 ofCops Reloadedwas added toTubi.[citation needed]In February, 2024, Season 1 ofCops Reloadedwas also added toPeacock TV.
Home media
[edit]The program has had several "best-of" home videos, includingCops: In Hot Pursuit,Cops: Shots Fired,Cops: Bad Girls,Cops: Caught in the Act,andCops: Too Hot for TVwhich included segments containing profanity and nudity that was edited out of the network version.[59]Cops: Too Hot for TValso had a deluxe edition which had a segment containing especially graphic content, including police finding a man who had hanged himself in his garage and the aftermaths of two different shootings. Before the aforementioned segment, there was an announcement by John Langley, stating that "This next segment isn't just too hot for TV, it's also probably too hot for this video. Once you've seen it, you'll know why."[60]
ACops: 20th Anniversary Editiontwo-disc DVD with viewer favorites from each season, several behind the scenes features, and the original one-hour pilot was released in the United States and Canada on February 19, 2008.[61]
| Title | Format | Ep # | Discs/tapes | Region 1 (USA) | Special features | Distributors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cops: In Hot Pursuit | VHS | - | 1 | - | N/A | Langley Productions |
| Cops: Shots Fired | VHS | - | 1 | - | N/A | Langley Productions |
| Cops: Bad Girls | VHS | - | 1 | - | N/A | Langley Productions |
| Cops: Caught in the Act | VHS | - | 1 | - | N/A | Langley Productions |
| Cops: Shots Fired | DVD | Special | 1 | March 23, 2004 | Never-before-seen footage. | 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment |
| Cops: Bad Girls | DVD | Special | 1 | March 23, 2004 | Never-before-seen footage. | 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment |
| Cops: Caught in the Act | DVD | Special | 1 | March 23, 2004 | Never-before-seen footage | 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment |
| Cops: The Bad Karma Collection Vol 1and2 | DVD | Special | 2 | August 8, 2006 | None | 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment |
| Cops: 20th Anniversary Edition | DVD | 1 | 2 | February 19, 2008 | Cops 20th SeasonSpecial
Original Pilot Episode Parodies and tributes Famous Fan Favorite Scenes from all 20 Seasons The Story ofCops Cops onCops Lights! Camera! Action! Toughest Takedowns |
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment |
| Cops: Wildest Chases | DVD | Season 26, Episodes 8–9, 11–12, 15, 22
Season 27, Episode 03 |
1 | May 19, 2015 | None | Paramount Home Entertainment |
Tie-ins
[edit]In 1994, Pacific Gameworks created a proposal for avideo gameproject intended for theAtari Jaguarbased upon the TV show; however, production of the game never started and it was left unreleased.[62]
In 1995, Nova Productions andAtari Gamesreleased aLaserDisc arcade gamebased on the show. The game uses live-actionfull motion videofor graphics and consists of a driving stage and a shooting stage very similar toMad Dog McCree.[63]
In 1999,Copsassociate producer and sound mixer Hank Barr publishedThe Jump-Out Boys,a book about the show's production.[64]
In 2000, The sci-fi series The X-Files created an episode called “X-Cops”, which followed was shot in the style of a normal Cops episode, but dealt with the main characters of X-Files dealing with a shapeshifter.
Reception
[edit]Recognition
[edit]Copshas received fourPrimetime Emmynominations, as of May 2017. The website of theAcademy of Television Arts & Sciencesspecifically lists four nominations ofCopsfor Outstanding Informational Series (in 1989, 1990, 1993, and 1994) but ultimately no Emmy awards were awarded to the show.[18][65][66]
Awards won have included:
- 1993: the American Television Award for Best Reality-Based Program[66]
- 2008:American Cinema Editors,USA Eddie (award) for Best Edited Reality Series[66]
Other nominations (not resulting in an award) have included:
- 2016:Critics' Choice Television Awardfor Best Unstructured Reality Show[66]
Criticism
[edit]Even though it is popular and long-running,Copshas drawn mixed reviews, and it has also raised ethical questions.
