Cuxhaven
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(January 2013) |
Cuxhaven
Cuxhoben(Low German) | |
|---|---|
 Kugelbake,symbol of Cuxhaven | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Cuxhaven within Cuxhaven district  | |
  Cuxhaven  Cuxhaven | |
| Coordinates:53°51′40″N08°41′40″E/ 53.86111°N 8.69444°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Cuxhaven |
| Government | |
| •Lord mayor(2019–24) | Uwe Santjer[1](SPD) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 161.91 km2(62.51 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2 m (7 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
| • Total | 48,562 |
| • Density | 300/km2(780/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00(CEST) |
| Postal codes | 27472, 27474, 27476, 27478 |
| Dialling codes | 04721-04724 |
| Vehicle registration | CUX |
| Website | cuxhaven.de |
Cuxhaven(German:[kʊksˈhaːfn̩];Low German:Cuxhoben) is a town and seat of theCuxhaven district,inLower Saxony,Germany.The town includes the northernmost point of Lower Saxony. It is situated on the shore of theNorth Seaat the mouth of theElbeRiver.[3]Cuxhaven has a footprint of 14 kilometres (9 miles) (east–west) by 7 km (4 mi) (north–south). Its town quartersDuhnen,DöseandSahlenburgare especially popular vacation spots on theNorth Seaand home to about 52,000 residents.
Cuxhaven is home to an important fisherman's wharf and ship registration point forHamburgas well as theKiel Canaluntil 2008. Tourism is also of great importance. The city and its precursorRitzebüttelbelonged to Hamburg from the 13th century until 1937. The island ofNeuwerk,a Hamburg dependency, is located just northwest of Cuxhaven in the North Sea. The city's symbol, known as theKugelbake,is a beacon once used as alighthouse;the wooden landmark on the mouth of the Elbe marks the boundary between the river and the North Sea and also adorns the city's coat of arms.
History
[edit]
Ritzebüttel, today a part of Cuxhaven, belonged to theLand of Hadeln,first an exclave of theyounger Duchy of Saxonyand after its de facto dynastic partition in 1296 of theDuchy of Saxe-Lauenburg,establishedde jurein 1260. In 1394 the city ofHamburgconquered the fortress of Ritzebüttel and made it its stronghold to protect the estuary of the riverElbe,which connects that city with the open sea.
TheHamburg America Linebuilt a largeocean linerterminal at Cuxhaven in 1900. Connected directly to Hamburg by a dedicated railway line and station, it served as the major departure point forGermanandEuropean emigrantsuntil 1969 when ocean liner travel ceased. The ornate assembly hall and associated buildings survived wartime damage and peacetime urban renewal to be restored in 1998 for use as a museum andcruise shipterminal.[4]
On 15 March 1907 Cuxhaven gained city status within the state of Hamburg. In 1937 Cuxhaven became anurban districtof theStade Regionwithin the PrussianProvince of Hanoverby theGreater Hamburg Act.In 1972 some municipalities of the neighboured rural district ofLand of Hadelnwere incorporated into the urban district of Cuxhaven. In 1977 Cuxhaven lost the status as urban district and was integrated into the new ruralDistrict of Cuxhaven,being its capital.
During theFirst World WarNordholz Airbasewith itsairship hangars,nearNordholzto the south of Cuxhaven, was one of the majorImperial German Navyairshipstations. On Christmas Day 1914 it was attacked byRoyal Navyseaplanes in theCuxhaven Raid.It subsequently became a strategically important city as German authorities and civilians feared it would be the site of anAlliedinvasion.[5]
During theSecond World War,the town hosted a base of aWehrmachtradio network, codenamed BROWN, which transmitted data regarding experimental weapon developments, including rocketry. From this location the lastENIGMA-code encrypted message of the war was transmitted on 7 May 1945. It reported the arrival ofBritish troopsand ends: "Closing down for ever – all the best – goodbye."[6]
Between 1945 and 1964 theHermann-Oberth-Gesellschaftperformed various civilianexperiments in rocketrynear Cuxhaven.
Tourism
[edit]
The origins of tourism go back to the year 1816 when a seaside resort was founded in Cuxhaven. Since 1964 Cuxhaven has been a state-recognized climate seaside resort (Seeheilbad) and centre of the so-called holiday region ofCuxland.
Geographical and cultural background
[edit]The town is served byCuxhaven station.
The island ofNeuwerkis situated 8 kilometres (5 mi) off the coast from Cuxhaven. Atlow tidethe water recedes so far from the coast that the island can be reached either bymudflat hikingor byhorse carriage.
A modern landmark of Cuxhaven is theFriedrich-Clemens-Gerke Tower,a telecommunication tower built of concrete, which is not accessible to the public. It is not really a landmark, for many cities in Germany have a similar tower.
