December 1924

The following events occurred inDecember 1924:

December 1, 1924 (Monday)

Anattempt by Communists to overthrow the governmentofEstoniafailed, leaving 125 of the 335 rebels dead, and 500 more arrested. The Estonian Army lost 26 soldiers and cadets.Communist International(Comintern), based in the Soviet Union, had ordered theEstonian Communist Partyto stage the coup and provided weapons. The rebels attacked a dormitory for cadets of the Estonian Military Academy with grenades, but fled when the cadets fought back. TheToompea CastleinTallinnand a military airfield atLasnamäewere briefly under Communist control, but within five hours after the 5:00 a.m. start, government forces had defeated the rebels.^[1]
Boston Arenahosted the firstNational Hockey Leaguegame ever played in the United States as the NHL's two newest franchises, with theBoston Bruinsand theMontreal Maroons.Boston won, 2 to 1.^[2]^[3]Smokey Harrisscored the first-ever Bruins goal.^[4]
Plutarco Elías Calleswas inaugurated to a 4-year term as the 47thPresident of Mexico.^[5]
FromLatakia,leaders of theAlawite Statewithin the semi-autonomousSyrian Federationannounced that they would not join the states ofAleppoandDamascusin the creation of theState of Syria.
An agreement to start the first chapter of theKu Klux Klan in Canadawas signed between C. Lewis Fowler of New York City and Richard L. Cowan of Toronto. Cowan named himself theImperial Wizardof the white supremacist Knights of Ku Klux Klan of Canada on January 1.^[6]
Fritz Angerstein,an official with a limestone mine in the German town ofHaiger,murdered eight people in the villa where he lived, killing his wife, his mother-in-law and sister-in-law, his maid and two gardeners, and two of his fellow workers. He would be executed by beheading on November 17, 1925.^[7]
The musicalLady, Be Good,with music byGeorgeand lyrics byIra Gershwin,opened at theLiberty TheatreonBroadwayfor the first of 330 performances.^[8]
The drama filmRomola,starringLillian Gish,premiered atGeorge M. Cohan's Theatrein New York City.^[9]
Born:
- Suraj N. Gupta,Indian-born U.S. theoretical physicist noted for his contributions toquantum field theory,including theGupta–Bleuler quantization;inPunjab Province,British India (d. 2021)^[10]
- Fazle Kaderi Mohammad Abdul Munim,Chief Justice of Bangladeshfrom 1982 to 1989; inDhaka,Bengal Province,British India (d. 2001)^[11]
- GeneralSawar Khan,Vice Chief of Staff of thePakistan Army1980 to 1984, andGovernor of Punjab province,1978-1980;^[12]inRawalpindi District,Punjab Province,British India (d. 2023)
Died:Reuben "Dummy" Stephenson,55, the firstdeafMajor League Baseball player.^[13]Stephenson played as a center fielder for eight games for thePhiladelphia Philliesin September 1892.^[14]

December 2, 1924 (Tuesday)

A devastatingearthquakestruckJavain theDutch East Indies(nowIndonesia), killing 727 people.^[15]
Voldemārs Zāmuēlsannounced his resignation asPrime Minister of Latvia,along with his cabinet of ministers. He was replaced byHugo Celmiņšon December 19.
TheoperettaThe Student Prince,bySigmund Romberg,premiered atJolson's 59th Street TheatreonBroadwayfor the first of 608 performances.^[16]
Born:
- Alexander Haig,United States Secretary of Statefrom 1981 to 1982, former Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) from 1974 to 1979, andWhite House Chief of Stafffrom 1972 to 1974; inBala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania(d. 2010)^[17]
- Jack Davis;American cartoonist and illustrator; inAtlanta^[18](d. 2016)
Died:
- Hugo von Seeliger,75, German astronomer known for his discovery of theSeeliger Effect
- Emmy Achté,74, Finnish opera mezzo-soprano^[19]
- Kazimieras Būga,45, Lithuanian linguist

December 3, 1924 (Wednesday)

The third, and longest, expedition by theCompagnie générale transsaharienne(CGT) to find an effective automobile route across theSahara Desertcompleted an 18-day, 2,200-mile (3,500 km) journey, reachingSavè(now inBenin) after having departed fromColomb-BécharinAlgeriaon November 15. Led by CGT founderGaston Gradis,with eleven other persons, the expedition featured three six-wheel, double-tiredRenaultautomobiles.^[20]
U.S. presidentCalvin Coolidgedelivered his 2ndState of the Unionmessage to theUnited States Congress.Unlike in 1923, Coolidge delivered a written address instead of giving a speech.^[21]The message stated that the present state of the Union "may be regarded with encouragement and satisfaction by every American."^[22]
Born:
- U.S. Army Major GeneralMary E. Clarke,the first woman to attain the rank ofmajor generalin the United States Army, known also for the longest U.S. Army career (36 years) served by a woman; inRochester, New York(d. 2011)^[23]
- F. Sionil José,Philippine novelist; inRosales, Pangasinan(d. 2022)

December 4, 1924 (Thursday)

The silent filmGreed,written and directed byErich von Stroheim,premiered at the Cosmopolitan Theatre in New York.^[24]The psychological thriller, starringGibson GowlandandZaSu Pitts,withJean Hersholt,was edited to 22reels^[25]and eventually to 10 reels (2 hours and 10 minutes) for general audiences.^[26]^[27]It would be described by later filmmakers as a major influence on their technique, and by many critics as one of the greatest films ever made.^[24]
PortugueseswindlerAlves dos Reiscarried out one of the largest frauds in history against theBank of Portugal,approaching the currency printerWaterlow and SonsofLondonwith a letter of introduction from theJoh. Enschedécurrency printing company of the Netherlands and arranging for the printing of 200,000 bank notes, each with a face value of 500Portuguese escudos,with the same serial numbers as a previous Waterlow printing. The first notes were delivered in February by accomplices of Reis.^[28]
The 85-foot (26 m) highGateway of Indiamonument, designed by architectGeorge Wittet,was inaugurated inBombay(now Mumbai) inBritish Indiain a ceremony by theGovernor-General,theEarl of Reading.^[29]
The ocean linerSSBelgenlanddeparted from New York City with at least 350 passengers to begin a cruise around the world that would last for more than four months.^[30]Only 235 of the passengers remained aboard on theBelgenlandfor the entire cruise.^[31]
The trial of confessed serial killerFritz Haarmannbegan in Germany. Haarmann would be convicted of 24 murders on December 19.^[32]
Died:Cipriano Castro,66, president of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908

December 5, 1924 (Friday)

TheBattle of Meccatook place asAbdulaziz Ibn Saud,ruler of theSultanate of Nejd,overwhelmed the outnumbered defenders of theKingdom of Hejazand forced Ali bin Hussein,King of Hejaz,to flee the city. The final rout completed theSaudi conquest of Hejazand the union of Nejd and Hejaz asSaudi Arabia.After the battle, Ibn Saud enteredMeccainihram clothing,making theumrah,one of the two forms of the Muslim pilgrimage to theGreat Mosque of Mecca.The umrah differs from thehajjin that the umrah pilgrimage takes place outside of the month ofDhu al-Hijjah,and Saud made the trip on the 8th day ofJumada I.^[33]
TheState of Syria(Dawlat Sūriyā) was created within theMandate for Syria and the Lebanonby Decree No. 2980, uniting theState of Aleppoand theState of Damascusunder one common native assembly and administration.^[34]
Fayzulla Xoʻjayevbecame the Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of theUzbek SSR,which had become a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. On February 17, he would become Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.^[35]
Benito Mussoliniintroduced a bill enforcing widespread press censorship.^[36]
A firstWoolworths Australia department storeopened in downtownSydney,as predecessor name was Woolworths Stupendous Bargain Basement.^[37]
Born:
- Robert Sobukwe,South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and the founder and first president of thePan Africanist Congress,from 1959 to 1963; inGraaff-Reinet,Eastern Cape(d. 1978 from cancer)
- David Schwendeman,American taxidermist for theAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryinNew York Cityfrom 1959 to 1988;^[38]inMilltown, New Jersey(d. 2012)
- John Keston,British-born American stage actor known for breaking long distance world records for his age group; inLondon(d. 2022)
- Abram Ilyich Fet,Soviet Russian mathematician; inOdessa,Ukrainian SSR,Soviet Union (d. 2009)
Died:
- S. Subramania Iyer,82, founder of theIndian Home Rule movementand co-founder of theIndian National Congress
- Arnold Sommerling,26, a leader of the Communist attempt to overthrow the Estonian government, was shot by police after resisting arrest.

