Cuadernos

*Cuadernos*
Categories	Political magazine; Cultural magazine;
Frequency	Quarterly (1954–1961); Monthly (1961–1965);
Founder	Congress for Cultural Freedom
Founded	1953
First issue	June 1954
Final issue; Number	September 1965; 100
Country	France
Based in	Paris
Language	Spanish

Cuadernos(Spanish:Notebooks) was a Spanish-language magazine that was published inParis,France, in the period 1953–1965. Its full title wasCuadernos del Congreso por la Libertad de la Cultura.^[1]^[2]It was one of the publications of theCongress for Cultural Freedom.

History and profile

Cuadernoswas launched by the Congress for Cultural Freedom in 1953 which targetedSpanish peopleandLatin Americans.^[3]^[4]The first issue appeared in June 1954.^[5]Cuadernoswas based in Paris, and its editor was a Spaniard politician,Julián Gorkin.^[5]^[6]During his editorship another Spaniard politician Ignacio Iglesias also edited the magazine which was published on a quarterly basis.^[5]Gorkin was replaced by a Spaniard exile in Paris,Luis Araquistáin,as editor of the magazine in 1959.^[2]^[5]However, due to the death of Araquistáin aColombiandiplomatGermán Arciniegaswas named as the editor of the magazine.^[1]^[3]

During the editorship of Gorkin between 1953 and 1959Cuadernoscontained only one article which included an overt ideological imposition in favor of the American policies, and it was about theGuatemalan coup d'étatin 1954 and the fall ofJacobo Árbenz’s government.^[2]The magazine featured Hispanic poems, articles on anti-Soviet propaganda and political and cultural news from the European and Latin American countries.^[3]In line with the premises of the Congress for Cultural Freedom the magazine argued that theavant-gardeor experimental approach towards art was possible only in a society depending on thefree enterpriseandliberal individualism.^[7]The avant-garde approach was also regarded by the magazine as an indication of the developed societies.^[7]Cuadernosfeatured an article byAlbert HouranionTaha Husseinwhich was published inHiwar's inaugural issue in 1962.^[8]

In 1961 the frequency ofCuadernoswas switched to monthly.^[5]The magazine was closed by the Congress in 1965 due to its low popularity^[1]^[3]and its lower circulation levels although it targeted Hispanic people in Spain and Latin America.^[9]The magazine never enjoyed high levels of circulation likeEncounterorDer Monat,other magazines of the Congress.^[9]The last issue, the 100th issue, ofCuadernoswas published in September 1965.^[5]Mundo Nuevo,another Spanish language magazine, succeededCuadernos.^[9]^[10]

References

^^a ^b ^cOlga Glondys (June 2018)."Dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom's representatives in Latin America as part of the strategy of" Opening to the Left "(1961-1964)".Culture & History Digital Journal.7(1): 10.doi:10.3989/chdj.2018.010.S2CID 158591858.
^^a ^b ^cDaniel Noemi Voionmaa (2022).Surveillance, the Cold War, and Latin American Literature.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.p. 65.doi:10.1017/9781009153591.ISBN 9781009153591.S2CID 251678160.
^^a ^b ^c ^dDavid M. Carletta (November 2016). "Review of Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America by Patrick Iber".The History Teacher.50(1): 140.JSTOR 44504462.
^Olga Glondys (2021)."Cold war controversies in the pro-amnesty campaigns of the Spanish political prisoners (1961) and the erosion of Spanish exiles' leadership in the anti-Francoist policies".Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies.27(1): 65.doi:10.1080/14701847.2021.1898154.S2CID 233205904.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fRussell H. Bartley (Spring 2001). "The Piper Played to Us All: Orchestrating the Cultural Cold War in the USA, Europe, and Latin America".International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society.14(3): 587–588.doi:10.1023/A:1007881312208.JSTOR 20020095.S2CID 140894803.
^Frances Stonor Saunders(2001).The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters.New York: The New Press. p. 218.doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101.ISBN 978-1565846647.
^^a ^bRussell Cobb (2010)."Promoting Literature in the Most Dangerous Area in the World: The Cold War, the Boom, and Mundo Nuevo".In Greg Barnhisel; Catherine C. Turner (eds.).Pressing the Fight: Print, Propaganda, and the Cold War.Amherst, MA:University of Massachusetts Press.p. 233.ISBN 978-1-55849-736-8.JSTOR j.ctt5vk8tb.14.
^Elizabeth M. Holt (2013). ""Bread or Freedom": The Congress for Cultural Freedom, the CIA, and the Arabic Literary Journal Ḥiwār (1962-67) ".Journal of Arabic Literature.44(1): 90.doi:10.1163/1570064x-12341257.
^^a ^b ^cGreg Barnhisel (8 January 2017)."Finks, Fronts, and Puppets: Revisiting the Cultural Cold War".Los Angeles Review of Books.Archived fromthe originalon 13 April 2021.Retrieved24 October2021.
^Megan C. Engle (2014).The Congress for Cultural Freedom, modernization, and the cultural Cold War in Anglophone Africa, 1958-1967(PhD thesis).Binghamton University.p. 4.ISBN 978-1-321-57159-2.ProQuest 1658532640.

