de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou
| DHC-4 Caribou | |
|---|---|
| |
| ARoyal Australian Air ForceCaribou atBundaberg Airport | |
| Role | STOLtransport aircraft |
| National origin | Canada |
| Manufacturer | de Havilland Canada |
| First flight | 30 July 1958 |
| Introduction | 1961 |
| Retired | RAAF (2009) |
| Status | Retired from military operators, limited service. Some turboprop conversions in active service. |
| Primary users | Royal Canadian Air Force United States Army United States Air Force Royal Australian Air Force |
| Produced | 1958–1968 |
| Number built | 307 |
| Developed into | de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo |
Thede Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou(designated by the United States military as theCV-2and laterC-7 Caribou) is a Canadian specializedcargo aircraftwithshort takeoff and landing(STOL) capability. The Caribou was first flown in 1958 and although mainly retired from military operations, is still in use in small numbers as a ruggedbush airplane.
The design was further developed as thede Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo,addingturbopropengines and other changes that further improved its short-field performance to the point where it competes withlight aircrafteven with a full load.
Design and development
[edit]
TheDe Havilland Canada(DHC) company's thirdshort takeoff and landing(STOL) design was a big increase in size compared to its earlierDHC BeaverandDHC Otter,and was the first DHC design powered by two engines. The Caribou was similar in concept in that it was designed as a rugged STOL utility aircraft. The Caribou was primarily a military tactical transport that in commercial service found itself a small niche in cargo hauling. TheUnited States Armyordered 173 in 1959 and took delivery in 1961 under the designation AC-1, which was changed toCV-2 Caribouin 1962.
The majority of Caribou production was destined for military operators, but the type's ruggedness and excellent STOL capabilities requiring runway lengths of only 1200 feet (365 metres)[1]also appealed to some commercial users. U.S. certification was awarded on 23 December 1960.Ansett-MAL,which operated a single example in theNew Guineahighlands, andAmocoEcuador were early customers, as wasAir America(a CIA front in South East Asia during theVietnam Warera for covert operations). Other civil Caribou aircraft entered commercial service after being retired from their military users.
Today only a handful are in civilian use.
The Turbo Caribou Program
[edit] | This section mayrequirecleanupto meet Wikipedia'squality standards.The specific problem is:Possibly promotional, out of place.(April 2020) |
PEN Turbo Aviation of Cape May, NJ, has undertaken the re-engineering of the DHC-4A Caribou to a turbine powered variant, designated DHC-4A Turbo Caribou. The conversion usesPT6A-67Tengines andHartzell5 bladed HC-B5MA-3MConstant Speed/Reversing propellers. Overall performance has improved and "new" basic weight is reduced while maximum normal take-off weight remained at 28,500 pounds (12,900 kg) Maximum payload is 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg). BothTransport Canadaand the USFederal Aviation Administrationhave issuedsupplemental type certificatesfor the Turbo Caribou. As of September 17, 2014, only 3 air frames had been converted.[2]PEN Turbo has stockpiled dozens of air frames at their facility in NJ for possible future conversion. PEN Turbo Aviation named their company after Perry E. Niforos, who died in the 1992 crash of anearlierturboprop Caribou converted by a different firm, NewCal Aviation.[2]
Operational history
[edit]
In response to aUnited States Armyrequirement for a tactical airlifter to supply the battlefront with troops and supplies and evacuate casualties on the return journey, de Havilland Canada designed the DHC-4. With assistance from Canada's Department of Defence Production, DHC built a prototype demonstrator that flew for the first time on 30 July 1958.
Impressed with the DHC4's STOL capabilities and potential, the U.S. Army ordered five for evaluation as YAC-1s and went on to become the largest Caribou operator. The AC-1 designation was changed in 1962 to CV-2, and then C-7 when the U.S. Army's CV-2s were transferred to the U.S. Air Force in 1967. U.S. and Australian Caribou saw extensive service during the Vietnam War.