December 6, 1924 (Saturday)

France rounded up over 300 communists in raids on their headquarters, including some 70 of foreign nationality that were to be deported. "There are too many foreign communists in France who forget their duty to the country that has given them asylum", Prime MinisterÉdouard Herriottold theChamber of Deputies."They are indulging in political demonstrations, and we will not tolerate it, we will not let them meddle in our political life. If we meet with resistance we will break it, and we will deport as many as necessary."^[39]
Born:
- Wally Cox,American comedian and actor; inDetroit(d. 1973)
- George Pinker,British obstetrician and gynecologist for the British royal family; inCalcutta,British India(d. 2007)^[40]
Died:
- Geneva "Gene" Stratton-Porter,61, American author, screenwriter and naturalist^[41]
- Annie Moore,60, Irish-born American known for becoming, on January 1, 1892, the first immigrant to pass inspection at the newly-openedEllis Islandcustoms facility.^[42]

December 7, 1924 (Sunday)

Voting was held in Germanyfor all 493 seats of theReichstag,which had increased in size from 472 seats since theelection held in May.Thecoalition governmentof ChancellorWilhelm Marx,composed of ministers from his ownZentrum Party,theDeusche Volkspartei(DVP) and theDeutsche Demokratische Partei(DDP) as the oppositionSozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands(SPD) increased its plurality by 31 seats.^[43]
A post-season game was played betweenthe two teams with the best records in the NFL,as the first-placeCleveland Bulldogs(7–1–1) lost to theChicago Bears(6–1–4) in Chicago, 22 to 0, before a crowd of 18,000 people. The game was described the next day in newspapers as the NFL championship.^[44]However, the NFL rules at the time provided that the season ended on November 30 and made no provision for a post-season championship, so Cleveland was deemed the title winner with the best season record (.875 to Chicago's.857) and the contest was considered to be only an exhibition game.^[45]
Born:
- Mário Soares,president of Portugalfrom 1986 to 1996, andprime minister1976 to 1978 and 1983 to 1985; inLisbon(d. 2017)^[46]
- Ernest Fleischmann,German-born American musician who served as executive director of theLos Angeles Philharmonicorchestra from 1969 to 1999; inFrankfurt am Main(d. 2010)^[47]
- Bent Fabric(stage name for Bent Fabricus-Bjerre), pianist and composer, inFrederiksberg,Denmark (d. 2020)
- Jovanka Broz(néeJovanka Budisavljević), wife ofYugoslavian president Josip Broz Titothroughout his entire presidency from 1952 to 1980; inBelgrade,SR Serbia,Yugoslavia(d. 2013)^[48]

December 8, 1924 (Monday)

The 31-storyBook-Cadillac Hotel,at the time the tallest hotel in the world, opened inDetroit.^[49]J. Burgess Book, Frank Book and Herbert Book purchased the old Cadillac Hotel and closed it on June 26, 1923, then demolished it and had the new, 1,136-room luxury hotel built within less than a year and a half.
The longest continuous rivalry in theNational Hockey League,between the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Canadiens,began at Boston Arena, with a come-from-behind 4-3 win by Montreal over the Bruins.^[50]In their first 100 seasons, the teams met in the Stanley Cup finals seven times (1930, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1977 and 1978), with Montreal winning all seven finals.
Born:María Esther Zuno,Mexican women's rights activist and the wife of PresidentLuis Echeverríaduring his term of office from 1970 to 1976; inGuadalajara,Jaliscostate. During her husband's presidency, she declined to call herselfprimera dama( "First Lady" ), choosing the titlecompañera( "comrade" ) (d. 1999)^[51]
Died:Xaver Scharwenka,74, German-Polish pianist, composer and teacher

December 9, 1924 (Tuesday)

A new session of British parliament was opened byGeorge VandQueen Mary.^[52]TheKing's speechincluded a plan to enlarge the naval base atSingapore.^[53]
Born:Manlio Sgalambro,philosopher and writer, inLentini,Italy (d. 2014)

December 10, 1924 (Wednesday)

The 1924Nobel Prizeswere awarded. The honorees wereManne Siegbahnof Sweden forPhysics,Willem Einthovenof the Netherlands (Medicine), andWładysław Reymontof Poland (Literature). No Prize was awarded for Chemistry or Peace this year.^[36]^[54]
TheSociety for Human Rights(SHR), the firstgay rightsorganization in the United States, was founded inChicagobyHenry Gerber.On December 24, 1924, the U.S. state ofIllinoisgranted the SHR a charter to operate as a non-profit corporation, which listed its mission as one "to promote and protect the interests of people who by reasons of mental and physical abnormalities are abused and hindered in the legal pursuit of happiness which is guaranteed them by the Declaration of Independence and to combat the public prejudices against them by dissemination of factors according to modern science among intellectuals of mature age."^[55]The SHR lasted only a few months before the arrest of Gerber and the Society's other members in 1925.^[56]
Near the village ofBolidenin Sweden, the firstgoldfrom what would become the largest and richest gold mine in Europe, was discovered by prospectors led by Oscar Falkman, founder ofBoliden AB.Mining would continue for more than 50 years before the exhaustion of the gold by 1967.
Died:August Belmont, Jr.,71, American financier who financed theInterborough Rapid Transit Companythat constructed and operated the originalNew York City Subway,as well as creating theBelmont Parkthoroughbred horse racing venue in the New York suburb ofElmont, New York.^[57]

December 11, 1924 (Thursday)

120px|thumb|Duke

James B. Duke,founder of theAmerican Tobacco CompanyandDuke Power Company,a philanthropist who was one of the wealthiest men in the U.S., gave $40,000,000 toThe Duke Endowment,a trust fund he had created. The Duke Fund was directed to support four colleges, as well as multiple non-profit hospitals, children's homes and rural United Methodist churches in North Carolina and South Carolina. The largest share of the gift (40% or $12,800,000) went toTrinity CollegeinDurham, North Carolina,on the condition that the institution rename itself in honor of James Duke's father, the lateWashington Duke,and Trinity College changed its name toDuke Universityupon accepting the endowment. Shares of 5% of the endowment were given toDavidson CollegeandFurman University,while 4% was given to the historically blackJohnson C. Smith University.Another $67,000,000 was provided to the endowment under Duke's will upon his death on October 10, 1925.^[58]
The absolute world record for speed, 279.481 miles per hour (449.781 km/h), was set by theBernard SIMB V.2airplane, designed by French aviatorJean Hubertand piloted byFlorentin Bonnet.
CaptainJoaquín Lorigaof the Spanish Army demonstrated the flight capabilities of theautogyroinvented by fellow SpaniardJuan de la Cierva,piloting the aircraft a distance of 7.4 miles (11.9 km) fromCuatro Vientos airfield(in Madrid) to the Army'sGetafe Air Base,in a flight that lasted 8 minutes and 12 seconds.^[59]Two days earlier, Loriga had set the record of 200 yards (180 m) in his first practice run.
Born:
- Felix "Doc" Blanchard,American college football player who won theHeisman Trophy,theMaxwell Awardand theJames E. Sullivan Awardin 1945, and later passed up a professional football career in order to serve a military career in theUnited States Air Force;inMcColl, South Carolina(d. 2009)^[60]
- Hal Brown,American baseball player; inGreensboro, North Carolina(d. 2015)

December 12, 1924 (Friday)

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR issued a decreeprohibiting the possession of almost all firearms,with the exception of hunting rifles. The decree, titled "On the procedure of production, trade, storage, use, keeping and carrying firearms, firearm ammunition, explosive projectiles and explosives", outlawed personal possession of handguns and rifles other than smoothbore shotguns, and illegal gun possession was severely punished.^[61]
The first issue of the weekly Saudi Arabian newspaperUmm Al-Qurawas published. Based inMecca,Umm Al-Qurais the official newspaper of the Saudi government.^[62]
Addressing American correspondents at theLeague of Nations,French politicianAristide Briandsaid that American entry into the League was essential to ensure world peace.^[63]
Born:
- Ed Koch,mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989; inthe Bronx,New York(d. 2013)^[64]
- Reinaldo "Ray" Cordeiro,Hong Kong radio disk jockey known as "Uncle Ray" and host for 51 years of the English-language showAll the Way with Rayfrom 1970 to 2021; inWan Chai,Hong Kong(d. 2023)^[65]
- Kantilal Rathod,Indian filmmaker in Gujarat and Hindi cinema, known forKanku;inRaipur,Central Provinces and Berar(nowChhattisgarhstate),British India(d. 1988)
- Jorge Gallardo,Costa Rican painter; inSan Jose(d. 2002)

December 13, 1924 (Saturday)

Former Albanian Prime MinisterAhmet Zogu,who had been driven into exile in June, led an invasion ofAlbaniawith guerrillas backed by Yugoslavia, and marched toward the capital,Tirana,in order to remove Prime MinisterFan Nolifrom office.^[66]
Born:
- Krishna Prasad Bhattarai,Prime Minister of Nepal1990-1991 and 1999-2000; inKathmandu(d. 2011)
- RabbiMichael A. Robinson,American civil rights activist and rabbi within theReform Jewishdenomination; inAsheville, North Carolina(d. 2006)^[67]
- Nora Houfová,Austrian stage and film actress; inVienna(alive in 2024)
- Robert Coogan,American child actor and younger brother ofJackie Coogan;inGlendale, California(d. 1978)

Died:Samuel Gompers,74, President of theAmerican Federation of Labor(AFL, now part of theAFL-CIO) since 1895, and the founder of the organization in 1886, died inThe St. Anthony HotelinSan Antonio, Texas,seven days after becoming ill inMexico City.^[68]

December 14, 1924 (Sunday)