Positive
[edit]In the show's third year, 1992, Alan Bunce ofThe Christian Science Monitorpraised the show as network television's "only true 'cinema verite' series "—declaring it" innocent of re-enactments, "and" free of fancy production effects, "while remaining" doggedly faithful to its format. "[67]
Bunce raved about its "honesty of tone" and the show's "commitment" to, in his words, "recording exactly what happens" (nothing more, nothing less)— "an implicit rebuke" to what he called "the excesses and sleight-of-hand" indulged in by most other "reality" shows. "Cops",he said," is a stickler for authenticity. "[67]
Negative
[edit]In 1999, theLos Angeles Times'Pulitzer Prize-winning, long-time, television criticHoward Rosenberg[68]chastised ride-along reality TV shows (likeCops,which he particularly named), as "uniting" police and media in ride-alongs where each party is "an extension of the other."[69]When invading "private property with their cameras rolling," said Rosenberg, these partnerships' behavior is "appallingly indifferent" to the "fundamental privacy rights" of the people whose homes they invade, and the resulting TV shows depict "social and moral crises" deceptively, "without context" —doing so in "the most narrow, emotional terms" they can.[69]In a 2009 interview,Copsexecutive producer John Langley admitted that his show is built around a three-segment structure, presenting an "action" piece, an "emotional" piece, and a "thought" piece[70](an example of therule of three).
Rosenberg further describes such a commercial police–media partnership as exceptionally prone to media corruption—yielding misleading, one-sided perspectives. "The collusion potential is enormous," says Rosenberg, because a so-called "reality" series can choose to air nothing that they fear will put their partners (the police) in a bad light (an embarrassment which, says Rosenberg, would cut off the TV show's access to the ride-alongs, resulting in "no access, no show".)[69]
A podcast calledHeadlong: Running from Cops[71]started in April 2019. Presented byDan Taberski,it investigatesCopsandLive PD,their alleged treatment of participants and whether scenarios are portrayed truthfully.[72][73][74]
Critics have noted the use of propaganda for cops, orcopaganda,in the show COPS.[75]
Targeted subjects
[edit]2004 Old Dominion study
[edit]In June 2004, researchers atOld Dominion Universityvideotaped 16 episodes ofCopsand then evaluated them for crime content, and for the race and gender of characters depicted. They found prior studies statistically reinforced in their descriptions of racial misrepresentation onCops.The study found that, onCops,African-Americanmen were overwhelmingly shown as perpetrators—usually of violent crimes—andHispanicmen (rarely depicted at all) were also usually depicted as violent criminals. The police officers depicted were overwhelmingly White, and the disproportionately few White offenders were more-often portrayed as involved in non-violent offenses.[76]As a response, the show's co-creator John Langley tried to include White offenders in each episode.[77]
Statistical correlations betweenactualcrime rates and types (by race and gender, as reported by the FBI'sUniform Crime Reports) and the Old Dominion study's analysis of characters in theCopsepisodes indicated that theCopsepisodes (on average) sharply skewed the numbers, racially, making African-American and Hispanic men appear far more responsible for violent crime than they actually are in the U.S. population at large. At the same time, White males were shown onCopsas a far less culpable group than they actually are, statistically.[76]
The study also noted that women were almost totally ignored inCops—seldom appearing as either officers or offenders. Finally, it noted that the show overwhelmingly depicted violent crimes, despite such crimes being a distinct minority of crime in the U.S.[76]
2004 Prosise-Johnson study
[edit]In 2004, researchers Theodore O. Prosise (University of Washington), and Ann Johnson, Ph.D. (University of California/Long Beach), studied a random, but non-scientific, sample of 81 anecdotes fromCopsepisodes—analyzing their content, subjects and characters. They concluded that the program was racially skewed, negatively misrepresenting African-Americans, depicted as a criminal class out of proportion to their actual percentage of U.S. crime, in particular.[78]
Moreover, the study indicated that theCopsepisodes appeared to selectively edit out failed police efforts, and police-initiated actions "on a hunch" that resulted in the discovery of no grounds for an intervention or arrest—showing only those officer "hunches and suspicions" that were productive—creating the illusion that officer instincts were more reliable and valid than in actual life. The study's authors expressed concern that this provided TV viewers with implicit—and misleading—justification for police actions that amounted to "racism, discrimination or profiling."[78]
Targeting the poor
[edit]The show has been criticized for its predominant focus on criminal activities among the poor. Critics of this aspect of the show say it unfairly presents the poor as responsible for most crime in society while ignoring the "white-collar crimes"that are typical of the more wealthy. Controversialdocumentary filmmakerMichael Mooreraises this tenet in an interview with a former associate producer ofCops,Richard Herlan,in Moore's 2002 movieBowling for Columbine.