Thehigh-test peroxide(HTP) submarineU1407was raised from where she had been scuttled in Cuxhaven afterWWIIand rebuilt by the British, being commissioned asHMSMeteorite.It was the catalyst for a series of German-madeair-independent propulsionsubmarines such as theType 212andType 214.
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
Binz,Germany (1990)
Hafnarfjörður,Iceland (1988)
Penzance,England, United Kingdom (1967–1974, 2009–present)- Sassnitz,Germany (1990)
Vannes,France (1963)
Notable people
[edit]
- Carsten Niebuhr(1733–1815), mathematician, cartographer and explorer.[8]
- Joachim Ringelnatz(1883–1934), poet, cabaret artiste and painter. Since 2002 the city hosts the Joachim Ringelnatz-Museum, managed by the Joachim Ringelnatz-Foundation.
- Francis DuttonCMG(1818–1877), 7thPremier of South Australia
- Anna Strohsahl(1885–1953), first woman city councillor in Cuxhaven
- Curt Rothenberger(1896–1959), lawyer and Nazi politician
- August Dieckmann(1912–1943),Knight's Cross of the Iron Crossrecipient
- Rainer Feist(1945–2007), Admiral, Deputy Supreme Commander of theNATO– HQ
- Stefanie Schneider(born 1968), photographer/artist
- Volker Neumüller(born 1969), music manager and former DSDS jury member
- Constantin Schreiber(born 1979), journalist and author
Sport
[edit]- Jochen Fraatz(born 1963), handball player, member of the national team, team silver medallist at the1984 Summer Olympics
- Gunnar Sauer(born 1964), footballer, played 303 matches
- Lena Petermann(born 1994), footballer, played over 170 matches, including 22 forGermany women's national football team
Climate
[edit]Cuxhaven has anoceanic climate(Köppen:Cfb).
| Climate data for Cuxhaven (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1946–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.8 (92.8) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.3 (97.3) |
31.4 (88.5) |
25.6 (78.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
36.3 (97.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
2.9 (37.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.6 (38.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
2.5 (36.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
12.4 (54.3) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.2 (39.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 69.1 (2.72) |
53.1 (2.09) |
48.4 (1.91) |
36.8 (1.45) |
52.1 (2.05) |
77.1 (3.04) |
84.8 (3.34) |
90.6 (3.57) |
80.8 (3.18) |
84.2 (3.31) |
71.5 (2.81) |
77.8 (3.06) |
824.4 (32.46) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 18.6 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 13.7 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 15.9 | 17.7 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 193.6 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm) | 3.6 | 4.3 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 15.0 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 86.9 | 84.4 | 81.2 | 76.7 | 75.2 | 75.4 | 75.9 | 75.8 | 78.5 | 82.3 | 86.5 | 87.9 | 80.5 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 47.3 | 71.7 | 131.4 | 192.5 | 233.1 | 218.1 | 229.8 | 211.3 | 157.3 | 108.8 | 53.6 | 37.3 | 1,698.5 |
| Source 1:NOAA[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: DWD (extremes)[10] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^"Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen".Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen.April 2021.
- ^"LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2022"(in German).Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen.
- ^Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 677.
- ^"Hapag Halle Museum Cuxhaven".Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-04.Retrieved2014-10-15.
- ^Hastings, Max (2013).Catastrophe 1914: Europe goes to war(First American ed.). New York.ISBN978-0-307-59705-2.OCLC828893101.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Corera, Gordon (8 May 2020)."VE Day 2020: Last Nazi message intercepted by Bletchley Park revealed".BBC News.RetrievedMay 13,2020.
- ^"Städte".cuxhaven.de(in German). Cuxhaven. Archived fromthe originalon 2021-01-15.Retrieved2021-02-11.
- ^.Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. XVII (9th ed.). 1884.
- ^"Cuxhaven Climate Normals 1991–2020".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Archived fromthe originalon 16 September 2023.Retrieved16 September2023.
- ^ "Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw"(in German). DWD.Retrieved29 June2022.
External links
[edit]
- Official site(in German)
- Operation "Backfire" and rocket experiments at Cuxhaven(in German)
- Further Tourist Information
Places adjacent to Cuxhaven | ||||||||||||||||
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Towns and municipalities inCuxhaven (district) | ||
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 | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
- Towns in Lower Saxony
- Cuxhaven
- Rocket launch sites in Germany
- Populated places established in 1907
- Port cities and towns in Germany
- Port cities and towns of the North Sea
- Populated riverside places in Germany
- Populated places on the Elbe
- Seaside resorts in Germany
- Populated coastal places in Germany (North Sea)