The U.S. Army purchased 159 of the aircraft and they served their purpose well as a tactical transport during the Vietnam War, where larger cargo aircraft such as theFairchild C-123 Providerand theLockheed C-130 Herculescould not land on the shorter landing strips. The aircraft could carry 32 troops or twoJeepsor similar light vehicles. The rear loading ramp could also be used for parachute dropping (also, seeAir America).
Under theJohnson-McConnell agreement of 1966,the Army relinquished the fixed wing Caribou to theUnited States Air Forcein exchange for an end to restrictions on Armyrotary wingoperations. On 1 January 1967, the 17th, 57th, 61st Aviation Companies (12th Combat Aviation Group) and the 92nd, 134th, and 135th Aviation Companies of the U.S. Army were inactivated and their aircraft transferred respectively to the newly activated 537th, 535th, 536th, 459th, 457th, and 458th Troop Carrier Squadrons of the USAF (This was Operation "Red Leaf" ). On 1 August 1967 the "troop carrier" designations were changed to "tactical airlift".
SomeRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceCaribou were captured by North Vietnamese forces in 1975 and remained in service with that country through to the late 1970s. Following the war in Vietnam, all USAF Caribou were transferred toAir Force ReserveandAir National Guardairlift units pending their replacement by the C-130 Hercules in the 1980s.
All C-7s have now been phased out of U.S. military service, with the last example serving again under U.S. Army control through 1985 in support of the U.S. Army'sGolden Knightsparachute demonstration team. Other notable military operators included Australia, Canada, India, Malaysia and Spain.
In September 1975, a group of 44 civilians, including armed supporters of theTimorese Democratic Union(UDT), commandeered aRoyal Australian Air Force(RAAF) Caribou,A4-140,on the ground atBaucau Airportin the thenPortuguese Timor,which was in the middle of a civil war. The Caribou had landed at Baucau on a humanitarian mission for theInternational Committee of the Red Cross.The civilians demanded that the RAAF crew members fly them toDarwin Airport(alsoRAAF Base Darwin) in Australia, which they did. After the Caribou arrived there, the Australian government detained the civilians for a short period, and then granted refugee visas to all of them.The Guardianlater describedA4-140as "the only RAAF plane ever hijacked", and the incident as "one of the more remarkable stories in Australia’s military and immigration history".[3]
The RAAF retiredA4-140,by then its last Caribou, on 27 November 2009.[4]The aircraft, which was manufactured in 1964, was donated to theAustralian War Memorial,Canberra.[5]
Civilian operations
[edit]After retirement from military use, several examples of the Caribou have been purchased by civilian operators for deployment in areas with small airfields located in rugged country with few or poor surface transport links.
Variants
[edit]
- DHC-4 Caribou
- STOL tactical transport, utility transport aircraft.
- CC-108
- Royal Canadian Air Forcedesignation for the DHC-4 Caribou.
- YAC-1
- This designation was given to five DHC-4 Caribou, sold to theUnited States Armyfor evaluation.
- AC-1
- United States Armydesignation for the first production run of 56 DHC-4 Caribou. Later redesignatedCV-2Ain 1962.
- CV-2A
- United States ArmyAC-1 redesignated in 1962.
- CV-2B
- This designation was given to a second production run of 103 DHC-4 Caribou, which were sold to the U.S. Army, with reinforced internal ribbing.
- C-7A/B
- These designations were applied to all 144 Caribou transferred to theU.S. Air Forceby the U.S. Army.
- DHC-4A Caribou
- Similar to the DHC-4, but this version had an increased takeoff weight.
- DHC-4T Turbo Caribou
- A conversion of the baseline DHC-4 Caribou powered by the PWC PT6A-67T turboprop engines designed, test flown and certified by thePen Turbo Aviationcompany.
Operators
[edit]Military operators
[edit]
- Abu Dhabi Defence Forces Air Wing – Abu Dhabi operated five Caribou.[6]
- United Arab Emirates Air Force
- Royal Australian Air Force– 18 ordered in 1963, with further orders for seven in 1964 and four more aircraft ordered individually between 1968 and 1971.[7]Retired 2009.
