Court hand
Court hand(alsocommon law hand,Anglicana,cursiva antiquior,andcharter hand[1]) was a style of handwriting used in medieval English law courts, and later by professionals such as lawyers and clerks. "It is noticeably upright and packed together with exaggeratedly longascendersanddescenders,the latter often and the former occasionally brought round in sweeping crescent shaped curves ".[2]
The hand took its name from the fact that it was particularly associated with formal records of the courts ofCommon PleasandKing's (or Queen's) Bench,although its use was not confined to them.[3]In the 17th and 18th centuries the writing became increasingly stylised, to the point that it was virtually illegible to any reader unfamiliar with its conventions. The hand was banned from English law courts in 1731 by theProceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730,which required that, with effect from 25 March 1733, court proceedings "shall be written in such a common legible Hand and Character, as the Acts of Parliament are usually ingrossed in... and not in any Hand commonly calledCourt Hand,and in Words at Length and not abbreviated ".[4][a]Even in the 19th century, however, an ability to read court hand was considered useful for anyone who had to deal with old court records.[6]
Cultural references[edit]
- InShakespeare'sHenry VI, Part 2(written c.1591), Act 4, scene 2, Dick the Butcher says of Emmanuel, Clerk of Chatham, "He can make Obligations, and write court-hand."
- InCharles Dickens's novelBleak House(1852–3), Lady Dedlock begins a significant subplot by noticing a particular "law hand" on a legal document.
- Court hand is referred to inT. H. White's novelThe Sword in the Stone(1938).
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
Explanatory notes[edit]
- ^The 1731 Act did not apply to Welsh courts, but this omission was rectified shortly afterwards by theCourts in Wales and Chester Act 1732(6 Geo. 2. c.14)[5]
Citations[edit]
- ^"Types of Script".Harvard's Geoffery Chaucer Website.RetrievedDecember 8,2019.
- ^"Quills and court-hand writing".Plymouth City Council.Archived fromthe originalon 2009-04-07.
- ^Hector 1966,p. 66.
- ^Barrett & Iredale 1995,p. 47.
- ^Bowen, Ivor (ed.)...p. 204 – viaWikisource.[scan
]
- ^Wright & Martin 1879,pp. vii–viii.
General and cited references[edit]
- Barrett, John; Iredale, David (1995).Discovering Old Handwriting.Princes Risborough: Shire Publications.ISBN0-7478-0268-8.
- Hector, L.C. (1966).The Handwriting of English Documents(2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.
- Johnson, Charles;Jenkinson, Hilary(1915).English Court Hand A.D. 1066 to 1500: Illustrated Chiefly from the Public Records.Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Wright, Andrew; Martin, Charles Trice (1879).Court-Hand Restored or, The Student's Assistant in Reading Old Deeds, Charters, Records, Etc(9th ed.). London: Reeves & Turner.
External links[edit]
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