Csorna
Csorna | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Csorna Location of Csorna | |
| Coordinates:47°37′00″N17°15′00″E/ 47.6167°N 17.2500°E | |
| Country |  Hungary |
| County | Győr-Moson-Sopron |
| District | Csorna |
| Area | |
| • Total | 91.95 km2(35.50 sq mi) |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| • Total | 10,105 |
| • Density | 110/km2(280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2(CEST) |
| Postal code | 9300 |
| Area code | (+36) 96 |
| Motorways | M85,M86 |
| Distance from Budapest | 155 km (96 mi) East |
| Website | www |
Csornais a town inGyőr-Moson-Sopron county,Hungary.[2]Csorna is located near theFertő-Hanság National Park.There are two districts in the town: the Földsziget and the Csatárimajor.
Etymology
[edit]The name comes fromSlavic*Cherna/Chorna(black), see also e.g.Čierna,ČernáorCzarna.[3][4]
History
[edit]At 13 June 1849, during theHungarian War of Independenceof 1848 and 1849, in theBattle of Csornathe Hungarian division led by ColonelGyörgy Kmetydefeated the Austrian troops led by Major General Franz Wyss, who died in the battle.[5]The Hungarian peasants tried to help the Hungarian troops, and because of this the Austrians when they returned to Csorna on 21 June, they burned the city to punish its inhabitants.[6]
Jews
[edit]Jewsfirst settled in the town in the second half of the 18th century, at the invitation of the estate owner, countEszterhazy.The majority were engaged in commerce, while there were some industrialists. The community was organized in 1853. thesynagoguewas built in 1854 and enlarged in 1884. because of differences betweenharedimandmaskilim(reformer) at theJewish congressin 1868, the community affiliated with the orthodox stream (which refused to accept the decisions of congress). In 1885 land was obtained for a cemetery and aKhevra Kadishawas established. There were also a school,Talmud Torahand charitable institutions.
InWorld War I19 Jews fell in action. During the period of the "White Terror"(1919–21) one Jew was murdered.
In 1930 the community numbered 795 Jews.[7]
The Holocaust period
[edit]In 1941 Jewish males were conscripted forforced labour(work on fortifications and in services together with other Hungarian citizens whom the authorities would not permit to join the armed forces).
In May 1944 aghettowas set up in Csorna, in which the Jews from the surrounding area were also confined. They were sent on foot and in carts, often for long distances. On 18 June they were all sent to the ghetto inSopron,and on 5 July they were transported toAuschwitz.
In April 1945 Jewish workers from a forced labour unit at theextermination campatBalfwere brought to themunicipal hospitalin csorna. They were wounded, having been shot by members of theS.S.and men ofSzalasi's "Arrow Cross"fascist party. They all died and were buried in the Jewish cemetery.
After the war, some tens of survivors returned who renewed communal life. In 1955 there were 70 Jews in the area, including 22 children born after the war.[7]
Sport
[edit]Theassociation footballCsornai SE,competing in theNemzeti Bajnokság III,are based in the town.
Notable people
[edit]- János Áder,President of Hungary
- David Gestetner,inventor of theGestetnerduplicating machine
- Zoltán Szarka,footballer
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
Dingzhou,China
Lunca de Sus,Romania- Miercurea Nirajului,Romania
Sinzing,Germany
Zlaté Klasy,Slovakia
References
[edit]- ^Csorna, KSH
- ^Hotels CsornaArchived2014-07-28 at theWayback Machine.
- ^Stanislav, Ján(2004).Slovenský juh v stredoveku II(in Slovak). Slovenské literárne centrum. p. 114.ISBN80-88878-89-6.
- ^Kiss, Lajos (1978).Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai. p. 167.
- ^Hermann 2004,p. 272-276.
- ^Hermann 1999,p. 39.
- ^ab"The Jewish Community of CSORNA".BH Open Databases.
- ^"Testvérvárosaink".csorna.hu(in Hungarian). Csorna.Retrieved2021-04-10.
Sources
[edit]- Hermann, Róbert, ed. (1999).A csornai ütközet története és okmánytára( "The history of the Battle of Csorna and its documents)(in Hungarian). Győr: The Archives of Győr-Moson-Sopron County. p. 310.ISBN963-8218-20-7.
- Hermann, Róbert (2004).Az 1848–1849-es szabadságharc nagy csatái( "Great battles of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848–1849" )(in Hungarian). Budapest: Zrínyi. p. 408.ISBN963-327-367-6.
External links
[edit]
- Official websitein Hungarian
- Csorna, Hungary - JewishGen
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