Decane
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Decane[1] | |
| Other names
Decyl hydride
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| 1696981 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.262 |
| EC Number |
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| MeSH | decane |
PubChemCID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 2247 |
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C10H22 | |
| Molar mass | 142.286g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like (in high concentrations) |
| Density | 0.730 g mL−1 |
| Melting point | −30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K |
| Boiling point | 173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K |
| logP | 5.802 |
| Vapor pressure | 195 Pa[2] |
| 2.1 nmol Pa−1kg−1 | |
| -119.74·10−6cm3/mol | |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.1381 W m−1K−1(300 K)[3] |
Refractive index(nD)
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1.411–1.412 |
| Viscosity |
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| Thermochemistry | |
| 315.46 J K−1mol−1 | |
Std molar
entropy(S⦵298) |
425.89 J K−1mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation(ΔfH⦵298) |
−302.1–−299.9 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion(ΔcH⦵298) |
−6779.21–−6777.45 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health(OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Flammable, moderately toxic |
| GHSlabelling: | |
 
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| Danger | |
| H226,H302,H304,H305 | |
| P301+P310,P331 | |
| NFPA 704(fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K) |
| 210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 0.8–2.6% |
| Lethal doseor concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50(median dose)
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| Safety data sheet(SDS) | hazard |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Decaneis analkanehydrocarbonwith thechemical formulaC10H22.Although 75 structuralisomersare possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ( "n-decane "), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3.All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.[5]These isomers areflammableliquids.Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) ingasoline(petrol) andkerosene.[6][7]Like other alkanes, it is anonpolarsolvent, and does not dissolve inwater,and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.[8]
Reactions[edit]
Decane undergoescombustion,just like otheralkanes.In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to formwaterandcarbon dioxide.
- 2 C10H22+ 31 O2→ 20 CO2+ 22 H2O
With insufficient oxygen,carbon monoxideis also formed.
Physical properties[edit]
It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1.[9]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^"decane - Compound Summary".PubChem Compound.USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records.Retrieved5 January2012.
- ^Yaws, Carl L. (1999).Chemical Properties Handbook.New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 159–179.ISBN0-07-073401-1.
- ^Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
- ^Dymond, J. H.; Oye, H. A. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n-Alkanes".Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data.23(1): 41–53.Bibcode:1994JPCRD..23...41D.doi:10.1063/1.555943.ISSN0047-2689.
- ^"75 Isomers of Decane".The Third Millennium Online!(in Latin).Retrieved26 July2021.
- ^"Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name".chemistryexplained.Retrieved2016-01-28.
- ^"n-Decane (Annotation)".Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB).National Center for Biotechnology Information.Retrieved7 July2022.
- ^Griesbaum, Karl; Behr, Arno; Biedenkapp, Dieter; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Garbe, Dorothea; Paetz, Christian; Collin, Gerd; Mayer, Dieter; Höke, Hartmut (15 June 2000), "Hydrocarbons",Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227,ISBN3527306730
- ^Website of KrüssArchived2013-12-01 at theWayback Machine(8.10.2009)
External links[edit]
Media related toDecaneat Wikimedia Commons- Material Safety Data Sheet for DecaneArchived23 January 2011 at theWayback Machine
- CHEMINFO DecaneArchived5 November 2006 at theWayback Machine