- RAAF Transport Flight Vietnam1964-1966, redesignated as No. 35 Squadron - seven operated[7]
- No. 35 Squadron RAAF1966–2000 – transferred to No 38 Squadron RAAF.[7]
- No. 38 Squadron RAAF1964–2009 – all retired.[4][7]
- Royal Canadian Air Force– nine delivered; retired fromCanadian Forcesin 1971.[6]
- Cameroon Air Force– two delivered in 1971. The surviving Caribou was sold in 1987.[8]
- Air Surveillance Service– Two ex-USAF C-7As delivered in the 1980s.[8]Refurbished in July 2010 for the Fuerza Publica.[9]
- Ghana Air Force– Ghana acquired eight new-build Caribou in 1963, which were operated until replaced byFokker F.27-400Msin 1975.[8]
- Indian Air Force– India received 20 new build Caribou, supplementing them with four ex-Ghanaian Caribou in 1975.[8]
- Imperial Iranian Air Force– One aircraft delivered to Iran. It was retired afterIran–Iraq War.
- Kenya Air Force– received six DHC-4As, operating the type from 1966 to 1987.[8][10]
- Kuwait Air Force– received two aircraft in 1963.[11]
- Liberian Army– Two refurbished aircraft were delivered to the Air Reconnaissance Unit in 1989.[12]The aircraft were destroyed during the civil war.
- Royal Malaysian Air Force– retired their Caribou from active service.[13]
- Spanish Air Force– received 12 new Caribou later supplemented by 24 former United States Air Force C-7As.[15]Final retirement 12 June 1991.[16]
- Republic of Vietnam Air Force- at least 55 transferred from USAF stocks and operated by:[17]: 43
- 427th Transport Squadron
- 429th Transport Squadron
- 431st Transport Squadron
- Swedish Air Force– operated one DHC-4 Caribou designated Tp 55 between 1962 and 1965 for evaluation purposes atSkaraborg Wing(F 7).[18]
- Royal Thai Police– used three DHC-4A from 1966 to 2005.[19]
- Uganda Police ForceAir Wing[20]
- Vietnam People's Air Force– captured several ex-VNAFairplanes.
- Zambian Air Force– operated four Caribou.[21]
Civil operators
[edit]- Ansett-MAL– operated one aircraft in theNew Guineahighlands.
- Air America
- Bannock Aerospace
- Chieftain Air
- Deutsche Aviation
- Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
- Fowler Aeronautical Service
- HAT Aviation
- John Woods Inc
- New Cal Aviation
- Pen Turbo Aviation
- Flightworks[26]
Aircraft on display
[edit]Australia
[edit]- Airworthy
- A4-210 – DHC-4 airworthy with theHistorical Aircraft Restoration Society,Shellharbour Airport,Albion Park,New South Wales.Now carries civil registration.[27][28]
- A4-234 – DHC-4 airworthy with the Historical Aircraft Restoration Society, Shellharbour Airport, Albion Park, New South Wales. Now carries civil registration.[27][29]
- On display
- A4-134 - DHC-4 on display atThe Army Museum Bandiana,Bandiana,Victoria.[30]
- A4-140 – DHC-4 in storage at the Treloar Technology Centre of theAustralian War MemorialinMitchell, Australian Capital Territory.[31]This airframe was gifted to the museum in November 2009.[5]
- A4-152 – DHC-4 on static display at theRAAF MuseuminPoint Cook,Victoria.[32]This airframe was gifted to the museum in November 2009.[5]
- A4-159 - DHC-4 forward section at theQueensland Air MuseuminCaloundra,Queensland.[30]
- A4-173 – DHC-4 on static display at theQueensland Air Museumin Caloundra, Queensland (fitted with the wings and tail off A4-164).[33]
- A4-195 – DHC-4 with the Australian Army Flying Museum inOakey,Queensland.[30]
- A4-199 – DHC-4 gate guard atRAAF Base TownsvilleinTownsville,Queensland[30]
- A4-204 - DHC-4 on display atNational Vietnam Veterans Museum,Phillip Island, Victoria[30]
- A4-225 - DHC-4 on display atSouth Australian Aviation Museum,Port Adelaide,South Australia.[30]
- A4-228 - DHC-4 on display at Caboolture Warplane and Flight Heritage Museum,Caboolture Airfield,Caboolture, Queensland.[30]
- A4-231 - DHC-4 on display at National Vietnam Veterans Museum, Phillip Island, Victoria.[30]
- A4-236 – DHC-4 on static display at the Aviation Heritage Center,RAAF Base Amberley,Queensland.[34]
- A4-275 - DHC-4 stored at Historical Aircraft Restoration Society, Albion Park, New South Wales.