TheHenry Kimball Hadleydramatic operaA Night in Old Parispremiered at theMetropolitan OperaHouse in New York City.
The town ofFairfield, Montanaset a weather record for greatest drop of temperature in a 12-hour period, from 63 °F (17.2 °C) at noon to −21 °F (−29.4 °C) at midnight.^[69]
Born:Raj Kapoor,Indian film actor and filmmaker,Bollywoodstar, known for the successful 1949 filmsArdazandBarsaat;inKapoor Haveli,Peshawar(d. 1988)^[70]

December 15, 1924 (Monday)

GermanChancellorWilhelm Marxannounced thathe and his cabinet of ministerswere resigning after the coalition's recent loss in theDecember 7 elections.The cabinet remained in office in a caretaker government until Finance MinisterHans Lutherwas able to form a new government on January 15.^[71]
The first launch, docking and recovery of an aircraft in mid-air was performed when a U.S. Army pilot flew aSperry Messenger biplaneover aTC-3Army dirigible and used a "skyhook"to link to the airship and bring it under control.^[72]^[73]
Samuel Smith,a 15-year-old African-American arrested for shooting and wounding a white grocer, was seized from his hospital room inNashville, Tennessee,by a group of masked and armed vigilantes shortly after midnight, driven toNolensvilleand hanged from a tree near the grocer's home. Onlookers then shot the hanging body multiple times.^[74]Nashville's MayorHilary Howsedenounced thelynchingand the Nashville Chamber of Commerce offered a $5,000 reward for the arrest and conviction of the lynchers, but nobody was ever charged with the crime.^[75]
In a letter to British Prime MinisterStanley Baldwin,Winston Churchillopined thatSingapore's defences did not need to be completed for another fifteen to twenty years, writing, "I do not believe there is the slightest chance of war with Japan in our lifetime. Japan is at the other end of the world. She cannot menace our vital security in any way."^[76]^[77]
Born:
- Nek Chand Saini,Indian artist known for the design and construction of theRock Garden of Chandigarh,opened in 1988; in Barian Kalan,Shakargarh,Punjab Province,British India(nowPunjab provinceinPakistan(d. 2015)
- Noel Hush,Australian chemist known for his discovery of the role ofadiabatic electron transferbetween molecules in the process ofoxidation;inSydney(d. 2019)
- Viter Juste,Haitian-born American community leader who organized the residents of the "Little Haiti"community (now numbering 30,000) inMiami;onGonâve Island(d. 2012)^[78]
Died:Friedrich Trendelenburg,80, German surgeon and innovator known for theTrendelenburg operationfor the treatment ofvaricose veins,as well as various diagnostic procedures, including theBrodie–Trendelenburg percussion testfor finding nonfunctioning valves in veins,Trendelenburg's testfor hip mobility, andTrendelenburg's signidentifying a congenital dislocation of the hip.^[79]

December 16, 1924 (Tuesday)

TheSpanish confiscation(Desamortización española) law, authorizing the government of Spain to expropriate land and personal property received by the Roman Catholic Church and various religious orders from wills and grants, was repealed after being promulgated in 1766.^[80]
The Supreme Court of Hungary confiscated the property of former presidentMihály Károlyifor high treason. Károlyi was convicted of negotiating with Italy in 1915 to keep the Italians out of the war in exchange for Austrian territory, and for allowing acommunist revolutionto happen in 1919 by deserting his position.^[81]
Born:
- Nissim Ezekiel,Indian poet and playwright; inBombay(now Mumbai) (d. 2004)
- Loudon Wainwright Jr.,American writer and editor forLifemagazine; inNew York City(d. 1988)

December 17, 1924 (Wednesday)

Constantine VI,theMetropolitan of Derkoi,was elected by his fellow clergy as the newEcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople,the leader of theEastern Orthodox Church,and enthroned the same day. The title had been vacant since the November 17 death ofPatriarch Gregory VII.With Constantinople (renamedIstanbul) under the control of the Turkish government, Constantine remained in Turkey for only six weeks before being deported to Greece on January 30, 1925 as part of the 1923 agreement onpopulation exchange between Greece and Turkey.He would resign on May 22, 1925, at the request of his fellow Patriarchs after being guaranteed the same compensation as a patriarch.^[82]
Prempeh I,the exiled ceremonial king of theAshanti Empire,was allowed to return toGhana(at the time, the BritishGold Coastcolony in West Africa) after being relocated to theSeychellesin 1896. The decision was approved by the British cabinet at the recommendation of theSecretary of State for the Colonies,Leo Amery,three years after the death of the leader of theWar of the Golden Stool,Queen MotherYaa Asantewaa.^[83]
The owners of seven of the eight teams in baseball'sAmerican Leaguepresented a resolution to Major League Baseball CommissionerKenesaw Mountain Landissaying that the "misconduct" of League presidentBan Johnsonwould cease, "or his immediate removal from office will follow." The resolution also declared "that legislation will be adopted that will limit his activities to the internal affairs of the American league."Phil Ballof theSt. Louis Brownswas the only team owner who did not sign the resolution.^[84]The move came after Johnson's continued criticism of Landis, but Johnson promised to remain on his best behavior. For the next two years, Johnson caused no controversy, but would have a confrontation with Landis again in 1926, prompting Landis to threaten resignation if Johnson was retained. Johnson, seriously ill, retired at the end of the 1927 season.
Born:
- Robin Lovejoy,Fi gian -born Australian stage and television director; inLabasa(d. 1985)^[85]^{[better source needed]}
- AdmiralYohai Ben-Nun,commander of theIsraeli Navyfrom 1960 to 1966, later the Director General of Oceanographic and Limnological Research Ltd.; inHaifa,Mandatory Palestine(d. 1994)
- Selene Mahri(stage name for Solveig Eklund), Finnish-born fashion model and spokesperson for theWAVESbranch of the U.S. Naval Reserve during World War II (d. 2020)

December 18, 1924 (Thursday)

Pope Pius XImade his first statement against communism after an abandoned pontifical relief mission returned from Russia. He said the Vatican would continue to make efforts to help needy Russians, but "nobody certainly can have thought by our efforts on behalf of the Russian people we intended in any way to lend our support to a system of government which we are so far from approving."^[86]
Born:Ilya Darevsky,Soviet Russian zoologist and herpetologist known for describing 34 species of amphibians and reptiles, for whom thegenusDarevskia,comprising 35 species of Caucasian rock lizards, is named; inKiev,Ukrainian SSR(d. 2009)^[87]
Died:Julius Kahn,63, German-born U.S. Representative for California since 1905, and the longest serving Jewish member of Congress up to that time, died of a cerebral hemorrhage and complications of diabetes.^[88]^[89]

December 19, 1924 (Friday)

Hugo Celmiņšformed a government as the newPrime Minister of Latviafollowing the resignation ofVoldemārs Zāmuēls.^[90]Celmiņš served for a year and five days, stepping down on December 24, 1925, in favor ofKārlis Ulmanis.
German serial killerFritz Haarmannwas sentenced to death for murdering twenty-four young men.^[91]
Born:
- Doug Harvey,Canadian ice hockey player who won the Norris Memorial Trophy seven times as the NHL's best defenceman, and was later inducted into theHockey Hall of Fame;inMontreal(d. 1989)^[92]
- Cicely Tyson,African-American stage, film and television actress, winner of three Emmy Awards (including forThe Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman), a Tony Award (forThe Trip to Bountiful) and a Screen Actors Guild Award; inthe Bronx,New York City(d. 2021)^[93]

December 20, 1924 (Saturday)

Adolf Hitlerwas released fromLandsberg Prisonas part of a general amnesty for political prisoners, after having served 13 months of a five-year prison sentence.^[94]He returned to his smallMunich apartmentwhere his friends threw him a party.^[95]
By royal decree of KingAlfonso XIIIand legislation passed by the government of Prime MinisterMiguel Primo de Rivera,Spanish law was amended to allow descendants of theSephardi Jews,expelled from Spain in 1492, to attain Spanish nationality after two years of residence.^[96]^[97]
The longest running children's broadcast program,Lørdagsbarnetimen,made its debut, playing onNorway'sKringkastningsselskapet A/Sradio network. It would continue every Saturday afternoon for more than 85 years, with a final show on September 11, 2010.^[98]
Benito Mussolinipresented legislation repealing the much-criticizedAcerbo Law,which had cemented control by the Fascist Party of parliament by providing that the party which got the largest share of votes (25% or more) would be guaranteed two-thirds of the seats in parliament, with the other one-third to be apportioned to the other parties.^[99]
With Austria's currency, thekrone(crown), having declined in value because of inflation, Austria's parliament enacted theSchillingrechnungsgesetz,creating theAustrian schilling,worth 10,000 kronen, with exchange to take place up until March 1.
Born:
- Errol John,Trinidanian-born actor and playwright; inPort of Spain(d. 1988)^[100]
- Swaran Lata,Pakistani film actress in Indian and Pakistani cinema; inRawalpindi,Punjab Province,British India(d. 2008)^[101]
- Charlie Callas,American comedian, TV and film actor; inBrooklynas Charles Callias (d. 2011)^[102]

December 21, 1924 (Sunday)