Herlan's response to Moore was that television is primarily a visual medium, requiring regular footage on a weekly basis to sustain a show, and police officers "busting in" on an office whereidentity theftpapers are being created or other high-level crime rings are operating does not happen very often. It is therefore not likely to be recorded and thus not shown. The low-level crime featured on the show happens every day, providing large quantities of material suitable for taping.
Influence on viewers
[edit]A 2001 study of 117 Justice Studies[79]students atArizona State University—a cross-section sample proportionally representative of the genders and races of all justice studies students at ASU—found various correlations between students' race and gender and their attitudes towards representative episodes ofCops.The study found that students were drawn to the violence in the program. It also found that students interpretedCopsscenes as valid and informative representations of the genders and races different from their own—eliminating the need to learn about them through direct personal contact.[80]
Rejections by police departments
[edit]In 2005 in response to a request forCopstaping, Patrick Camden, theChicago Police Department's deputy director of news affairs stated, "police work is not entertainment. What they do trivializes policing. We've never seriously even considered taping."[81]TheFairfax County Police Department,located inNorthern Virginia,has similarly refused to allowCopstaping since the show originally aired, as have theWashington, D.C. Police,St. Louis City Police,and theHonolulu Police Department.In addition, the show has rarely featured federal law enforcement agencies because such officers often work undercover and as a result, they are not inclined to have their work broadcast.
Influence on the media
[edit] | This sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(July 2020) |
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Similar shows
[edit]Animal Planetaired its own version calledAnimal Cops,featuringanimal control servicesandanimal welfareorganizations.
Several other American shows have paid homage toCops'format, such asLAPD: Life on the Beat,Police POV,Live PDandOn Patrol: Live.
A similar Canadian series calledUnder Arrestaired in the 1990s and 2000s.[82]
Parodies
[edit]ThreeFoxseries parodied their own network's program.Mad TVfeatured a series of filmed parodies called "Clops", shot inclaymation,and consisted of animated cops and criminals, commonly in exaggerated situations analogous to the real series.In Living Colordid a parody called "Thugs", from the point of view of a group of criminals. In 1992, the episode "Homer's Triple Bypass"fromThe Simpsonsfeatured a parody of the show entitled "COPS: In Springfield".
Seattle's sketch comedy showAlmost Live!did a parody called "Librarians", and "Cops in... ".
In 1994, children's showBill Nye the Science Guydid a parody called "Copsin Your Bloodstream ", with said 'police officers' representingwhite blood cellsattempting to stop 'criminal'infections.
Troopsis a mockumentary by Kevin Rubio that had its debut at San Diego Comic-Con International on July 18, 1997, and was subsequently distributed via the internet. The movie is a parody ofCops,set in theStar Warsuniverse. In the movie, Imperial stormtroopers from the infamous Black Sheep Squadron patrolling the Dune Sea on the planet Tatooine run into some very familiar characters while being recorded for the hit Imperial TV showTroops.
Shrek 2had a clip of a parody show calledKnightswhich showedShrek,Donkey,andPuss in Bootsbeing arrested (the latter for possession ofcatnip).
On January 28, 2019,The Late Show with Stephen Colbertdid a parody calledMuellerwhich featuredCNN's footage ofRoger Stone's arrest the previous week, with footage of otherDonald Trumpassociates' arrests mixed into actualCopsopening titles, and a fictional FBI agent providing recaps of the action.[83]
Jay Lenoparodied the program onThe Tonight Showin the mid-90s, which included rewrites of the theme song with various insults, including "dumb cops", "short cops" and "mall cops", with appropriate characters and changed lyrics.
Two episodes of the sitcomMy Name Is Earlhad the main characters being arrested during (fictitious) tapings ofCops.
