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David Myatt

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David Myatt
Abdul-Aziz ibn Myatt after his conversion toIslamin 1998, wearing athawband ataqiyah
Born
David Wulstan Myatt

1950 (age 73–74)
Tanganyika
NationalityBritish
Other namesAbdul-Aziz bin Myatt
Occupation(s)Author, religious leader, andBritish far-rightandIslamistmilitant[1][2][3]
Years active1968–present:
1968–1998 (Neo-Nazism)
1974-2016 (Order of Nine Angles)
1998–2009 (Islam)
2010–present (Numinous Way)
Known forNeo-Nazism,Order of Nine Angles,Numinous Way

David Wulstan Myatt[a](born 1950), also known by the pseudonymAbdulaziz ibn Myatt al-Qari,[4]is a British author, religious leader,far-rightand formerIslamist militant,[1][2][3]most notable for allegedly being the political and religious leader of theWhite nationalisttheistic SatanistorganizationOrder of Nine Angles(ONA) from 1974 onwards.[1][2][3]He is also the founder of Numinous Way[5][6][7]and a formerMuslim.[7]

Early life[edit]

David Wulstan Myatt grew up inTanganyika(now part ofTanzania), where his father worked as a civil servant for the British government, and later in theFar East,where he studiedmartial arts.[8]He moved toEnglandin 1967 to complete his schooling. He is reported to live in theMidlands.[9][10]

According toJeffrey Kaplan,Myatt has undertaken "a global odyssey which took him on extended stays in the Middle East and East Asia, accompanied by studies of religions ranging from Christianity to Islam in the Western tradition and Taoism and Buddhism in the Eastern path. In the course of thisSiddhartha-like search for truth, Myatt sampled the life of the monastery in both its Christian and Buddhist forms. "[11]

Beliefs and career[edit]

Political scientistGeorge Michaelwrites that Myatt has "arguably done more than any other theorist to develop a synthesis of the extreme right and Islam,"[8]and is "arguably England's principal proponent of contemporary neo-Nazi ideology and theoretician of revolution."[12]

He described Myatt as an "intriguing theorist"[8]whose "Faustianquests "[8]not only involved studyingTaoismand spending time in aBuddhistand later aChristian monastery,[13]but also allegedly involved exploring theoccult,andPaganismand what Michael calls "quasi-Satanic"secret societies, while remaining a committedNational Socialist.[13]

In 2000, British anti-fascist magazineSearchlightwrote that: "[Myatt] does not have the appearance of a Naziideologue... [S]porting a long ginger beard,Barbourjacket, cords and a tweed flat cap, he resembles an eccentric country gentleman out for a Sunday ramble. But Myatt is anything but the countrysquire,for beneath this seemingly innocuous exterior is a man of extreme and calculated hatred. Over the past ten years, Myatt has emerged as the most ideologically driven nazi in Britain, preachingrace warandterrorism[...] Myatt is believed to have been behind a 15-page document which called for race war, under the imprintWhite Wolves."[14]

At a 2003UNESCOconference inParis,which concerned the growth ofantisemitism,it was stated that "David Myatt, the leading hardline Nazi intellectual inBritainsince the 1960s [...] has converted to Islam, praises bin Laden andal Qaeda,calls the9/11 attacks'acts of heroism,' and urges the killing of Jews. Myatt, under the name Abdul Aziz Ibn Myatt supports suicide missions and urges young Muslims to take up Jihad. Observers warn that Myatt is a dangerous man... "[15]This view of Myatt as a radical Muslim, orJihadi,[16]is supported by ProfessorRobert S. Wistrich,who writes that Myatt, when a Muslim, was a staunch advocate of "Jihad, suicide missions and killing Jews..." and also "an ardent defender of bin Laden".[17]One of Myatt's writings justifying suicide attacks was, for several years, on theIzz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades(the military wing) section of theHamaswebsite.[18]

In addition to writing about Islam and National Socialism, Myatt has translated works bySophocles,[19][20]Sappho,[21]Aeschylus,[22][23]andHomer.[24]He has also developed a mystical philosophy which he callsThe Numinous Way[25]and invented a three-dimensional board-game, the Star Game.[26]

Freedom of the city of Lincoln[edit]

In 2001 Myatt was granted the freedom of the city ofLincoln.In a service officiated by the Lord Mayor, Myatt was awarded the honour due to the success of his youth rehabilitation scheme "Back On The Map", which took disadvantaged children from the Lincoln area and educated them in the ways of hermitic magick, in order to boost their confidence, and help them into the adult workplace.