The string of murders by German serial killer and cannibalKarl Denkecame to an end when a homeless drifter, Vincenz Olivier, narrowly escaped being killed after being lured into Denke's home and alerted police inMünsterberg(now Ziębice in Poland).^[103]Denke hanged himself in his jail cell the next day, and police searched his house, finding a ledger with the names of 30 victims (and a 31st entry for Olivier) and a large number of body parts deemed to have come from 42 or more people.^[104]
In the Republic of China, the "New National Pronunciation", a standardizedpronunciationfor thecharacter soundsof theChinese language,was set by delegates of a Commission established for the purpose of reforming the "Guóyīn Zìdiǎn". The delegates recommended the usage ofBeijing,and later incorporated the new standard in 1932 in the "Guóyīn Chángyòng Zìhuì" ( quốc âm thường dùng bảng chú giải thuật ngữ, "Vocabulary of National Pronunciation for Everyday Use" ).^[105]^[106]
Roughly 100 people were injured in rioting between communists and police inBerlinas a group of 50,000 German communists turned into a crushing mob when they gathered to greetErich Mühsamupon his release from prison in the same general amnesty that freedHitler.^[107]
Born:Dankwart Rustow,German-born professor of political science and sociology, known for his research ondemocratization;in Berlin (d. 1996)
Died:Francesco Negri,83, Italian photographer known for his development of thetelephoto lensand improvements inphotomicroscopy^[108]

December 22, 1924 (Monday)

Aninteralliedmilitary committee, headed byFerdinand Foch,announced that French and Belgian troops would not withdraw from theColognearea of Germany on January 10, 1925, as specified in theTreaty of Versailles,because Germany had not fulfilled its disarmament provisions. Angry articles in the German press accused the Allies of breaking theDawes Pact.^[109]
The comet43P/Wolf–Harringtonwas discovered by German astronomerMax Wolffrom theHeidelbergobservatory.^[110]
The first college of agriculture in Burma (nowMyanmar), theAgricultural College and Research Institute of Mandalay,was established. After being renamed the Institute of Agriculture in 1964, it would be moved 180 miles (290 km) southward toYezinin 1973 and renamed Yezin Agricultural University.^[111]
Born:
- Jack Greenberg,American civil rights attorney; inBrooklyn,New York City(d. 2016)^[112]
- Kanaklata Barua,Indianindependence activist and martyr, known for her leadership of theAll India Students' Federation;in Borangabari village,Eastern Bengal and Assamprovince,British India(killed, 1942)

December 23, 1924 (Tuesday)

German presidentFriedrich Ebertlost a libel trial inMagdeburg.Newspaper editor Erwin Rothart was sentenced to three months in prison for insulting the president, but his accusation that Ebert had betrayed the country for leading a strike in 1918 was ruled as proven.^[113]
AlbanianPrime MinisterFan Noliand his ministers fledTiranaas rebel forces led by the deposed leaderAhmet Zoguapproached the city.^[114]
TheF. W. Murnau-directed filmThe Last Laughpremiered at theUfa-Palast am Zooin Berlin.^[115]
TheNicolae BretanoperaGolemwas first performed at theHungarian TheaterinCluj,Romania.^[116]
Born:
- Bob Kurland,American college and AAU basketball player, inductee to theNaismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame,credited as the first person todunkin a college basketball game;^[117]inSt. Louis,Missouri(d. 2013)
- Matthäus Hetzenauer,Austriansniperfor Nazi Germany duringWorld War II,with 345 confirmed kills against Soviet troops; inBrixen im Thale(d. 2004)^[118]
- Richard E. Bush,U.S. Marine andMedal of Honorrecipient who survived throwing himself on an enemy grenade during theBattle of Okinawaduring World War II; inGlasgow, Kentucky^[119](d. 2004)
- E. O. Kane,American physicist known for developing theKane modelof the structure of energy bands of semiconductors; inKane, Pennsylvania(d. 2006)^[120]
Died:Christopher Whall,75, Britishstained-glassartist

December 24, 1924 (Wednesday)

A fire killed 36 peoplein a one-room school house atBabbs Switch, Oklahoma,where over 200 people were attending a party onChristmas Eve.Candles near a dry Christmas tree spread the blaze after a student handing out presents accidentally brushed a wrapped gift against a candle flame.^[121]
All eight people aboard anImperial Airwaysde Havilland DH.34 airliner— seven of them passengers— were killed while traveling between London and Paris. In Britain's deadliest air disaster up to that time,Imperial airplane G-EBBXplummeted seconds after taking off fromCroydon AirporttowardLe Bourget Airport.^[122]
Pope Pius XIopened theholy dooratSt. Peter's Basilicato begin theJubilee Yearof 1925.^[123]
Albania,nominally aprincipalitysince becoming independent in 1916, but never able to find a monarch, was declareda republicasAhmet ZoguenteredTiranawithout resistance. Zogu, a former Prime Minister, reclaimed leadership of the country and completed the overthrow ofFan Noli's government.^[124]
Egypt's 215-memberHouse of Representatives,theMaglis El Nowwab,was dissolved byKing Fuad Iat the request of Prime MinisterAhmed Zeiwar Pasha,andnew elections were setfor March 23.
Born:
- Nour Al Hoda,Turkish-born Lebanese actress and singer; inIstanbul(d. 1998)
- Mohammed Rafi,Indian playback singer; inKotla Sultan Singh,Punjab Province,British India(d. 1980)
- Aura Ambache Herzog,Egyptian-born wife of Israel's PresidentChaim Herzogand mother of Israeli PresidentIsaac Herzog;First Lady of Israelfrom 1983 to 1993; inIsmailia(d. 2022)
Died:David Stewart,34, British flying ace and the pilot in the fatalImperial Airways airplane crash

December 25, 1924 (Thursday)

Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow,leader of the Russian Orthodox Church within the Soviet Union, designated three different persons as potential successors, identifying Metropolitan Kirill Smirnov of Kazan, Metropolitan Agathangel Preobrazhensky of Yaroslavl and Metropolitan Peter Polyansky of Krutitsy. With Smirnov and Preobrazhensky imprisoned at the time of Tikhon's death on April 7, Polyansky would be selected by the clerics of the church asPeter of Krutitsy,Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.
A post-seasoncollege football bowl gameknown as theLos Angeles Christmas Festivalwas played in theLos Angeles Memorial Coliseum.TheUSC Trojansdefeated theMissouri Tigers,20–7.
TheBroadway Theatreopened in midtown-Manhattan,New York City.
Born:
- Moktar Ould Daddah,the firstpresident of Mauritania(from 1960 to 1978); inBoutilimit,French West Africa(d. 2003)
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee,10thPrime Minister of Indiafrom 1998 to 2004; inGwalior,Gwalior State(now inMadhya Pradeshstate), British India
- Rod Serling,screenwriter, playwright, television producer and narrator known forThe Twilight Zone;inSyracuse, New York(d. 1975)

December 26, 1924 (Friday)

Soviet ambassadorLeonid Krassinsaid that Russia would not pay any outstanding debts accrued in the days of the Tsar.^[125]
Judy Garlandmade her show business debut at the age of2+1⁄2,singing "Jingle Bells"at her parents' theater inGrand Rapids, Minnesota.^[126]
Died:William Emerson,81, British architect

December 27, 1924 (Saturday)

An explosion killed 94 persons in Japan, and injured more than 300 persons, as 600 cases ofdynamitewere being transferred from thecargo shipShoho Maruto afreight car,at the Temiya railway station atOtaruon the island ofHokkaido.^[127]The official figures came from a Japanese government official report.^[128]^[129]
Three months after the last U.S. troops left the Dominican Republic and allowed the nation to govern itself independently, Dominican representatives signed an agreement allowing the U.S. to control the Republic's customs revenues, which would continue until 1941.^[130]
An editorial written by the estranged Fascist politicianCesare Rossiran inGiovanni Amendola's newspaperIl Mondo,simultaneously published in other opposition papers. In it, Rossi claimed thatBenito Mussolinihad directly ordered the Fascists to carry out several crimes.^[131]^[132]

December 28, 1924 (Sunday)

Three days of votingbegan inHondurasfor President and for the 47 seats of theCongreso Nacional.TheLiberal Partyboycotted the election, andMiguel Paz Barahonaof the conservativeNational Partywas elected president virtually unopposed, and the National Party won all but one of the seats in Congress.^[133]
Near the village ofValchitraninBulgaria,two brothers discoveredgold and silver artifactsthat had been buried by a group of the ancientThraciansaround1300 BC,including a bowl made of 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of gold.^[134]
TheLinguistic Society of Americawas founded.^[135]
With Franco-German tensions high over the issue of the occupation ofCologne,a sensational report was published in Paris claiming that German scientists had secretly developed a new and devastating poison gas that could annihilate a whole city in a matter of hours.^[136]
Born:
- Girma Wolde-Giorgis,President of Ethiopiafrom 2001 to 2013; inAddis Ababa(d. 2018)^[137]^[138]
- Sidney Topol,American entrepreneur, chairman ofScientific Atlantaand developer of the satellite signal receiver dish; inBoston(d. 2022)^[139]^[140]
- Willy Albimoor,Belgian composer; inWevelgem,West Flanders(d. 2004)^[141]
Died:Albert Koebele,71, German entomologist who developed methods of biological control of insect pests and invasive plant species^[142]

December 29, 1924 (Monday)

