Daman and Diu
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(October 2017) |
| Daman and Diu | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Union territory | |||||||||
| 1987–2020 | |||||||||
 Seal
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 Map of Daman and Diu | |||||||||
| Capital | Daman | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• | 112 km2(43 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• | 242,911 | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| Administrator | |||||||||
• 1987 (first) | Gopal Singh | ||||||||
• 2019 (last) | Praful Khoda Patel | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 30 May 1987 | ||||||||
• Formation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | 26 January 2020 | ||||||||
| Political subdivisions | 2 districts | ||||||||
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Daman and Diu(/dəˈmɑːn ... ˈdiːuː/;) was aunion territoryin northwesternIndia.With an area of 112 km2(43 sq mi), it was the smallest administrative subdivision of India on the mainland. The territory comprised two districts,DamanandDiu island,geographically separated by theGulf of Khambat.The state ofGujaratand theArabian Seabordered the territory. APortuguesecolony since the 1500s, the territories were taken by India with theAnnexation of Goain 1961. Daman and Diu were administered as part of the union territory ofGoa, Daman and Diubetween 1961 and 1987. After theGoa Opinion Poll,they became a separate union territory. In 2019, legislation was passed to merge the union territory of Daman and Diu with its neighbouring union territory,Dadra and Nagar Haveli,to form the new union territory ofDadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diuwith effect from 26 January 2020.[1]
History[edit]
For over 450 years, the coastal enclaves of Daman (Portuguese:Damão) and Diu on the Arabian Sea coast were part ofPortuguese India,along withGoaandDadra and Nagar Haveli.Goa, Daman and Diuwere incorporated into the Republic of India on 19 December 1961, bymilitary conquest.Portugaldid not recognise the Indian annexation of these territories until theCarnation Revolutionof 1974. The territory has also been ruled byKolis.[2][3]
The territory of Goa, Daman and Diu was administered as a single union territory until 30 May 1987, when Goa was granted statehood, leaving Daman and Diu as a separate union territory. Each enclave constituted one of the union territory's twodistricts.Daman and Diu are approximately 650 kilometres away from each other by road.
On 3 November 2019, DamanCollectorRakesh Minhas issued aSection 144order banning peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting and the use of loudspeakers across the entire and ordered the conversion of Government High School, Bhimpore and the Government Sarvottam High School, Moti Daman into 'temporary jails'.[4]This was in response to a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and thelocal administration[5]that had confiscated their land and bulldozed their homes. The ensuing2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protestsresulted with the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests. Few of theadivasifisherfolk were rehoused whilst most languished traumatised and homeless on the streets near the rubble of their razed homes.[6]
In December 2019, the Parliament of India passed legislation to merge Daman and Diu with the nearby union territory ofDadra and Nagar Havelito create a new union territory to be known asDadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[7][8][9]
Demographics[edit]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 49,000 | — |
| 1961 | 37,000 | −24.5% |
| 1971 | 63,000 | +70.3% |
| 1981 | 79,000 | +25.4% |
| 1991 | 102,000 | +29.1% |
| 2001 | 158,000 | +54.9% |
| Source:Census of India[10] | ||
According to the 2011 census, Daman and Diu had a literacy rate of 87.1%, higher than the national average of 74.04%.[11]Male and female literacy rates are 91.5 and 79.5 per cent respectively. The lowest female-to-male ratio in India (618 females per thousand males) was recorded in Daman and Diu.[12]The Daman district, with a sex ratio of 533:1000 (F:M), is among the lowest of all the districts.
Religion[edit]
Hinduism is the most common religion in Daman and Diu. Muslims are also now the second-largest religious group in the territory, followed by the indigenous Christians. The Catholic Christians of Daman and Diu are pastorally served by the MetropolitanRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman,which has its see in Goa, theprimatial seeof India.
Languages[edit]
Gujaratiwas the mother tongue of most of the territory's population, as they belong to the Gujarati-speakingDamaniyasub-caste. Along with Gujarati,HindiandEnglishare also widely used. Daman and Diu were once part of a combined union territory along withGoa(a Konkani-speaking region) before Goa became a state in 1987.
The use of Portuguese, which was the territory's official language during the colonial period, is in decline and relegated to home use. It is also used as a liturgical language by the territory's Catholics. Standard Portuguese exists in apost-creole continuumwhileDaman and Diu Portugueseis spoken by about 10,000–12,000 people in Daman.
The languages taught in schools in Daman and Diu under thethree-language formulawere:[15]
- First language: Gujarati
- Second language: Hindi
- Third language: English
Administration[edit]
According to the Constitution of India, the administration of Daman and Diu was carried out by an Administrator, appointed by the President of India as an agent of the President, not a head of state/government or a governor. He was assisted by several other officers in carrying out his duty.
Districts[edit]
The union territory of Daman and Diu had two districts:
- Diu District,an area of 40 km2(15 sq mi). The main settlement is the town ofDiu.
- Daman District,an area of 72 km2(28 sq mi). The main settlement is the city ofDaman.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Staff, The ID (4 December 2019)."Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu UTs merge for 'better admin efficiency, service': MoS Home".Indus Dictum.Archived fromthe originalon 11 November 2021.Retrieved5 December2019.
- ^Ward (1998).Gujarat–Daman–Diu: A Travel Guide.Orient Longman Limited.ISBN9788125013839.
- ^Singh, K. S.; Solanki, B. R.; Sinha, N. K.; Pereira, Jaime F. (1994).Daman and Diu.Popular Prakashan.ISBN9788171547616.
- ^"Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'".The Wire.4 November 2019.Retrieved2 March2021.
- ^"Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest".The Indian Express.5 November 2019.Retrieved2 March2021.
- ^Uppal, Jas (6 January 2020)."Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished".Justice Upheld.Retrieved2 March2021.
- ^Dutta, Amrita Nayak (10 July 2019)."There will be one UT less as Modi govt plans to merge Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu".The Print.Retrieved22 August2019.
- ^PTI (22 November 2019)."Govt plans to merge 2 UTs -- Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli | National".Devdiscourse.Retrieved12 March2022.
- ^"The Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (Merger of Union Territories) Bill, 2019"(PDF).Lok Sabha.Retrieved13 March2022.
- ^"Census Population"(PDF).Census of India.Ministry of Finance India. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 19 December 2008.Retrieved18 December2008.
- ^census 2011
- ^"Ranking of States and Union territories by population size: 1991 and 2001"(PDF).Government of India (2001).Census of India. pp. 5–6.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2 January 2014.Retrieved12 May2012.
- ^"Daman and Diu".Archivedfrom the original on 21 June 2018.Retrieved4 July2018.
- ^"Language – India, States and Union Territories"(PDF).Census of India 2011.Office of the Registrar General. pp. 13–14.Archived(PDF)from the original on 14 November 2018.Retrieved4 December2018.
- ^"51st REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA"(PDF).nclm.nic.in.Ministry of Minority Affairs.15 July 2015. p. 125. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 16 February 2018.Retrieved15 February2018.
External links[edit]
- Daman Administration's official website
- WorldStatesmen, including lists of Portuguese captains/governors of Damão and Diu
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| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
- States and territories established in 1987
- States and territories disestablished in 2020
- Daman and Diu
- 1987 establishments in India
- Arabian Sea
- City-states
- Diu, India
- English-speaking countries and territories
- Former Portuguese colonies
- Gulf of Khambhat
- Portuguese India
- Former union territories of India
- 2019 disestablishments in India
- Former states and territories of India
- India–Portugal relations
- Enclaves and exclaves