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Cultural properties of Indonesia

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ThePrambanancomplex is one of 8,232 immovable cultural properties in Indonesia

Cultural properties of Indonesiaare those items defined by Indonesian law as of "important value for history, science, and culture", and include both man-made artefacts and natural objects.[1]Thecultural propertiesnumber more than 8,000 and include ancientHinduandBuddhisttemples,mosques,historic colonial buildings,forts,art galleries,national parksand beaches. A number of the sites areWorld Heritage Sites.

The current regime for the protection and promotion of the cultural properties ofIndonesia(Indonesian:benda cagar budaya) is governed by the Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5, 1992, concerning Items of Cultural Property.[2][3]Such measures are to be understood against the background of Section 32 of the1945 Constitution,according to which "The Government develops the National Culture of Indonesia".[4]Regulation no. 10 of 1993 prescribes the registration of items of cultural property, which is to be undertaken by the relevantsecond level administrative area.[5]As of 2008, some 8,232 immovable cultural properties and heritage sites have been identified, the last being those places in which items of cultural property are contained.[6]

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Cultural properties in Indonesia have been protected since at least 1931, when the colonial government of theDutch East Indiespassed Ordinance Number 19 of 1931 regarding Monuments, which was later amended with another ordinance in 1934. Since 1992, cultural properties have been protected under Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1992 regarding Cultural Properties (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 1992 tentang Benda Cagar Budaya), which was passed by PresidentSuhartoon 21 March. This new law was passed as the old, colonial laws were considered no longer applicable.[3]

Article I of the act defines a cultural property as of "important value for history, science, and culture", being either a man-made object or group of objects, movable (bergerak) or immovable (tidak bergerak), aged at least fifty years which has or have high historical value,; or natural objects with high historical value.[1]Said objects, under Articles IV and V, generally belong to and are under the domain of thenational government.However, Article VI allows private ownership under certain conditions. The act then goes on to regulate the search for and discovery of historical objects, as well as their keeping and maintenance.[3]

Under Chapter VII of the act, there are several criminal offences related to cultural properties. The intentional damage, theft, relocation, and/or disfigurement of cultural properties, under Article XXVI, is a felony offence punishable by up to ten years in prison and/or a maximum fine ofRp.100 million (US$ 10,500). Illegal searches for cultural properties, under Article XVII, is a felony offence which can be punished by up to five years in prison and/or a Rp. 50 million (US$ 5,250) fine. Persons who neglect to maintain cultural objects, as required in Article 10 subsection 1, face a criminal misdemeanor charge carrying a maximum of one year in prison and aRp.10 million (US$ 1,050) fine.[3]

Indonesia's cultural properties are managed and studied by their respective provincial authorities known asBalai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya(BPCB). The BPCB does not have an official English translation, and usually remains untranslated when referred to in documents in other languages. Nevertheless, BPCB means "Centre for the Conservation of Cultural Properties."

Objects

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As of 2008, some 8,232 immovable cultural properties and heritage sites have been identified, the last being those places in which items considered cultural properties are contained.[6]Several examples follow below:

TheJakarta Art Building,one of numerous objects in Jakarta

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Compilation of Law and Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Concerning Items of Cultural Property"(PDF).UNESCO.pp. 3f.Retrieved6 May2012.
  2. ^"Compilation of Law and Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Concerning Items of Cultural Property"(PDF).UNESCO.Retrieved6 May2012.
  3. ^abcd"Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 1992 Tentang Benda Cagar Budaya"[Law of the Republic of Indonesia no. 5, 1992, concerning Items of Cultural Property](PDF)(in Indonesian).Government of Indonesia.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 16 March 2012.Retrieved6 May2012.
  4. ^"Compilation of Law and Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Concerning Items of Cultural Property"(PDF).UNESCO.p. 23.Retrieved6 May2012.
  5. ^"Compilation of Law and Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Concerning Items of Cultural Property"(PDF).UNESCO.p. 43.Retrieved6 May2012.
  6. ^ab"Situs/Benda Cagar Budaya Tidak Bergerak, Situs/BCB Dipelihara, dan Juru Pelihara Seluruh Indonesia"[Heritage Sites and Immovable Cultural Properties](PDF)(in Indonesian).National Development Planning Agency.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 22 May 2013.Retrieved6 May2012.
  7. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstu"Daftar Benda Cagar Budaya yang Perlu Dilestarikan"[List of Cultural Properties Which Must Be Preserved](PDF)(in Indonesian). Ministry of Culture, Tourism, Youths, and Sport. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 24 January 2013.Retrieved6 May2012.
  8. ^"Monumen Pers Nasional"(in Indonesian). City Planning Bureau of Surakarta. 10 September 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 13 December 2013.Retrieved8 December2013.
  9. ^Masjid arsitektur India
  10. ^Malay Palace
  11. ^A Hindu Temple in Indonesia
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