TheHerbert Brenon-directed adventure filmPeter Pan,directed byHerbert Brenonand starringBetty Bronsonin the title role, was released byParamount Pictures(at the time, Famous Players–Lasky).^[143]The film was an adaptation of theJ. M. BarrieplayPeter Pan, or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up,which had premiered almost exactly 20 years earlier (on December 27, 1904) and which Barrie novelized in 1911 in the bookPeter and Wendy.After originally being considered lost, the film footage would be rediscovered at theEastman School of Musicin the 1950s and restored. In 2000, theLibrary of Congresswould select the film for preservation in theNational Film Registry.
Kid McCoywas found guilty of manslaughter in the August 12 death of his live-in mistress.^[144]
Born:Kim Song-ae,wife of North KoreanSupreme Leader Kim Il Sungfrom their marriage in 1952 to 1994, Chair of theKorean Democratic Women's Leagueand a representative in theSupreme People's Assembly
Died:
- Carl Spitteler,79, Swiss writer andNobel Prizelaureate^[145]
- Luigi Bottazzo,79, blind Italian organist and composer^[146]

December 30, 1924 (Tuesday)

Benito Mussolinicalled an unexpected cabinet meeting and requested a show of support from all present, which he received from a majority.^[132]The two Liberal ministers in Mussolini's cabinet were convinced to withdraw their resignations.^[147]The meeting prompted other members of the Fascist party to confront Mussolini the next day in his office.
German Foreign MinisterGustav Stresemanntold international media that peace in Europe and fulfillment of theDawes Planwere in danger unless a compromise was reached on theCologneevacuation issue.^[148]
Died:Kate Elinore,47, American vaudeville entertainer^[149]

December 31, 1924 (Wednesday)

Thirty-threeBlackshirtconsuls, headed byEnzo Galbiati,arrived unannounced in Benito Mussolini's office, demanding that he crush the opposition or they would do so without him.^[132]
Italian police were ordered to search the houses of prominent opposition leaders over allegations that enemies of the government had stockpiled vast stores of arms. Issues of opposition newspapers in several Italian cities were seized, withFlorencebecoming especially violent as thousands of Blackshirts converged on the city and ransacked several buildings, including the printing plant of an opposition newspaper which was set on fire.^[150]
Julius Schaub,the chief adviser toAdolf Hitler,was released fromLandsberg Prison,where he had been incarcerated with Hitler for participating in the 1923attempt to overthrow the government of Munich.^[151]
Three of four brothers in the Barmat family of merchants were arrested as the industrial corruption scandal known as theBarmat scandalbroke in Germany. One report claimed that PresidentFriedrich Ebert's son"Fritz"was connected to the scandal.^[152]^[153]
Born:
- Frank J. Kelley,U.S. politician,Attorney General of Michiganfrom 1961 to 1999, nicknamed "The Eternal General"; inDetroit(d. 2021)^[154]
- Taylor Mead,writer, actor and performer, inGrosse Point, Michigan(d. 2013)
Died:
- George Winthrop Fairchild,70, Chairman of the Board since 1915 ofIBM,formerly theComputing-Tabulating-Recording Company,and U.S. Representative for New York, 1907 to 1919^[155]
- Sir Samuel William Knaggs,68, British civil servant