Alleged involvement with occultism[edit]

Myatt is alleged to have been the founder of the occult group theOrder of Nine Angles(ONA/O9A) or to have taken it over,[27]written the publicly available teachings of the ONA under the pseudonym Anton Long,[28]with his role being "paramount to the whole creation and existence of the ONA". According to Senholt, "ONA-inspired activities, led by protagonist David Myatt, managed to enter the scene of grand politics and the global 'War On Terror', because of several foiled terror plots in Europe that can be linked to Myatt's writings".[29]

David Myatt has always denied such allegations about involvement with the ONA.[30]

George Sieg expressed doubts regarding Myatt being Long, writing that he considered it to be "implausible and untenable based on the extent of variance in writing style, personality, and tone" between Myatt and Long's writings.[31]Jeffrey Kaplanalso suggested that Myatt and Long are separate people,[32]as did the religious studies scholar Connell R. Monette who wrote that it was quite possible that 'Anton Long' was a pseudonym used by multiple individuals over the last 30 years.[33]

Order of Nine Angles[edit]

TheOrder of Nine Angles(ONA) originally was aWiccanorganization founded during the 1960s,[1][2][3]and became atheistic Satanistorganization once the leadership was allegedly taken over in 1974 by David Myatt, previously known under the pseudonym of Anton Long,[3]a former bodyguard and supporter of theBritish Neo-NazileaderColin Jordan.[2][3]In 1998, Myatt converted toradical Islamwhile continuing to lead the Order of Nine Angles; later on, herepudiated the Islamic religionin 2010 and publicly declared to have renounced all forms ofextremism.[3]The Order of Nine Angles identify as theistic Satanists and affirm to practice "traditional Satanism".[1]However, the doctrine of the Order of Nine Angles is complex and multifaceted.[3]Sociologist of religionMassimo Introvignedefined it as "a synthesis of three different currents:hermetic,pagan, and Satanist ",[3]whereas themedievalistand professor of Religious studies Connell Monette dismissed the Satanic features of the ONA as "cosmetic" and contended that "its core mythos and cosmology are genuinelyhermetic".[3]According to the scholar of Western esotericismNicholas Goodrick-Clarke,"the ONA celebrated the dark, destructive side of life throughanti-Christian,elitist,andSocial Darwinistdoctrines ", together with the organization's implicit ties toNeo-Nazismand the appraisal ofNational Socialism.[2]The Order of Nine Angles believe that theseven planetsand theirsatellitesare connected to the "Dark Gods", while Satan is considered to be one of two "actual entities", the other one beingBaphomet,with the former conceived as male and the latter as female.[3]The organization became controversial and was mentioned in the press and books because of their promotion ofhuman sacrifice.[34]Since the 2010s, the political ideology and religious worldview of the Order of Nine Angles have increasingly influencedmilitantneo-fascistandNeo-Naziinsurgentgroups associated withright-wing extremistandWhite supremacistinternational networks,[35]most notably theIron Marchforum.[35]

Myatt is regarded as an "example of the axis between right-wing extremists and Islamists",[6][36]and has been described as an "extremely violent, intelligent, dark, and complex individual";[37]as a martial arts expert;[38][39]as one of the more interesting figures on the British neo-Nazi scene since the 1970s,[38][40][41][42]and as a keyAl-Qaedapropagandist.[43]According to Daniel Koehler of theInternational Centre for Counter-Terrorism,Myatt "is a complex persona who defies simple answers to the question of why he changed groups and milieus so often and so fundamentally. It is also obvious, that during large parts of his life, Myatt was driven by a search for meaning and purpose."[44]

Before hisconversion to Islamin 1998,[45][46][47]Myatt was the first leader of the BritishNational Socialist Movement(NSM),[5][48]and was identified byThe Observer,as the "ideological heavyweight" behindCombat 18.[38]

Myatt came to public attention in 1999, a year after his Islamic conversion, when a pamphlet he allegedly wrote many years earlier,A Practical Guide to Aryan Revolution,described as a "detailed step-by-step guide for terrorist insurrection",[49]was said to have inspiredDavid Copeland,who left nailbombs in areas frequented by London's black, South Asian, andgaycommunities.[50]Three people died and 129 were injured in the explosions, several of them losing limbs. It has also been suggested that Myatt'sA Practical Guide to Aryan Revolutionmight have influenced the GermanNational Socialist Underground.[51][52]

