Creaky-voiced glottal approximant
| Creaky-voiced glottal approximant | |
|---|---|
| ʔ̞ | |
| ʔ̰ | |
| ʔ̬ | |
| Audio sample | |
Thecreaky-voiced glottal approximantis a consonant sound in some languages. In the IPA, it is transcribed as ⟨ʔ̞⟩, ⟨ʔ̰⟩, or ⟨ʔ̬⟩.[1]It involves tension in the glottis and diminution of airflow, compared to surrounding vowels, but not full occlusion.
Features[edit]
Features of the creaky-voiced glottal approximant:
- Itsmanner of articulationisapproximant,which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce aturbulent airstream.
- Its phonation iscreaky-voiced.
- It is anoral consonant,which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, thecentral–lateraldichotomy does not apply.
- Theairstream mechanismispulmonic,which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with theintercostal musclesandabdominal muscles,as in most sounds.
Occurrence[edit]
It is an intervocalic allophone of aglottal stopin many languages.
| Language | Family | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gimi | Papuan | ogo | /oʔ̞o/ | 'a grub' | It is reported to be contrastive in which it is phonologically the voiced equivalent of the glottal stop/ʔ/.[2]Indicated as/ʔ/by one author.[3] |
| Tundra Nenets | Samoyedic | [example needed] | [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] |
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Kehrein, Wolfgang; Golston, Chris (2005). "A prosodic theory of laryngeal contrasts".Phonology.21(3): 325–357.doi:10.1017/S0952675704000302.S2CID62734231.
- ^Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian(1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages.Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 77–78.ISBN0-631-19815-6.
- ^Gimi Organised Phonology Data. [Manuscript][1]
- ^Katz, Hartmut. 1975. Generative Phonologie und phonologische Sprachbunde des Ostjakischen und Samojedischen. (Münchener Universit "ats-Schriften, Finnisch-ugrische Bibliothek, 1.) München: Universit" at München.
- ^Tereshchenko, N. M. 1966. Neneckij jazyk. In Lytkin, V. I. and Majtinskaja, K. E. (eds.), Jazyki narodov SSSR. Volume 3: Finno-ugorskie i samodijskie jazyki, 376–395. Moscow / Leningrad: Nauka.
- ^Décsy, Gyula. 1966. Yurak Chrestomathy. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 50.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ^Hajdú, Peter. 1963. The Samoyed Peoples and Languages. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 14.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ^Ristinen, Elaine K. 1965. On the Phonemes of Nenets. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 40. 22–44.
- ^Ristinen, Elaine K. 1968. Problems Concerning Vowel Length in Nenets. Ural-Altaisches Journal 40. 22–44.
- ^Colarusso (2012),p. 2.
References[edit]
- Colarusso, John(2012),The Typology of the Gutturals(PDF)