References

^Miljan, Toivo (2004).Historical Dictionary of Estonia.Scarecrow Press.ISBN 0-8108-4904-6.
^"NHL hockey came to the U.S. on Dec. 1, 1924".nhl.National Hockey League.December 1, 2008.RetrievedDecember 4,2016.The National Hockey League celebrates another historic anniversary...remembering the first NHL game played in the United States, as the Boston Bruins hosted the Montreal Maroons, both expansion teams, at the Boston Arena on Dec. 1, 1924.
^Moore, Mike (December 19, 2010)."Those Marauding Montreal Maroons".The Hockey Writers.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^Pelletier, Joseph (June 2011)."Joe Pelletier's Greatest Hockey Legends - Smokey Harris".bruinslegends.blogspot.Archived fromthe originalon November 25, 2016.RetrievedNovember 24,2016.
^Buchenau, Jürgen (2023).The Sonoran Dynasty in Mexico: Revolution, Reform, and Repression.University of Nebraska Press.pp. 112–113.ISBN 978-1-4962-3613-5– viaGoogle Books.
^"Documents show Klan in Canada organized by American leaders".Jewish Daily Bulletin.Jewish Telegraphic Agency.24 May 1926.Retrieved6 January2015.
^Langensscheidt, Paul (1926).Encyklopädie der modernen Kriminalistik[Encyclopedia of modern criminology] (in German). pp. 417–420 – via Google Books.
^"Lady Be Good".The Guide to Musical Theatre.RetrievedMay 10,2010.
^Holston, Kim R. (2013).Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973.Jefferson, North Carolina:McFarland & Company, Inc.p. 38.ISBN 978-0-7864-6062-5.
^Marquis Who's Who, Marquis Who's Who Staff (1 October 1996).Who's Who in the Midwest, 1996-1997(Classic ed.).Marquis Who's Who.ISBN 0837907268.
^Islam, Sirajul (2012)."Munim, Justice Fazle Kaderi Muhammad Abdul".InIslam, Sirajul;Hoque, Kazi (eds.).Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh(Second ed.).Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
^"General Sawar Khan dies at 99".24 Digital.8 November 2023.Retrieved8 November2023.
^"Reuben C. Stephenson Dead".The Silent Worker.Vol. 37, no. 4.Trenton, New Jersey.January 1925. p. 195.RetrievedMay 23,2021– viaWayback Machine.
^McKenna, Brian."Dummy Stephenson".SABR.org.Society for American Baseball Research.RetrievedAugust 12,2016.
^"19241202 Indonesia:Java:Wonosobo".National Geophysical Data Center.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^The Student Prince(2 December 1924 – 22 May 1926)at theInternet Broadway Database
^Hohmann, James (February 21, 2010)."Alexander Haig, 85; soldier-statesman managed Nixon resignation".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on June 4, 2011.RetrievedFebruary 21,2010.
^Richmond, Tom(December 2, 2014)."Happy Birthday Jack Davis!".Richmond Illustration Inc!.
^Hillila, Ruth-Esther; Hong, Barbara Blanchard (1997).Historical Dictionary of the Music and Musicians of Finland.Greenwood Publishing Group.pp. 3–.ISBN 978-0-313-27728-3.
^Mondet, Arlette Estienne (1 January 2011).Le général J.B.E Estienne – père des chars: Des chenilles et des ailes[General J.B.E Estienne – father of tanks: Tracks and wings] (in French).Editions L'Harmattan.pp. 287–288.ISBN 978-2-296-44757-8.Retrieved28 June2013– via Google Books.
^Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T."State of the Union Addresses and Messages".The American Presidency Project.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T."Second Annual Message – December 3, 1924".The American Presidency Project.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^Morrell, Alan (December 18, 1993)."Reformers".Democrat and Chronicle.Rochester, New York– viaNewspapers.
^^a ^bWeinberg, Herman G. (1972).The Complete Greed of Erich Von Stroheim: a reconstruction of the film in 348 still photos following the original screenplay plus 52 production stills.New York:ARNO Press. pp. 13–17.ISBN 978-0-405-03925-6– viaInternet Archive.
^Rosenbaum, Jonathan(1993).Greed.London:BFI Publishing. p. 25.ISBN 978-0-85170-358-9.
^Finler, Joel W. (1972).Greed: A Film.New York: Lorrimer Publishing Ltd.ISBN 978-0-900855-45-0– via Internet Archive.
^Koszarski, Richard(1983).The Man You Loved to Hate: Erich von Stroheim and Hollywood.Oxford,England:Oxford University Press.pp. 144–145.ISBN 978-0-19-503239-0.
^Bull, Andrew (1997)."Alves Reis and the Portuguese Bank Note Scandal of 1925".British Historical Society of Portugal Annual Report.24:21–41.Retrieved24 March2020.
^Dwivedi, Sharada;Mehrotra, Rahul (1995).Bombay: The Cities Within.India Book House.ISBN 978-81-85028-80-4– via Google Books.
^Finch, Vernon EW (1988).The Red Star Line.Antwerp:Uitgeverij de Branding NV. p. 104.ISBN 90-72543-01-7.
^"Returned tourists got a taste of war".The New York Times.16 April 1925. p. 5.Retrieved9 July2022– via Times Machine.
^Parker, R.J. (29 September 2017).Serial Killers Abridged: 100 Serial Killers.Createspace.p. 100.ISBN 978-1-4947-7216-1.
^Vassiliev, Alexei(2012).King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times.London: Saqu Books.ISBN 978-0-86356-761-2.
^"Timeline of the French Mandate period".SyrianHistory.Archived fromthe originalon 28 February 2012.
^Conquest, Robert(1971).The Great Terror.Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. p. 517.
^^a ^bMercer, Derrik (1989).Chronicle of the 20th Century.London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 325.ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
^"Our Story: 1924 September".Woolworths Supermarkets.Archived fromthe originalon 5 September 2015.Retrieved10 December2019.
^Hevesi, Dennis (December 2, 2012)."David Schwendeman, Museum's Chief Taxidermist, Dies at 87".The New York Times.RetrievedDecember 22,2012.
^"France Breaks Revolt Plot of Communists".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 7, 1924. pp. 1–2.
^"Obituary: Sir George Pinker".The Daily Telegraph.London. 1 May 2007.Retrieved22 December2012.
^Bennett, Pamela J., ed. (September 1996)."Gene Stratton-Porter"(PDF).The Indiana Historian.Indianapolis:Indiana Historical Bureau:3–4, 10–11.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 1, 2017.RetrievedJuly 21,2017.
^Roberts, Sam(September 14, 2006)."Story of the First Through Ellis Island Is Rewritten".The New York Times.
^Nohlen, Dieter;Stöver, Philip (2010).Elections in Europe: A data handbook.Nomos.p. 762.ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
^"18,000 See Bears Beat Cleveland for Pro Title".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 8, 1924. p. 29 – via Newspapers.
^Lillstrung, Chris (May 17, 2020)."1924 Bulldogs became Cleveland's team, NFL champions in matter of months".The News-Herald.Willoughby, Ohio/Cleveland.
^Wilsford, David, ed. (1995).Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe: A Biographical Dictionary.Greenwood. pp. 413–21.
^Weber, Bruce (June 15, 2010)."E. Fleischmann, Impresario of Los Angeles, Dies at 85".The New York Times.RetrievedJune 20,2010.
^"Tito's widow, Jovanka Broz, dies in Belgrade, aged 88".BBC.20 October 2013.Retrieved16 December2013.
^"Book-Cadillac Hotel".Emporis.Archived from the original on June 18, 2004.RetrievedJanuary 26,2011.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^"Canadiens Downed Boston, Rallying in Final Period".The Montreal Gazette.Boston, MA USA.Canadian Press.December 9, 1924. p. 16.RetrievedJune 12,2017– viaGoogle News.The world champion Canadiens defeated Boston in a fast game here tonight, 4-3, incidentally giving 5,000 Boston hockey fans the best exhibition of the Canadian game on record here.
^"Maria Zuno; Former Mexican First Lady".Los Angeles Times.December 8, 1999.Retrieved2022-07-12.
^Steele, John (December 10, 1924). "Britain to Build Singapore Base, King Announces".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 14.
^"The King's Speech".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).December 9, 1924.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^"Nobel Prizes 1924".Nobelprize.org.Nobel Media.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^Katz, Jonathan Ned(1976).Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: A Documentary.Crowell Publishing.pp. 386–387.
^Bullough, Vern L.(2002).Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context.Harrington Park Press.p. 27.
^"August Belmont, Stricken In Office, Dies In 36 Hours— Financier and Sportsman Undergoes Operation, Rallies, Then Sinks Into Coma".The New York Times.December 11, 1924.RetrievedMay 3,2011.August Belmont, financier and sportsman, died at 6:30 o'clock last evening in his apartment at 550 Park Avenue, less than thirty-six hours after he had been taken ill in his office....
^"Celebrating 100 Years".DukeEndowment.org.
^"El Primer Viaje del Autogiro" ], "Madrid Cientifico", 1924. Nº 1128, p.9
^Goldstein, Richard(April 21, 2009)."Doc Blanchard, Army's Mr. Inside, Is Dead at 84".The New York Times.Retrieved2009-06-05.
^"Как Россия от свободного оборота оружия пришла к несвободному"[How Russia went from free circulation of weapons to unfree circulation] (in Russian). Archived fromthe originalon March 13, 2016.Retrieved17 February2018.
^"Umm al-Qurá, Number 1131".wdl.org.1 November 1946.Retrieved4 February2019.
^Storer, John (December 13, 1924). "Peace Sure if U.S. Joins World League – Briand".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 5.
^"Koch, Edward Irving – Biographical Information".RetrievedNovember 11,2009.
^"Uncle Ray Cordeiro, 1924–2023".RTHK News.
^Doody, Richard."A chronology of Dictatorial Regimes between the World Wars".The World at War.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^"Rabbi Michael A. Robinson".The Press Democrat.22 July 2006.Retrieved22 November2018– viaLegacy.
^"Gompers Expires, Ending 43 Years as A.F. of L. Head— Passes Peacefully Today After Brave Fight Against Heart Attack".The Evening Star.Washington, D.C.December 13, 1924. p. 1.
^"Weather Whys: Sudden temperature drops".The Eagle.Retrieved2020-06-03.
^"Remembering an icon: Prithviraj Kapoor".The New Indian Express.9 September 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 17 August 2016.Retrieved3 July2017.
^"Die Verhandlungen über eine Umbildung des zweiten Kabinetts Marx"[Negotiations on a Reshuffle of the Second Marx Cabinet].Das Bundesarchiv(in German).Retrieved24 July2015.
^"Flying Forever – Skyhook".UnrealAircraft.
^Goebel, Greg (December 1, 2009)."The Parasite Fighters".Vectorsite.net.
^"Mob Lynches Negro Boy Who Shot Grocer— Body of Masked Men Take Him From Hospital; Samuel Smith, 15, Left Hanging Near Home of Ike Eastwood, Whom He Wounded Friday Night".Nashville Tennessean.December 16, 1924. pp. 1, 5.RetrievedMay 2,2018– via Newspapers.
^Deane, Natasha (June 5, 2017)."Memorial Marker for Lynching Victims".St Anselm Episcopal Church.RetrievedApril 27,2018.
^"Introduction Lak".Raymond Hayden Economics.August 4, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^Green, Joey (2012).Dumb History: The Stupidest Mistakes Ever Made.New York: Plume.ISBN 978-1-101-58543-6.
^"Activist Who Gave Name" Little Haiti "Its Name [sic] Passes Away ".Local News.Little Haiti:WFOR-TV.November 20, 2012.Retrieved30 March2024.
^Eberhard Rabe (2016), "Trendelenburg, Friedrich",Neue Deutsche Biographie(in German), vol. 26, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 397;(full text online)
^Tomás y Valiente, Francisco(1972).El Marco Politico de la Desamortizacion en España[The Political Framework of Confiscation in Spain] (in Spanish). Ariel. p. 44.
^Clayton, John (December 17, 1924). "Hungary Seizes Big Estates of Count Karolyi".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 3.
^Ναυπάκτου, Ιερόθεος."Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο μετά την συνθήκη της Λωζάννης"[The Ecumenical Patriarchate after the Treaty of Lausanne]. romfea.gr.Retrieved26 July2021.(Nafpaktos, Ierotheos.)
^Boahen, A. Adu(2003).The History of Ashanti Kings and the Whole Country Itself and Other Writings.British Academy.pp. 25–.ISBN 978-0-19-726261-0– via Google Books.
^Crusinberry, James (December 18, 1924). "Landis Wins; Remains Czar of Baseball".Chicago Daily Tribune.pp. 1, 19.
^Groom, Linda."What We Collect - A new home for Robin Lovejoy's papers".National Library of Australia.Archived fromthe originalon 12 April 2019.Retrieved1 April2024.
^"Pope in Bitter Denouncement of Communism".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 19, 1924. p. 5.
^Darevsky, IS(2014)."My Biography"(PDF).Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta RAN(in Russian).318(4): 292–325.(with an abstract in English)
^"Julius Kahn Succumbs to Long Illness".San Francisco Examiner.December 19, 1924. p. 1.
^"KAHN, Julius (1861 – 1924)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.Retrieved1 April2024.
^Ivanova, Laimdota."Ministru prezidenta meklējumos"[In search of the Prime Minister].estars.lv(in Latvian).Retrieved14 May2019.^{[permanent dead link]}
^Bischoff, Eva; Siemens, Daniel (2014). "Class, Youth and Sexuality in the Construction of theLustmörder:The 1928 Murder Trial of Karl Hussmann ". InWetzell, Richard(ed.).Crime and Criminal Justice in Modern Germany.Berghahn Books.p. 222.ISBN 978-1-78238-246-1.
^Brown, William (2002),Doug: The Doug Harvey Story,Montreal: Véhicule Press, p. 66,ISBN 1-550-65166-8
^Palm, Anika Myers (January 28, 2021)."Cicely Tyson, iconic and influential actress, dies at 96".CNN.RetrievedApril 1,2024.
^Donnelley, Paul (2012).Assassination!.Dataday Publishing. p. 55.ISBN 978-1-908963-02-4.
^Zalampas, Sherree Owens (1990).Adolf Hitler: A Psychological Interpretation of His Views on Architecture, Art and Music.Bowling Green State University Popular Press.p. 51.ISBN 978-0-87972-488-7.
^Prados García, Celia (2011)."La expulsión de los judíos y el retorno de los sefardíes como nacionales españoles: Un análisis histórico-jurídico (The expulsion of the Jews and the return of Sephardísm as Spanish nationals: A Historical-Legal Analysis) "(PDF).Actas del I Congreso Internacional sobre Migraciones en Andalucía[Minutes of the First International Congress on Migration in Andalusia] (in Spanish). pp. 2119–2126.ISBN 978-84-921390-3-3.
^"Spain to ease naturalization of Sephardic Jews".Haaretz. 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 31 March 2014.Retrieved31 March2014.
^NRK (2004-12-07)."Tre timer med Lørdagsbarnetimen"[Three hours of Saturday children's class].NRK(in Norwegian Bokmål).Retrieved2019-01-11.
^"Mussolini Pulls Surprise; Wants Early Election".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 21, 1924. p. 14.
^Taylor, John Russell(23 September 2004). "John, Errol (1924–1988)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
^"Profile of Swaran Lata".Cineplot.18 September 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 11 October 2011.Retrieved25 April2022.
^Lentz, Harris M. (April 30, 2012).Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2011.Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 51.ISBN 978-0-7864-6994-9.
^Constantine, Nathan (26 June 2006). "Part 5: Infamous Cannibals Throughout the Ages: The German Quartet".A History of Cannibalism: From ancient cultures to survival stories and modern psychopaths.Arcturus Publishing.ISBN 9781848586130.
^Lutteroth, Johanna (8 April 2014)."Der Menschenfresser von Münsterberg"[The Maneater of Munsterberg].Der Spiegel(in German).Retrieved20 November2022.
^Su, Peicheng ( tô bồi thành ) (2014).Hiện đại chữ Hán học điểm chính[Essentials of Modern Chinese Characters] (in Chinese) (3rd ed.).Beijing:Thương vụ ấn thư quán (Commercial Press). pp. 158–159.ISBN 978-7-100-10440-1.
^Chen, Ping (1999).Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics(1st ed.).Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge University Press.pp.https://archive.org/details/modernchinesehis00chen/page/1616]–19.ISBN 9780521645720– via Internet Archive.
^Schultz, Sigrid(December 22, 1924). "Reds in Berlin Greet 'Martyr'; 100 Wounded".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 5.
^Bergaglio, Barbara; Cavanna, Pierangelo (2006).Francesco Negri fotografo, 1841-1924.Milan:Silvana.ISBN 9788836607464.
^Wales, Henry (December 23, 1924). "'Stay on Rhine,' Foch Order ".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 1.
^Yoshida, Seiichi (30 May 2009)."43P/Wolf-Harrington".Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog.Retrieved2010-03-02.
^"Yezin Agricultural University".Ministry of Agriculture.Retrieved13 December2008.
^"Jack Greenberg".NAACP LDF.
^"23.12.1924: Ebert Loses Libel Trial".Deutsche Welle.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^Clayton, John (December 24, 1924). "Albanian Hangs for U.S. Deaths; Caused Revolts (Bulletin)".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 3.
^Hake, Sabine (2009). "Who Gets the Last Laugh? Old Age and Generational Change in F.W. Murnau'sThe Last Laugh(1924) ". InIsenberg, Noah William(ed.).Weimar Cinema: An Essential Guide to Classic Films of the Era.New York:Columbia University Press.p. 123.
^Gagelmann, Hartmut (2000).Nicolae Bretan, His Life, His Music.Vol. 1.Pendragon Press.p. 48.ISBN 1-57647-021-0.
^Kerkhoff, Blair (September 30, 2013)."Bob Kurland, credited as first player to dunk in a basketball game, dies at 88".The Kansas City Star.RetrievedFebruary 19,2015.
^Kaltenegger, Roland (2017).Eastern Front Sniper: The Life of Matthäus Hetzenauer.Greenhill Books.ISBN 978-1-78438-216-2.
^"Master Gunnery Sergeant Richard E. Bush, USMC".Who's Who in Marine Corps History.History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived fromthe originalon May 16, 2011.RetrievedOctober 21,2007.
^"Obituary of Evan O'Neill Kane".Physics Today.2006(3). 2013.doi:10.1063/pt.4.2301.
^"32 DEAD IN CHRISTMAS FIRE— Candle Sets Tree Ablaze in Oklahoma".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 25, 1924. p. 1.
^"Aeroplane Crash at Purley".The Times.No. 43844. London. December 27, 1924. col E, p. 10.
^"Pope Pius Opens Holy Door at Celebration of 23d Jubilee Year".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 25, 1924. p. 25.
^Clayton, John (December 25, 1924). "Albanian Rebel Army in Tirana; Civil War Ends".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 1.
^"Russia Will Not Pay Czar Debts, Krassin States".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 27, 1924. p. 1.
^"Judy Garland Nutshell Biography".Judy Garland Database.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.
^"SCORES KILLED IN POWDER BLAST— Hundreds of Homes Razed by Explosion".Lincoln Sunday Star.Lincoln, Nebraska.United Press.December 28, 1924. p. 1.
^"Powder Cargo Explodes and Fire Follows— Several Hundred Casualties Are Reported In Disaster To Japanese Ship".Ottawa Journal.December 27, 1924. p. 1.
^ja: Tay cung dịch # lịch sử(Japanese language edition)Retrieved on June 28, 2020.
^"Dominican Republic-United States".The American Journal of International Law.36(4): 209–213. 1942.doi:10.2307/2213777.JSTOR 2213777.S2CID 246011614.
^Storer, John (December 28, 1924). "Italian Premier is Accused of Fascist Crimes".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 12.
^^a ^b ^cSarfatti, Margherita(2014). Sullivan, Brian R. (ed.).My Fault: Mussolini As I Knew Him.New York: Enigma Books. pp. 112–113.ISBN 978-1-936274-40-6.
^Leonard, Thomas M. (2011).The History of Honduras.Santa Barbara, California:Greenwood. p. 100.ISBN 978-0-313-36304-7.
^Ovcharov, Dimiter (2005). "The Vulchitrun Treasure".Fifteen Treasures from Bulgarian Lands.Translated by Pencheva, Maya.Sofia:Bulgarian Bestseller, National Museum of Books and Polygraphy. pp. 20–21.
^Sturtevant, E. H. (2 March 1925). "The Organization of the Linguistic Society of America".Classical Weekly.18(12): 127–128.doi:10.2307/4388662.JSTOR 4388662.
^"French claim Germans Make New Deadly Gas".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 29, 1924. p. 4.
^Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac.Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.2010. p. 75.ISBN 978-1-61535-329-3– via Google Books.
^"Former Ethiopian president Girma Woldegiorgis dies".The East African.Retrieved15 December2018.
^Who's who in Finance and Industry.1987 – via Google Books.
^Sidney "Sid" Topol obituary
^"Bill Ador".Discogs(in Russian).Retrieved2023-09-08.
^Mallis, Arnold(1971).American Entomologists.Rutgers University.pp.351–55.ISBN 0-8135-0686-7– via Internet Archive.
^"Peter Pan".Progressive Silent Film List.silentera.
^"Kid McCoy Found Guilty: Manslaughter".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 30, 1924. p. 1.
^"Carl Spitteler – Facts".NobelPrize.org.Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024.Retrieved30 March2024.
^''Bottazzo, Luigi "' inDizionario Biografico degli Italiani.Volume 13 (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1971). Online resource, accessed 7 March 2022
^"Mussolini Leaps Fresh Obstacle; Saves Cabinet".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 31, 1924. p. 7.
^Seldes, George(December 31, 1924). "Order of Allies Brews New Hate Crop in Europe".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 7.
^Slide, Anthony (March 12, 2012).The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville.Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 158.ISBN 978-1-617-03250-9.RetrievedApril 20,2022.
^"Thumbscrews Turned on Foes by Mussolini".Chicago Daily Tribune.January 1, 1925. p. 1.
^Joachimsthaler, Anton(1999).The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, Evidence, and Truth.Brockhampton Press.p. 287.ISBN 978-1-86019-902-8.
^Seldes, George(January 1, 1925). "Berlin Bankers Held in Swindle of $10,000".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 19.
^Fulda, Bernhard (2009).Press and Politics in the Weimar Republic.Oxford University Press. pp. 94–96.ISBN 978-0-19-954778-4.
^Collins, Tim (March 7, 2021)."Flags at Half-Mast for Michigan Attorney General Frank Kelley".95.3.WBCK FM.RetrievedMarch 12,2021.
^"FAIRCHILD, George Winthrop 1854 – 1924".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.RetrievedMarch 30,2024.