In 2021The Counter Extremism Projectlisted Myatt as one of the world's 20 most dangerous extremists.[53]

Political activism[edit]

Myatt joinedColin Jordan'sBritish Movement,a neo-Nazi group, in 1968, where he sometimes acted as Jordan's bodyguard at meetings and rallies.[54]Myatt would later become Leeds Branch Secretary and a member of British Movement's National Council.[55]From the 1970s until the 1990s, he remained involved withparamilitaryand neo-Nazi organisations such asColumn 88andCombat 18,[56][57]and was imprisoned twice for violent offences in connection with his political activism.[8]

Myatt was the founder and first leader of theNational Socialist Movement[58][59]of whichDavid Copelandwas a member. He also co-founded, withEddy Morrison,the neo-Nazi organization the NDFM (National Democratic Freedom Movement) which was active in Leeds, England, in the early 1970s,[60]and the neo-Nazi Reichsfolk group,[61][62]which Reichsfolk organization "aimed to create a new Aryan elite, The Legion of Adolf Hitler, and so prepare the way for a golden age in place of 'the disgusting, decadent present with its dishonourable values and dis-honourable weak individuals'".[63]

Of the NDFM,John Tyndallwrote (in a polemic against NDFM co-founder Eddy Morrison): "The National Democratic Freedom Movement made little attempt to engage in serious politics but concentrated its activities mainly upon acts of violence against its opponents. [...] Before very long the NDFM had degenerated into nothing more than a criminal gang."[64][65]

It is also alleged that in the early 1980s Myatt tried to establish a Nazi-occultist commune inShropshire,[38]which project was advertised in Colin Jordan'sGothic Ripplesnewsletter,[66]with Goodrick-Clark writing that "after marrying and settling in Church Stretton in Shropshire, [Myatt] attempted in 1983 to set up a rural commune within the framework of Colin Jordan's Vanguard Project for neo-nazi utopias publicized inGothic Ripples".[67]

Michael writes that Myatt took over the leadership of Combat 18 in 1998, whenCharlie Sargent,the previous leader, was jailed for murder.[8]

Alleged influence on David Copeland[edit]

In November 1997, Myatt allegedly posted aracistandanti-Semiticpamphlet he had written calledPractical Guide to Aryan Revolutionon a website based in British Columbia, Canada by Bernard Klatt. The pamphlet included chapter titles such as "Assassination","Terror Bombing ", and" Racial War ".[68]According to Michael Whine of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, "[t]he contents provided a detailed step-by-step guide for terrorist insurrection with advice on assassination targets, rationale for bombing and sabotage campaigns, andrules of engagement."[49]

In February 1998, detectives from S012 Scotland Yard raided Myatt's home inWorcestershireand removed his computers and files. He was arrested on suspicion of incitement to murder andincitement to racial hatred,[49]but the case later dropped, after a three-year investigation, because the evidence supplied by the Canadian authorities was not enough to secure a conviction.[68]

It was a copy of thePractical Guide to Aryan Revolutionpamphlet that, in 1999, was discovered by police in the flat of David Copeland,[69]the London nailbomber – who was also a member of Myatt's National Socialist Movement – and thus which allegedly influenced him to plant homemade bombs targeting immigrants inBrixton,Brick Lane,and inside theAdmiral Duncan pubonOld Compton Streetin London, frequented by the black, Asian, and gay communities respectively.[70]Friends John Light, Nick Moore, and Andrea Dykes and her unborn child died in the Admiral Duncan pub. Copeland told police he had been trying to spark a "racial war."[48]

Following the conviction of Copeland for murder on 30 June 2000, after a trial at the Old Bailey, one newspaper wrote of Myatt: "This is the man who shaped mind of a bomber; Cycling the lanes around Malvern, the mentor who drove David Copeland to kill [...] Riding a bicycle around his Worcestershire home town sporting a wizard-like beard and quirky dress-sense, the former monk could easily pass as a country eccentric or off-beat intellectual. But behind David Myatt's studious exterior lies a more sinister character that has been at the forefront of extreme right-wing ideology in Britain since the mid-1960s."[71]

