Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi
Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi(orDaysam) (d. c. 957) was aKurdishcommander who occasionally ruledAdharbayjanbetween 938 and 955 during the power struggle that ensured after the fall of theSajid dynasty.
Life
[edit]
Daysam was aKurdishKharijite,born to a Kurdish mother and anArab[1][2]or Kurdish[3]father, who rose to prominence while serving theSajidYusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj.[4]With Kurdish support he managed to take over Adharbayjan by 938. His position in Adharbayjan was soon threatened by Lashkari ibn Mardi, aGiliteformerly in the service of theZiyarids.Lashkari's Gilite andDaylamitearmy expelled Daysam from Adharbayjan, but he was able to recover the province with the help of theZiyaridVushmgir.[4]
In 941 or 942 Daysam's vizier, Abu'l-Qasim Ja'far ibn 'Ali, fled due to an intrigue against him to theSallaridsof Tarum. There he convincedMarzuban ibn Muhammad(r. 941/2–957) to take Adharbayjan from Daysam. Daysam met Marzuban's army on the field by his Daylamite mercenaries (whom he had hired to counterbalance the power of his unruly Kurdish troops) defected to the Sallarid and he was forced to flee to the court of theArdzrunidking of Vaspurakan.[5]Ja'far ibn 'Ali became Marzuban's vizier after he conquered Adharbayjan, but soon feared for his position. He went toTabrizand invited Daysam to return to the province. When he arrived at the city he gained the support of the Kurds. His army was defeated by Marzuban's, however, and the Sallarid besieged him in Tabriz. At this point Ja'far abandoned Daysam again, but Daysam managed to escape from Tabriz and enterArdabil.Marzuban was not far behind and he laid siege to Ardabil. Eventually Daysam's new vizier, who had been bribed by the Sallarids, convinced Daysam to surrender. Daysam was treated with leniency by Marzuban, who gave him his castle in Tarum after he requested it.[6]
In 949 Marzuban was captured by theBuyids,who sent an army underAbu Mansur Muhammadto conquer Adharbayjan. Marzuban's brotherWahsudan ibn Muhammadsent Daysam to Adharbayjan to protect Sallarid interests there. Abu Mansur Muhammad's approach forced Daysam to retreat toArran,but after Abu Mansur Muhammad suffered a setback he retreated, allowing Daysam to take control of the province. Marzuban escaped from the Buyids in 953 and sought to regain his territory. Daysam was defeated by a Sallarid army near Ardabil, and the Daylamite leaders deserted from his side. He fled toArmenia,where he was given aid by the Christians. A year later, however, he was expelled from Armenia; he made his way toBaghdad,where the BuyidMu'izz al-Dawlareceived him with honor.[7]
After the Buyids made peace with the Sallarids, Daysam realized that he could not count on them for help in regaining Adharbayjan. He therefore left them for theHamdanids;with the aid ofSayf al-DawlaofAleppohe occupiedSalmasin 955/956 as a Hamdanid vassal. Marzuban expelled from there,[clarification needed]and Daysam again found refuge with the Ardzrunids of Vaspurakan. The Ardzunid king, however, facing threats from Marzuban, seized Daysam and handed him over to the Sallarid. Daysam was blinded and imprisoned. He was killed by some of Marzuban's supporters after the latter's death in 957.[8]
References
[edit]- ^Vladimir, Minorsky. "Studies in Caucasian History: I. New Light on the Shaddadids of Ganja II. The Shaddadids of Ani III. Prehistory of Saladin": 113.
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 4(Volume 4 ed.). Brill Publishers. 1913–1936. p. 1137.ISBN9004082654.
- ^Madelung, Wilferd (1975)."Minor dynasties of northern Iran". In Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 232.ISBN0521069351.
- ^abBosworth 1994,pp. 172–173.
- ^Madelung 1975,p. 232.
- ^Madelung 1975,p. 233.
- ^Madelung 1975,p. 234.
- ^Madelung 1975,p. 235.
Sources
[edit]- Bosworth, C. Edmund (1994)."Daysam".InYarshater, Ehsan(ed.).Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VII/2: Dastūr al-Afāżel–Dehqān I.London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 172–173.ISBN978-1-56859-020-2.
- Madelung, Wilferd(1975). "Minor dynasties of northern Iran". InFrye, Richard N.(ed.).The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.pp. 198–250.ISBN0-521-20093-8.
- Minorsky, Vladimir(1958).A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries.Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd.
Further reading
[edit]- Vardanyan, Aram (2008)."On the coinage of Daysam ibn Ibrahïm in Adharbayjān and Armenia in the 10th century AD"(PDF).Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society.197:11–19.