TheDead or Alivevideo game serieshad a parody show calledAgentswhich showed the man being arrested bygovernment agentsfor torturing and abusing his ex-girlfriends,grifting,fraud,movie piracy,TV episode piracy,impersonatingnow-deceased Fame Douglas,mockedand impersonated onHelena Douglason the internet andforging his own video gameand sent tofederal prison.[citation needed]
The upcoming untitledOddworldfilm had a parody show calledPolicewhich Sligs, Vykkers, Interns, Outlaws, Wolvarks and Gloktigi attempts to track down and arrestAbeand Munch.[citation needed]
The X-Filespseudo-crossover episode
[edit]The showThe X-Filesreleased a pseudo crossover episode ofCopscalled "X-Cops"(season 7,episode 12, originally aired September 20, 2000) in which FBI Special AgentsFox MulderandDana Scullycollaborate with mostly fictional deputies from theLos Angeles County Sheriff's Department(an actual LASD SWAT team was also featured in the episode) in order to catch a mysterious,shapeshiftingentity. In the tradition of the real-lifeCopsprogram, the entire episode is shot on video.
Legal issues
[edit]Home intrusion
[edit]A 1999United States Supreme Courtdecision,Wilson v. Layne,No. 98-83, (and the Court's simultaneous stance on an Appeals Court ruling in a similar caseHanlon v. Berger,No. 97-1927, and its affiliate case,CNN v. Berger,No. 97-1914) appeared to legal scholars to restrict the actions ofCopsvideo crews, and some suggested it might even spell the end for the program.[84][85][86][87]
In theWilsoncase, a reporter and photographer fromThe Washington Postaccompanied a federal marshal (Layne) and local officials when the authorities entered a home (of the Wilson family) acting on a search warrant. The Supreme Court ruled that law enforcement officers may not bring a media ride-along guest with them when entering a private home to execute a search warrant, stating that it was a violation of theFourth Amendmentrights of the people in the home to be "free from unreasonable searches and seizures," and to be "secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects." The court affirmed (or reaffirmed, in some views) the policy that officers may not bring into the home with them people whose role was not in the direct service of the purpose of the warrant. Though that court – by its own admission (stated in the majority opinion document) – was usually divided on Fourth Amendment issues, the court ruled unanimously in this case that the authorities' accommodation of the media intrusion violated the Fourth Amendment.[84][85][87][88]
The court further ruled that officers violating that ruling, and allowing unnecessary parties to invade with them, were liable to those in the home they had entered, and could be sued for damages. The lone dissent on that element of the case was on the question ofcurrentliability (Justice Stevens believed that the officers inthatspecific case were liable—but the rest of the court agreed to give themqualified immunity,because the justices believed that the Supreme Court had not yet made its position sufficiently clear on that issue; however, any subsequent violators would be held liable by the court).[84][87][88]
TheAmerican Civil Liberties Union(ACLU), the organization most associated with defending theBill of Rights,and whose local affiliate represented theWilsonplaintiffs, took an even more sweeping view in favor of the plaintiffs, preferring theFourth Amendmentprivacy protections against any potentialFirst Amendment"freedom of the press" issue in that case.[84][89]
In theHanloncase, the Supreme Court further extended the protections of theirWilsonruling to include not only thehouseof the plaintiffs, but also thecurtilage—the enclosed and concealed-from-public-view, private space around the house (commonly including yard, carport and/or garage).[87]
However,Cops'executive producer John Langley said the show would continue to be produced, in the following season, in the format of "a pure ride-along show" —claiming that the show had always gotten releases from anybody shown on camera, even those people depicted under arrest. (However, Langley's statement did not indicate whether the releases were gained before or after recording, and did not indicate whether some subjects had been videoed without giving their consent, and then simply not been shown— "involved" —in the resulting program.) Further, Langley noted, most of what the show depicts occurs in "the street or in cars".[84][90]
Impact on the Dalia Dippolito case