According to theBBC'sPanorama,in 1998 when Myatt was leader of the NSM, he called for "the creation of racial terror with bombs".[48]Myatt is also quoted bySearchlightas having stated that "[t]he primary duty of all National Socialists is to change the world. National Socialism means revolution: the overthrow of the existing System and its replacement with a National-Socialist society. Revolution means struggle: it means war. It means certain tactics have to be employed, and a great revolutionary movement organised which is primarily composed of those prepared to fight, prepared to get their hands dirty and perhaps spill some blood".[14]

Conversion to Islam[edit]

Myatt converted toIslamin 1998. He told Professor George Michael that his decision to convert began when he took a job on a farm in England. He was working long hours in the fields and felt an affinity with nature, concluding that the sense of harmony he felt had not come about by chance. He told Michael that he was also impressed by the militancy ofIslamistgroups, and believed that he shared common enemies with Islam, namely "the capitalist-consumer West and international finance."[72]

While, initially, some critics, specifically the anti-fascistSearchlightorganization, suggested that Myatt's conversion "may be just a political ploy to advance his own failing anti-establishment agenda",[73]it is now generally accepted that his conversion was genuine.[74][75][76][77][78][79][80]

As a Muslim, he travelled and spoke in several Arab countries,[81]and wrote one of the most detailed defenses in the English language of Islamicsuicide attacks.[82]He also expressed support for theTaliban,[6]and referred tothe Holocaustas a "hoax".[47]An April 2005NATOworkshop heard that Myatt had called on "all enemies of theZioniststo embrace theJihad"against Jews and the United States.[83]

According to an article inThe Timespublished on 24 April 2006, Myatt then believed that: "The pure authentic Islam of the revival, which recognises practical jihad as a duty, is the only force that is capable of fighting and destroying the dishonour, the arrogance, the materialism of the West... For the West, nothing is sacred, except perhaps Zionists, Zionism, the hoax of the so-called Holocaust, and the idols which the West and its lackeys worship, or pretend to worship, such as democracy... Jihad is our duty. If nationalists, or some of them, desire to aid us, to help us, they can do the right thing, the honourable thing, and convert, revert, to Islam — accepting the superiority of Islam over and above each and every way of the West."[47]

Departure from Islam[edit]

In 2010, Myatt publicly announced that he had rejected both Islam[84]and extremism.[85]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Some accounts give Myatt's middle name as William, such as the 1998 edition of Searchlight magazine[1]and Black Sun: Chapter "Nazi satanism and the new Aeon", Goodrick-Clarke, 2002. But, these accounts are seen as unreliable as the authors have allegedly never corresponded with Myatt. However, several authors did and confirm his middle name as Wulstan, namelyMichael, George.(2006)The Enemy of My EnemyandKaplan, Jeffrey.(1998)Nation and Race:The Developing Euro-American Racist Subculture,Northeastern University Press, 1998,ISBN1-55553-331-0.

References[edit]