- A4-299 - DHC-4 on static display at Evans Head Memorial Aerodrome Heritage Aviation Association Museum at Evans Head, New South Wales.
Costa Rica
[edit]- On display
- MSP002 - DHC-4 on static display at Daniel Oduber Quiros International Airport, Liberia, Costa Rica
India
[edit]- On display
- BM769 – DHC-4 on static display at the Eastern Air Command Headquarters inShillong, Meghalaya[35][36]
- BM774 – DHC-4 on static display at theIndian Air Force MuseuminPalam, Delhi.[35]
Malaysia
[edit]- On display
- M21-04 – DHC-4A on static display at the Royal Malaysian Air Force Museum inSungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur.[37]
- A ex-RMAF DHC-4A on static display at the Malaysian Army Museum atPort Dickson,Negeri Sembilan.
Spain
[edit]- On display
- T.9-9 – DHC-4A on display inSan Torcuato, La Rioja.[38]
- T.9-10 – DHC-4A on display inFuenlabrada, Madrid.[39]
- T.9-23 – C-7A on static display at theVillanubla Air BaseinVillanubla, Castile and León.[40]This airframe was previously operated by the 37th Transport Wing.[citation needed]
- T.9-25 – C-7A on static display at theMuseo del AireinMadrid.[41][42]This airframe was previously operated by the former 37th Transport Wing.[citation needed]
Thailand
[edit]- On display
- 12271 – DHC-4A on display at Camp Naresuan,Hua Hin District, Thailand.[43]
United States
[edit]
- Airworthy
- 2 – DHC-2 airworthy with John K. Bagley ofRexburg, Idaho.[44]
- 62-4149 – CV-2B airworthy at theCavanaugh Flight MuseuminAddison, Texas.[45][46]Removed from public display when the museum indefinitely closed on 1 January 2024. To be moved toNorth Texas Regional AirportinDenison, Texas.[47]
- On display
- 57-3079 – YC-7A on static display at theU.S. Army Transportation MuseumatJoint Base Langley–EustisnearNewport News, Virginia.[48]
- 57-3080 – YC-7A on static display at theUnited States Army Aviation MuseumatFort NovoselnearDaleville, Alabama.[49][50]
- 57-3082 – YC-7A (4th of original 5 on order) on static display at Dyess Air Force Base, Abilene, TX Linear Air Park. The U.S.Army accepted delivery at the DeHavilland plant in Toronto, Ontario during late November, early December 1959. On 31 December 1966 this aircraft and equipment was transferred from U.S. Army ownership to U.S. Air Force ownership. The aircraft served the U.S. Air Force at headquarters, U.S.Air Force Logistics Command at Wright Petterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio. until 1975. It was then transferred to Pope AF at Fayetteville, NC to serve the "Golden Knights" parachute team as a jump aircraft. Later, when Dyess was seeking a C-7 for display, they sent a team down to Pope AFB and secured this particular machine in 1992. The 463rd Maintenance Squadron deployed to Pope AFB to break this aircraft down so it could be brought to Dyess by a C5B Galaxy. It was officially dedicated here 2 May 1992.[51]
- 57-3083 – YC-7A on static display at the82nd Airborne Division War Memorial MuseumatFort BraggnearFayetteville, North Carolina.[52]
- 60-3767 – C-7A on static display at theTravis Air Force Base Heritage CenteratTravis Air Force BasenearFairfield, California.[53][54]