[1] Miljan, Toivo (2004).Historical Dictionary of Estonia.Scarecrow Press.ISBN 0-8108-4904-6.

[2] "NHL hockey came to the U.S. on Dec. 1, 1924".nhl.National Hockey League.December 1, 2008.RetrievedDecember 4,2016.The National Hockey League celebrates another historic anniversary...remembering the first NHL game played in the United States, as the Boston Bruins hosted the Montreal Maroons, both expansion teams, at the Boston Arena on Dec. 1, 1924.

[3] Moore, Mike (December 19, 2010)."Those Marauding Montreal Maroons".The Hockey Writers.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[4] Pelletier, Joseph (June 2011)."Joe Pelletier's Greatest Hockey Legends - Smokey Harris".bruinslegends.blogspot.Archived fromthe originalon November 25, 2016.RetrievedNovember 24,2016.

[5] Buchenau, Jürgen (2023).The Sonoran Dynasty in Mexico: Revolution, Reform, and Repression.University of Nebraska Press.pp. 112–113.ISBN 978-1-4962-3613-5– viaGoogle Books.

[6] "Documents show Klan in Canada organized by American leaders".Jewish Daily Bulletin.Jewish Telegraphic Agency.24 May 1926.Retrieved6 January2015.

[7] Langensscheidt, Paul (1926).Encyklopädie der modernen Kriminalistik[Encyclopedia of modern criminology] (in German). pp. 417–420 – via Google Books.