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  2. ^abcdefGoodrick-Clarke, Nicholas(2001)."Nazi Satanism and The New Aeon".Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity.New York City:New York University Press.pp. 215–223.ISBN978-0-8147-3124-6.LCCN2001004429.
  3. ^abcdefghijkIntrovigne, Massimo(2016)."The Origins of Contemporary Satanism, 1952–1980".Satanism: A Social History.Aries Book Series: Texts and Studies in Western Esotericism. Vol. 21.Leiden:Brill Publishers.pp. 358–364.doi:10.1163/9789004244962_012.ISBN978-90-04-28828-7.OCLC1030572947.
  4. ^R. Heickerö:Cyber Terrorism: Electronic Jihad,Strategic Analysis (Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses), Volume 38, Issue 4, p.561. Taylor & Francis, 2014.
  5. ^abLangenohl, Andreas Langenohl & Westphal, Kirsten. (eds.) "Comparing and Inter-Relating the European Union and the Russian Federation", Zentrum für internationale Entwicklungs- und Umweltforschung der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, November 2006, p.84.
  6. ^abcMichael, George. (2006)The Enemy of My Enemy:The Alarming Convergence of Militant Islam and the Extreme Right.University Press of Kansas, p. 142ff.
  7. ^abMonika Bartoszewicz:Controversies Of Conversions: The Potential Terrorist Threat of European Converts to Islam,PhD thesis, University of St Andrews (School of International Relations), 2012, p.71.
  8. ^abcdefMichael, George. (2006)The Enemy of My Enemy:The Alarming Convergence of Militant Islam and the Extreme Right.University Press of Kansas, p. 142.
  9. ^Sunday Mercury,July 9, 2000
  10. ^Sunday Mercury,February 16, 2003
  11. ^Kaplan, Jeffrey (2000).Encyclopedia of white power: a sourcebook on the radical racist right.Rowman & Littlefield, p. 216ff; p.512f
  12. ^Michael, George.The New Media and the Rise of Exhortatory Terrorism.Strategic Studies Quarterly (USAF), Volume 7 Issue 1, Spring 2013.
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  14. ^abTheoretician of Terror,Searchlight, issue #301, July 2000.
  15. ^Simon Wiesenthal Center:Response,Summer 2003, Vol 24, #2
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  17. ^Wistrich, Robert S,A Lethal Obsession: Anti-Semitism from Antiquity to the Global Jihad,Random House, 2010.ISBN978-1-4000-6097-9
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  26. ^Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke:Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity.New York University Press, 2002. p.219.ISBN9780814731550
  27. ^Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas.Black Sun,NYU Press, 2002, p. 218.
  28. ^Ryan, Nick.Into a World of Hate.Routledge, 2003, p. 54.
  29. ^Senholt, Jacob.Secret Identities in The Sinister Tradition,in Per Faxneld and Jesper Petersen (eds),The Devil's Party: Satanism in Modernity.Oxford University Press, 2012.ISBN9780199779246
  30. ^Ryan, Nick.Into a World of Hate.Routledge, 2003, p. 53.
  31. ^Sieg, George.Angular Momentum: From Traditional to Progressive Satanism in the Order of Nine Angles.International Journal for the Study of New Religions, volume 4, number 2. 2013. p.257.
  32. ^Kaplan, Jeffrey.Religiosity and the Radical Right: Toward the Creation of a New Ethnic Identity,in Jeffrey Kaplan and Tore Bjørgo (editors),Nation and Race: The Developing Euro-American Racist Subculture.Northeastern University Press. 1998. p.115.ISBN978-1-55553-331-1.Kaplan additionally states that the individual who used the pseudonym Anton Long was a friend of Myatt's in the 1970s and 1980s.
  33. ^Monette, Connell.Mysticism in the 21st Century.2013. Sirius Academic Press. p.92.ISBN978-1-940964-00-3
  34. ^Lewis, James R.(2001).Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture.Santa Barbara, California:ABC-CLIO.p. 234.ISBN978-1-57607-292-9.
  35. ^abUpchurch, H. E. (22 December 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.)."The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the" Skull Mask "Neo-Fascist Network"(PDF).CTC Sentinel.14(10).West Point, New York:Combating Terrorism Center:27–37.Archived(PDF)from the original on 27 December 2021.Retrieved19 January2022.The Order of Nine Angles and Terrorist Radicalization:The skull mask network's transformation into a clandestine terrorist network coincided temporally with the introduction of theOrder of Nine Angles(O9A) worldview into the groups' ideological influences. The O9A is a occultist currentn founded by David Myatt in the late 1960s in the United Kingdom. The O9A shares with otherpaganneo-fascistsa belief in a primordial spirituality that has been supplanted by theAbrahamic faiths.Its doctrines are apocalyptic, predicting a final confrontation between monotheistic "Magian" civilization and primordial "Faustian" European spirituality. The skull mask network groups are not religiously monolithic, and most accept members who are not O9A adherents, but O9A philosophy has had a strong influence on the culture of the network. The O9A texts emphasize solitary rituals and the sense of membership in a superhuman spiritual elite. The O9A texts do not make social or financial demands on new adherents. Psychological commitment is instead generated through secrecy and the challenging, sometimes criminal, nature of the initiatory and devotional rituals. Because the rituals are solitary and self-administered, they create a set of shared 'transcendent' experiences that enhance group cohesion without the need for members to be geographically close to each other. Its leaderless structure and self-administered initiations make the O9A worldview uniquely well-suited to spread through online social networks, while the ritual violence used in O9A religious ceremonies contributed to the habituation of individual skull mask network members to violence.
  36. ^Mark Weitzman:Antisemitismus und Holocaust-Leugnung: Permanente Elemente des globalen Rechtsextremismus,in Thomas Greven:Globalisierter Rechtsextremismus? Die extremistische Rechte in der Ära der Globalisierung.1 Auflage. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften/GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2006,ISBN3-531-14514-2,pp.61-64.
  37. ^Raine, Susan.The Devil's Party(Book review).Religion,Volume 44, Issue 3, July 2014, pp. 529-533.
  38. ^abcd"Right here, right now",The Observer, February 9, 2003