- 62-4188 – C-7A on static display at theNew England Air MuseuminWindsor Locks, Connecticut.[55]
- 62-4193 – C-7A on static display at theNational Museum of the United States Air ForceinDayton, Ohio.[56]
- 63-9756 – C-7B on static display at theMuseum of AviationinWarner Robins, Georgia.[57]
- 63-9757 – C-7B at theMarch Field Air MuseumnearRiverside, California.Previously displayed at theHill Aerospace MuseumatHill Air Force BasenearOgden, Utah.[58]
- 63-9760 – C-7A on static display at theAir Mobility Command MuseumatDover Air Force BasenearDover, Delaware.[59]
- 63-9719 – C-7B stored at theTexas Air & Space MuseuminAmarillo, Texas.[60]
- 63-9765 – C-7B in storage at theAir Force Flight Test Center MuseumatEdwards Air Force BasenearEdwards, California.[61]Last known Caribou delivered to U.S. Army, in U.S. Army Golden Knights markings.[citation needed]
Specifications (DHC-4A)
[edit]Data fromJane's All the World's Aircraft 1969-70[62]
General characteristics
- Crew:2 + loadmaster
- Capacity:30 pax (civil) / 32 troops / 26 fully-equipped paratroops / 22 stretchers, 4 sitting patients and 4 attendants
- Length:72 ft 7 in (22.12 m)
- Wingspan:95 ft 7.5 in (29.147 m)
- Height:31 ft 9 in (9.68 m)
- Wing area:912 sq ft (84.7 m2)
- Aspect ratio:10
- Airfoil:centre-section:NACA 643A417.5;tip:NACA 632A615
- Basic operating weight:18,260 lb (8,283 kg)
- Maximum payload:8,740 lb (3,964 kg)
- Maximum zero fuel weight:27,000 lb (12,247 kg)
- Max takeoff weight:28,500 lb (12,927 kg)
- Maximum permissible weight for ferry missions:31,300 lb (14,197 kg)
- Maximum landing weight:28,500 lb (12,927 kg)
- Fuel capacity:690 imp gal (830 US gal; 3,100 L)
- Powerplant:2 ×Pratt & Whitney R-2000-7M2 Twin Wasp14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 1,450 hp (1,080 kW) each
- Propellers:3-bladedHamilton Standardtype 43D50-7107A fully-feathering constant-speed reversible-pitch propellers
Performance
- Maximum speed:187 kn (215 mph, 346 km/h) at 6,500 ft (2,000 m)
- Cruise speed:158 kn (182 mph, 293 km/h) at 7,500 ft (2,300 m) (maximum & econ)
- Stall speed:59 kn (68 mph, 109 km/h)
- Never exceed speed:208 kn (239 mph, 385 km/h)
- Range:1,136 nmi (1,307 mi, 2,104 km) with maximum fuel inc. 45 minutes reserve
- 211 nmi (243 mi; 391 km) with maximum payoad inc. 45 minutes reserve
- Service ceiling:24,800 ft (7,600 m)
- Service ceiling on one engine:8,800 ft (2,700 m)
- Rate of climb:1,355 ft/min (6.88 m/s)
- Wing loading:31.2 lb/sq ft (152 kg/m2) maximum
- Power/mass:0.102 hp/lb (0.168 kW/kg)
Avionics
Blind flying instrumentation standard fit
See also
[edit]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^"Caribou Sales Brochure – 1962."c-7acaribou,26 May 2011.
- ^abBoring, War Is (22 September 2014)."The Turbo Caribou Is One of the World's Best and Rarest Airlifters".Medium.
- ^Henriques-Gomes, Luke (16 January 2021)."'It was life or death': the plane-hijacking refugees Australia embraced ".The Guardian.Retrieved17 January2021.
- ^ab"Defence 'workhorse' makes final flight."ABC News,27 November 2009. Retrieved: 27 November 2009.