[edit]Copsdedicated an entire episode ( "Smooth Criminal", season 24, episode 3, originally aired September 24, 2011) to the case of call girl/escort Delilah "Dalia" Dippolito ofBoynton Beach, Florida,who was convicted of solicitation to commit first-degree murder after being secretly videotaped hiring ahitman(who was actually an undercover cop) to kill her husband in 2009. At trial, her defense attorney claimed that Dippolito was tricked into signing theCopsrelease form.[91]The defense attorney also claimed that her husband orchestrated the plot to get aired onCops.[92]In truth,Copsproducers were outraged when investigators persuaded Dippolito to sign the release form before they questioned her, believing that since it was done undercolor of law,it would be useless. They later convinced Dippolito to sign a second waiver, saying they would give her a chance to tell her side of the story.[93]
Ultimately, both defenses failed, and Dippolito was convicted and sentenced to 20 years in prison.[94]However, the state'sFourth District Court of Appealordered a new trial in 2014, finding that the judge at the first trial erred by not doing enough to ensure that jurors were not improperly exposed to pre-trial publicity. The appeals court found that the judge should have questioned the jurors individually, rather than as a group, regarding how much they knew about the case. It also found that the judge should have dismissed the entire jury when one prospective juror revealed she had read about Dippolito's attempt at poisoning her husband.[95]She was later released on an appeal to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, pending a retrial on May 23, 2016.[96]On August 17, 2016, the appeals court rejected her appeal without comment.[97]
Her retrial began with jury selection on December 1, 2016.[98]The jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict and a mistrial was declared on December 14, 2016.[99]A second retrial was held in June 2017,[100]and on June 16, 2017, she was convicted again.[101]Judge Glenn Kelley ordered her held without bail. Her defense attorneys said they would appeal the verdict. On July 21, 2017, Dippolito was sentenced to 16 years (of the maximum of 20) in prison.[102]Florida's Fourth District Court of Appeals upheld her conviction in March 2019,[103]the Florida Supreme Court rejected without comment her request to review the 2017 conviction,[104]and her appeal to theUS Supreme Courtwas refused in February 2020.[105]
The Dippolito case has also been featured onABC's20/20,NBC'sDateline,CNBC'sAmerican Greed,and the syndicated show distributed byWarner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution,Crime Watch Daily.[106][107][108][109][110][111]
Use ofCopsvideos by defense attorneys
[edit]Copsvideos have beensubpoenaedand used by defense attorneys, resulting in the suppression of evidence owing to police misconduct which was revealed in theCopsvideos.[112][113]
In 2015, "late at night in a high-crime area," aFort Myers, Floridapolice officer—accompanied by aCopsvideo crew—stopped and frisked a man who was wearing dark clothing and walking in the middle of the street. In an encounter that only lasted 23 seconds, the officer discovered that the suspect (who turned out to be a convicted felon) had a gun, and the suspect was arrested.[112][113]In subsequent criminal proceedings, in federal district court, the defendant moved to suppress the frisk-acquired gun evidence on the ground that the officer violated the defendant'sFourth Amendmentright to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures—arguing that the officer did not have "reasonable suspicion" to frisk him. More specifically, the defendant argued that the officer did not believe, reasonably, that his safety was threatened—nor the safety of others—before conducting the pat-down. The officer countered that the defendant had exhibited suspicious behavior that justified the frisk. Relying heavily on the "indisputable video evidence" that contradicted the officer's testimony on multiple points, the judge agreed with the defense, and barred the evidence of the handgun. Further, the judge suggested that the officer may have altered his original report after viewing theCopsvideo.[112][113]
At least one academic reviewer of the case described it as raising questions about how often such police actions are illegal, but unprovable—describing it as a strong justification for requiring police officers to wearbody cameras.[112][113]
See also
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^Spanish dubbingavailable onSAPfor post-2000 episodes.
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- ^abcdU.S. v. SOLOMON(UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. HUBERT LEE SOLOMON),February 12, 2016, United States District Court, M.D. Florida, Fort Myers Division, as transcribed at Leagle, retrieved May 31, 2017
- ^abcdIsler, Tom,"Defendant uses 'Cops' video footage to suppress handgun evidence,"February 23, 2016,Docs & the LawBlog, School of Law,Penn. State Univ.,retrieved May 31, 2017
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