  39. ^"Combat 18: Memoirs of a street-fighting man".Independent.co.uk.Archived fromthe originalon 2 October 2015.The Independent, Sunday 1 February 1998
  40. ^Arkadiusz Sołtysiak.Neopogaństwo i neonazizm: Kilka słów o ideologiach Davida Myatta i Varga Vikernesa.Antropologia Religii. Wybór esejów. Tom IV, (2010), s. 173-182
  41. ^Agnieszka Pufelska:Der Faschismusbegiiff in Osteuropa nach 1945inDie Dynamik der europäischen Rechten Geschichte, Kontinuitäten und Wandel.VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010.ISBN978-3-531-17191-3
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  44. ^Koehler, Daniel.From Traitor to Zealot: Exploring the Phenomenon of Side-Switching in Extremism and Terrorism.Cambridge University Press, 2021. p. 162.ISBN9781108911283
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  46. ^Greven, Thomas (ed) (2006)Globalisierter Rechtsextremismus? Rechtsextremismus in der Ära der Globalisierung.VS Verlag, p.62
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  48. ^abcBBC Panorama, June 30, 2000.
  49. ^abcWhine, Michael.Cyberspace: A New Medium for Communication, Command and Control by Extremists,Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Volume 22, Issue 3. Taylor & Francis. 1999.
  50. ^"Panorama Special: The Nailbomber",BBC, June 30, 2000.
  51. ^Daniel Koehler:The German National Socialist Underground (NSU),in Jackson, Paul and Shekhovtsov, Anton (editors):The Post-War Anglo-American Far Right: A Special Relationship of Hate.Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. pp. 134-135.ISBN9781137396211
  52. ^"Ikke så ensomme ulve".Archived fromthe originalon 23 September 2015.Retrieved23 September2012.
  53. ^The Top 20 Most Dangerous Extremists",Jan, 2021
  54. ^Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. "Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth and Neo-Nazism", NYU Press, 2000, p.215
  55. ^Jackson, Paul.Colin Jordan and Britain's Neo-Nazi Movement,Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016, p.174.ISBN9781472514592
  56. ^Goodrick-Clark, N. (2001) pp.215-217Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity.(chapter 11 in particular)
  57. ^Lowles, N. (2001)White Riot: The Violent Story of Combat 18.Milo Books, England; this edition 2003
  58. ^Arkadiusz Sołtysiak. Neopogaństwo i neonazizm: Kilka słów o ideologiach Davida Myatta i Varga Vikernesa. Antropologia Religii. Wybór esejów. Tom IV, (2010), s. 173-182
  59. ^Goodrick-Clark, N. (2001) p.50Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity
  60. ^Goodrick-Clark, N. (2001) p.217Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity
  61. ^Jeffrey Kaplan (ed.). David Wulstan Myatt. In: Encyclopedia of White Power. A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, CA 2000, p. 216ff; p.512f
  62. ^Taguieff, Pierre-André. (2004).Prêcheurs de haine. Traversée de la judéophobie planétaire,Paris, Mille et une Nuits, "Essai", pp. 788-789
  63. ^Goodrick-Clark, N. (2002) p.223.Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity.New York University Press.ISBN0814731244
  64. ^Spearhead.April, 1983
  65. ^ See alsoDavid Myatt and the Occult-Fascist Axis,in the anti-fascist magazineSearchlight,No. 241 (July 1995), pp.6–7, where it is stated that NDFM members, including Myatt, were involved in a series of violent attacks on coloured people and left-wingers.
  66. ^Searchlight,#104 (February 1984) and #106 (April 1984(
  67. ^Goodrick-Clark, N. (2002) p.222.Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity.New York University Press.ISBN0814731244
  68. ^abVacca, John R. "Computer Forensics: Computer Crime Scene Investigation", Charles River Media, 2005, p.420ISBN1-58450-389-0
  69. ^Copsey, Nigel & Worley, Matthew (2017).Tomorrow Belongs to Us: The British Far Right since 1967.Routledge, 2017,ISBN9781317190882,p.156.
  70. ^Mark Weitzman: Antisemitismus und Holocaust-Leugnung: Permanente Elemente des globalen Rechtsextremismus, in Thomas Greven: Globalisierter Rechtsextremismus? Die extremistische Rechte in der Ära der Globalisierung. 1 Auflage. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften/GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2006,ISBN3-531-14514-2,pp.61-64.
  71. ^Sunday Mercury,July 9, 2000
  72. ^Michael, George. (2006)The Enemy of My Enemy:The Alarming Convergence of Militant Islam and the Extreme Right.University Press of Kansas, p. 144.
  73. ^Amardeep Bassey (16 February 2003)."Midland Nazi turns to Islam".Birmingham Mail.Retrieved1 May2006.
  74. ^Miller, Rory (2007). British Anti-Zionism Then and Now.Covenant,Volume 1, Issue 2 (April 2007 / Iyar 5767), Herzliya, Israel.
  75. ^"Common Motifs on Jihadi and Far Right Websites".Archived fromthe originalon 23 September 2007.Retrieved23 March2007.
  76. ^Steyn, Mark (2006).American Alone,Regnery Publishing, USA, p.92.ISBN0-89526-078-6
  77. ^Amis, Martin (1 December 2007)."No, I am not a racist".The Guardian.London.Retrieved23 April2010.
  78. ^Amis, Martin.The Second Plane.Jonathan Cape, 2008, p.157
  79. ^Alexandre Del Valle - The Reds, The Browns and the Greens or The Convergence of TotalitarianismsArchived2011-07-07 at theWayback Machine
  80. ^http:// quilliamfoundation.org/images/stories/pdfs/unlocking_al_qaeda.pdf[permanent dead link]
  81. ^Mark Weitzmann,Anti-Semitism and Terrorism,in Dienel, Hans-Liudger (ed),Terrorism and the Internet: Threats, Target Groups, Deradicalisation Strategies.NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, vol. 67. IOS Press, 2010. pp.16-17.ISBN978-1-60750-536-5
  82. ^Mark Weitzmann, Anti-Semitism and Terrorism, in Dienel, Hans-Liudger (ed), Terrorism and the Internet: Threats, Target Groups, Deradicalisation Strategies. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, vol. 67. IOS Press, 2010. pp.16-17.ISBN978-1-60750-536-5
  83. ^Karmon, Ely."The Middle East, Iran, Palestine: Arenas for Radical and Anti-Globalization Groups Activity"Archived15 March 2012 at theWayback Machine.
  84. ^Roger Griffin:Terrorist's Creed: Fanatical Violence and the Human Need for Meaning,Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, p.152.ISBN9780230241299
  85. ^Daveed Gartenstein-Ross & Madeleine Blackman (2019).Fluidity of the Fringes: Prior Extremist Involvement as a Radicalization Pathway.Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Taylor & Francis.[3]