- ^abcFitzgibbon, Joel (9 March 2009)."HONOURING THE CARIBOU'S SERVICE TO AUSTRALIA".Australian Government Department of Defense.Archived fromthe originalon 10 May 2009.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^abHenley and EllisAir EnthusiastMarch/April 1998, p. 24.
- ^abcd"A4 DHC-4 Caribou".RAAF Museum Point Cook.2009. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^abcdeHenley and EllisAir EnthusiastMarch/April 1998, p. 26.
- ^"Fuerza Pública revive avión militar Caribú – SUCESOS – La Nación" (in Spanish).Archived11 January 2013 atarchive.todayNacion. Retrieved: 26 May 2011.
- ^Andrade 1982, p. 141.
- ^"Kuwait Air Force (KAF)."Archived17 February 2012 at theWayback MachineScramble.nl. Retrieved: 26 May 2011.
- ^Henley and EllisAir EnthusiastMarch/April 1998, pp. 26, 28.
- ^"Malaysian Forces Overview."Archived7 February 2012 at theWayback MachineScramble.nl. Retrieved: 26 May 2011.
- ^"Royal Air Force of Oman."Archived1 July 2007 at theWayback MachineScramble.nl. Retrieved: 26 May 2011.
- ^Andrade 1982, p. 204.
- ^SoupartAir EnthusiastMarch–May 1992, p. 47.
- ^Mesko, Jim (1987).VNAF: South Vietnamese Air Force 1945-1975.Squadron/Signal Publications.ISBN9780897471930.
- ^abBuser, Wayne."Caribou Roster."Dhc4and5.org, 4 September 2010. Retrieved: 26 May 2011.
- ^"Royal Thai Police."[permanent dead link]fader.dyndns.org. Retrieved: 27 January 2012.
- ^Andrade 1982, p. 231.
- ^Taylor 1971, p. 19.
- ^"VH-BFC. de Havilland DHC-4A Caribou. c/n 23."aussieairliners.org.Retrieved: 18 November 2012.
- ^"Serial MSP002 C-7A MSN 149."Archived23 February 2009 at theWayback MachineScramble.nl.Retrieved: 26 May 2011.
- ^"Hore! Setelah Pom Bensin, Kini Kabupaten Puncak Papua Punya Pesawat".detik.Retrieved17 September2016.
- ^Commercial Caribou Users (DHC-4) Page 6 Caribous on Malta.the deHavilland Caribou (DHC-4) and Buffalo (DHC-5) web site.Archivedfrom the original on 20 October 2006.Retrieved3 August2022.
- ^"DHC-4T (Turbo Caribou) | Flightworks".Archived fromthe originalon 27 October 2020.Retrieved13 September2020.
- ^ab"De Havilland DHC-4 Caribou".HARS.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Aircraft Register [VH-VBA]".Civil Aviation Safety Authority.Archived fromthe originalon 7 October 2017.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Aircraft Register [VH-VBB]".Civil Aviation Safety Authority.Archived fromthe originalon 7 October 2017.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^abcdefgh"RAAF A4 De Havilland DHC-4 Caribou".ADF-SERIALS.26 May 2016.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou, s/n A4-140 RAAF, c/n 140".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou, s/n A4-152 RAAF, c/n 152".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"DE HAVILLAND CANADA CARIBOU A4-173 C/N 173".Queensland Air Museum.Archived fromthe originalon 25 August 2017.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Caribou".RAAF Amberley Aviation Heritage Center.Archived fromthe originalon 14 December 2016.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^ab"De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou".Bharat Rakshak.Bharat-Rakshak. Archived fromthe originalon 20 December 2016.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^Sharma, Sanjeev (January 2004)."Reconstructing Caribou: A Heritage Rebuilt".Ministry of Defence.Archived fromthe originalon 30 March 2004.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada DHC-4A Caribou, s/n M21-04 TUDM, c/n 270".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Aircraft wreck or relic at San Torcuato, Spain".SpottingMode.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Aircraft wreck or relic at Fuenlabrada, Spain".SpottingMode.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Aircraft wreck or relic at Villanubla, Spain".SpottingMode.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Exposición exterior del Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica"(in Spanish). Ejército del Aire. Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2016.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada C-7A Caribou, s/n T.9-25 EdA, c/n 053".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^"De Havilland Canada DHC-4A Caribou 12271".Fotolibra.Archived fromthe originalon 12 June 2018.Retrieved12 June2018.