[olga-1] Olga Glondys (June 2018)."Dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom's representatives in Latin America as part of the strategy of" Opening to the Left "(1961-1964)".Culture & History Digital Journal.7(1): 10.doi:10.3989/chdj.2018.010.S2CID 158591858.

[danv22-2] Daniel Noemi Voionmaa (2022).Surveillance, the Cold War, and Latin American Literature.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.p. 65.doi:10.1017/9781009153591.ISBN 9781009153591.S2CID 251678160.

[dmc16-3] David M. Carletta (November 2016). "Review of Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America by Patrick Iber".The History Teacher.50(1): 140.JSTOR 44504462.

[4] Olga Glondys (2021)."Cold war controversies in the pro-amnesty campaigns of the Spanish political prisoners (1961) and the erosion of Spanish exiles' leadership in the anti-Francoist policies".Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies.27(1): 65.doi:10.1080/14701847.2021.1898154.S2CID 233205904.

[rhb1-5] Russell H. Bartley (Spring 2001). "The Piper Played to Us All: Orchestrating the Cultural Cold War in the USA, Europe, and Latin America".International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society.14(3): 587–588.doi:10.1023/A:1007881312208.JSTOR 20020095.S2CID 140894803.

[6] Frances Stonor Saunders(2001).The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters.New York: The New Press. p. 218.doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101.ISBN 978-1565846647.

[ruscob-7] Russell Cobb (2010)."Promoting Literature in the Most Dangerous Area in the World: The Cold War, the Boom, and Mundo Nuevo".In Greg Barnhisel; Catherine C. Turner (eds.).Pressing the Fight: Print, Propaganda, and the Cold War.Amherst, MA:University of Massachusetts Press.p. 233.ISBN 978-1-55849-736-8.JSTOR j.ctt5vk8tb.14.

[8] Elizabeth M. Holt (2013). ""Bread or Freedom": The Congress for Cultural Freedom, the CIA, and the Arabic Literary Journal Ḥiwār (1962-67) ".Journal of Arabic Literature.44(1): 90.doi:10.1163/1570064x-12341257.

[greg17-9] Greg Barnhisel (8 January 2017)."Finks, Fronts, and Puppets: Revisiting the Cultural Cold War".Los Angeles Review of Books.Archived fromthe originalon 13 April 2021.Retrieved24 October2021.

[10] Megan C. Engle (2014).The Congress for Cultural Freedom, modernization, and the cultural Cold War in Anglophone Africa, 1958-1967(PhD thesis).Binghamton University.p. 4.ISBN 978-1-321-57159-2.ProQuest 1658532640.

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v t e Congress for Cultural Freedom
Key people	Pierre Emmanuel Michael Josselson Shepard Stone
Magazines funded	Black Orpheus China Quarterly Cuadernos Encounter FORVM Hiwar Minerva Der Monat Mundo Nuevo Paris Review Partisan Review Preuves Quadrant Quest Tempo Presente Tilanne Transition Magazine
Miscellaneous	Abstract expressionism American Committee for Cultural Freedom Anti-Stalinist left Neoconservatism Who Paid the Piper?(1999)