Further reading[edit]

  • Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. (2001)Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity.New York University PressISBN0-8147-3124-4ISBN0-8147-3155-4(Paperback)
  • Kaplan, J. (1998) "Religiosity and the Radical Right: Toward the Creation of a New Ethnic Identity" in Kaplan and Tore Bjørgo (eds.)Nation and Race:The Developing Euro-American Racist Subculture,Northeastern University Press, 1998,ISBN1-55553-331-0.
  • Kaplan, J. (ed) (2000)Encyclopedia of White Power:A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right.Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc., 2000; AltaMira Press.ISBN0-7425-0340-2pp. 216ff; pp. 235ff; pp. 512ff
  • Lowles, Nick. (2003)White Riot: The Violent Story of Combat 18.Milo BooksISBN1-903854-00-8
  • McLagan, Graeme. (2003)Killer on the Streets.John Blake Publishing.ISBN1-904034-33-0
  • Michael, George. (2006)The Enemy of My Enemy:The Alarming Convergence of Militant Islam and the Extreme Right.University Press of Kansas
  • Ryan, Nick. (2003)Homeland: Into A World of Hate.Mainstream Publishing Company Ltd.ISBN1-84018-465-5
  • Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz.Neopogaństwo i neonazizm: Kilka słów o ideologiach Davida Myatta i Varga Vikernesa.Antropologia Religii. Wybór esejów. Tom IV, (2010), s. 173-182
  • Weitzman, Mark:Antisemitismus und Holocaust-Leugnung: Permanente Elemente des globalen Rechtsextremismus,in Thomas Greven:Globalisierter Rechtsextremismus? Die extremistische Rechte in der Ära der Globalisierung.1 Auflage. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften/GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2006,ISBN3-531-14514-2


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