- ^"FAA Registry [N6080]".Federal Aviation Administration.U.S. Department of Transportation.Retrieved18 August2021.
- ^"De Havilland CV-2B Caribou".Cavanaugh Flight Museum.Archived fromthe originalon 23 March 2014.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"FAA REGISTRY [N149HF]".Federal Aviation Administration.U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived fromthe originalon 5 March 2017.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^Sullivan, Cole (1 January 2024)."Historic Addison flight museum announces closure".WFAA.Dallas, Texas.Retrieved4 January2024.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada YC-7A Caribou, s/n 57-3079 US, c/n 005, c/r CF-LKF-X".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Fixed Wing".United States Army Aviation Museum.Archived fromthe originalon 22 December 2016.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada YC-7A Caribou, s/n 57-3080 USAF, c/n 004, c/r CF-LKU-X".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"The History of Dyess Air Force Base, 1941 to the present"; by Lt. Col. George A. Larson (Ret),Shiffer Publishing, Atglen, Pa.,2016. Pg. 208
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada YC-7A Caribou, s/n 57-3083 US, c/n 8".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^Veronico, Nick."Outdoor Exhibits - DeHavilland C-7A" Caribou "".Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center.Travis Heritage Center. Archived fromthe originalon 14 March 2016.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada C-7A Caribou, s/n 60-3767 US".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"de Havilland C-7A 'Caribou'".New England Air Museum.Archived fromthe originalon 7 October 2017.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"De Havilland C-7A Caribou".National Museum of the US Air Force.15 May 2015.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"C-7A" Caribou "".Museum of Aviation.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"C-7B Caribou".Hill Air Force Base.27 September 2007.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"C-7A Caribou".Air Mobility Command Museum.AMC Museum Foundation, Inc.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Airframe Dossier - de Havilland Canada-deHavilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou, s/n 63-9719 US, c/n 150".Aerial Visuals.AerialVisuals.ca.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"Aircraft Inventory".Flight Test Historical Foundation.Archived fromthe originalon 19 October 2016.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^Taylor, John W.R., ed. (1969).Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1969-70(60th ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company. pp. 17–18.
Bibliography
[edit]- Andrade, John.Militair 1982.London: Aviation Press, 1982.ISBN0-907898-01-7.
- The C-7A Caribou Association
- Caribou RosterdeHavilland Caribou (DHC-4) and Buffalo (DHC-5) website.
- "Caribou to Bow Out Early".Air International,Vol. 76. No. 4, April 2009, p. 5.
- Green, William.Macdonald Aircraft Handbook.London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1964.
- Harding, Stephen (November–December 1999). "Canadian Connection: US Army Aviation's Penchant for Canadian Types".Air Enthusiast(84): 72–74.ISSN0143-5450.
- Henley, Don and Ken Ellis. "Globetrotting Reindeers: De Havilland Canada's Caribou – an Airlift Legend".Air Enthusiast,No. 74, March/April 1998, pp. 20–33.ISSN0143-5450.
- Hotson, Fred W.The de Havilland Canada Story.Toronto: CANAV Books, 1983.ISBN0-07-549483-3.
- Kuwait Air Force (KAF)entry at theScramble(magazine) website:
- Malaysian Forces Overviewentry at theScramblemagazine website.
- Royal Air Force of Omanentry at theScramblemagazine website.
- Soupart, Roger. "Adios Muchachas!".Air Enthusiast,No. 45, March–May 1992. pp. 44–51.ISSN0143-5450.
- Taylor, John W.R. (ed.).Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971–72.London: Janes's Yearbooks, 1971.ISBN978-0-7106-1262-5.
External links
[edit]