[8] "Lady Be Good".The Guide to Musical Theatre.RetrievedMay 10,2010.

[holston-9] Holston, Kim R. (2013).Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973.Jefferson, North Carolina:McFarland & Company, Inc.p. 38.ISBN 978-0-7864-6062-5.

[10] Marquis Who's Who, Marquis Who's Who Staff (1 October 1996).Who's Who in the Midwest, 1996-1997(Classic ed.).Marquis Who's Who.ISBN 0837907268.

[11] Islam, Sirajul (2012)."Munim, Justice Fazle Kaderi Muhammad Abdul".InIslam, Sirajul;Hoque, Kazi (eds.).Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh(Second ed.).Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

[12] "General Sawar Khan dies at 99".24 Digital.8 November 2023.Retrieved8 November2023.

[13] "Reuben C. Stephenson Dead".The Silent Worker.Vol. 37, no. 4.Trenton, New Jersey.January 1925. p. 195.RetrievedMay 23,2021– viaWayback Machine.

[mckenna-14] McKenna, Brian."Dummy Stephenson".SABR.org.Society for American Baseball Research.RetrievedAugust 12,2016.

[15] "19241202 Indonesia:Java:Wonosobo".National Geophysical Data Center.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[16] The Student Prince(2 December 1924 – 22 May 1926)at theInternet Broadway Database

[17] Hohmann, James (February 21, 2010)."Alexander Haig, 85; soldier-statesman managed Nixon resignation".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on June 4, 2011.RetrievedFebruary 21,2010.

[18] Richmond, Tom(December 2, 2014)."Happy Birthday Jack Davis!".Richmond Illustration Inc!.

[19] Hillila, Ruth-Esther; Hong, Barbara Blanchard (1997).Historical Dictionary of the Music and Musicians of Finland.Greenwood Publishing Group.pp. 3–.ISBN 978-0-313-27728-3.

[20] Mondet, Arlette Estienne (1 January 2011).Le général J.B.E Estienne – père des chars: Des chenilles et des ailes[General J.B.E Estienne – father of tanks: Tracks and wings] (in French).Editions L'Harmattan.pp. 287–288.ISBN 978-2-296-44757-8.Retrieved28 June2013– via Google Books.

[21] Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T."State of the Union Addresses and Messages".The American Presidency Project.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[22] Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T."Second Annual Message – December 3, 1924".The American Presidency Project.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[23] Morrell, Alan (December 18, 1993)."Reformers".Democrat and Chronicle.Rochester, New York– viaNewspapers.

[Weinberg-24] Weinberg, Herman G. (1972).The Complete Greed of Erich Von Stroheim: a reconstruction of the film in 348 still photos following the original screenplay plus 52 production stills.New York:ARNO Press. pp. 13–17.ISBN 978-0-405-03925-6– viaInternet Archive.

[25] Rosenbaum, Jonathan(1993).Greed.London:BFI Publishing. p. 25.ISBN 978-0-85170-358-9.

[26] Finler, Joel W. (1972).Greed: A Film.New York: Lorrimer Publishing Ltd.ISBN 978-0-900855-45-0– via Internet Archive.

[27] Koszarski, Richard(1983).The Man You Loved to Hate: Erich von Stroheim and Hollywood.Oxford,England:Oxford University Press.pp. 144–145.ISBN 978-0-19-503239-0.

[28] Bull, Andrew (1997)."Alves Reis and the Portuguese Bank Note Scandal of 1925".British Historical Society of Portugal Annual Report.24:21–41.Retrieved24 March2020.

[29] Dwivedi, Sharada;Mehrotra, Rahul (1995).Bombay: The Cities Within.India Book House.ISBN 978-81-85028-80-4– via Google Books.

[30] Finch, Vernon EW (1988).The Red Star Line.Antwerp:Uitgeverij de Branding NV. p. 104.ISBN 90-72543-01-7.

[31] "Returned tourists got a taste of war".The New York Times.16 April 1925. p. 5.Retrieved9 July2022– via Times Machine.

[32] Parker, R.J. (29 September 2017).Serial Killers Abridged: 100 Serial Killers.Createspace.p. 100.ISBN 978-1-4947-7216-1.

[33] Vassiliev, Alexei(2012).King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times.London: Saqu Books.ISBN 978-0-86356-761-2.

[34] "Timeline of the French Mandate period".SyrianHistory.Archived fromthe originalon 28 February 2012.

[35] Conquest, Robert(1971).The Great Terror.Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. p. 517.

[chronicle_of_the_20th_c.-36] Mercer, Derrik (1989).Chronicle of the 20th Century.London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 325.ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.

[37] "Our Story: 1924 September".Woolworths Supermarkets.Archived fromthe originalon 5 September 2015.Retrieved10 December2019.

[nytimes-38] Hevesi, Dennis (December 2, 2012)."David Schwendeman, Museum's Chief Taxidermist, Dies at 87".The New York Times.RetrievedDecember 22,2012.

[39] "France Breaks Revolt Plot of Communists".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 7, 1924. pp. 1–2.

[TelgObit-40] "Obituary: Sir George Pinker".The Daily Telegraph.London. 1 May 2007.Retrieved22 December2012.

[41] Bennett, Pamela J., ed. (September 1996)."Gene Stratton-Porter"(PDF).The Indiana Historian.Indianapolis:Indiana Historical Bureau:3–4, 10–11.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 1, 2017.RetrievedJuly 21,2017.

[Roberts-42] Roberts, Sam(September 14, 2006)."Story of the First Through Ellis Island Is Rewritten".The New York Times.

[43] Nohlen, Dieter;Stöver, Philip (2010).Elections in Europe: A data handbook.Nomos.p. 762.ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.

[44] "18,000 See Bears Beat Cleveland for Pro Title".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 8, 1924. p. 29 – via Newspapers.

[45] Lillstrung, Chris (May 17, 2020)."1924 Bulldogs became Cleveland's team, NFL champions in matter of months".The News-Herald.Willoughby, Ohio/Cleveland.

[46] Wilsford, David, ed. (1995).Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe: A Biographical Dictionary.Greenwood. pp. 413–21.

[NYTObit-47] Weber, Bruce (June 15, 2010)."E. Fleischmann, Impresario of Los Angeles, Dies at 85".The New York Times.RetrievedJune 20,2010.

[48] "Tito's widow, Jovanka Broz, dies in Belgrade, aged 88".BBC.20 October 2013.Retrieved16 December2013.

[49] "Book-Cadillac Hotel".Emporis.Archived from the original on June 18, 2004.RetrievedJanuary 26,2011.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[50] "Canadiens Downed Boston, Rallying in Final Period".The Montreal Gazette.Boston, MA USA.Canadian Press.December 9, 1924. p. 16.RetrievedJune 12,2017– viaGoogle News.The world champion Canadiens defeated Boston in a fast game here tonight, 4-3, incidentally giving 5,000 Boston hockey fans the best exhibition of the Canadian game on record here.

[:1-51] "Maria Zuno; Former Mexican First Lady".Los Angeles Times.December 8, 1999.Retrieved2022-07-12.

[52] Steele, John (December 10, 1924). "Britain to Build Singapore Base, King Announces".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 14.

[53] "The King's Speech".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).December 9, 1924.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[54] "Nobel Prizes 1924".Nobelprize.org.Nobel Media.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[55] Katz, Jonathan Ned(1976).Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: A Documentary.Crowell Publishing.pp. 386–387.

[56] Bullough, Vern L.(2002).Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context.Harrington Park Press.p. 27.

[obit-57] "August Belmont, Stricken In Office, Dies In 36 Hours— Financier and Sportsman Undergoes Operation, Rallies, Then Sinks Into Coma".The New York Times.December 11, 1924.RetrievedMay 3,2011.August Belmont, financier and sportsman, died at 6:30 o'clock last evening in his apartment at 550 Park Avenue, less than thirty-six hours after he had been taken ill in his office....

[58] "Celebrating 100 Years".DukeEndowment.org.

[59] "El Primer Viaje del Autogiro" ], "Madrid Cientifico", 1924. Nº 1128, p.9

[60] Goldstein, Richard(April 21, 2009)."Doc Blanchard, Army's Mr. Inside, Is Dead at 84".The New York Times.Retrieved2009-06-05.

[61] "Как Россия от свободного оборота оружия пришла к несвободному"[How Russia went from free circulation of weapons to unfree circulation] (in Russian). Archived fromthe originalon March 13, 2016.Retrieved17 February2018.

[62] "Umm al-Qurá, Number 1131".wdl.org.1 November 1946.Retrieved4 February2019.

[63] Storer, John (December 13, 1924). "Peace Sure if U.S. Joins World League – Briand".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 5.

[64] "Koch, Edward Irving – Biographical Information".RetrievedNovember 11,2009.

[rthk_20230113_i-65] "Uncle Ray Cordeiro, 1924–2023".RTHK News.

[66] Doody, Richard."A chronology of Dictatorial Regimes between the World Wars".The World at War.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[67] "Rabbi Michael A. Robinson".The Press Democrat.22 July 2006.Retrieved22 November2018– viaLegacy.

[68] "Gompers Expires, Ending 43 Years as A.F. of L. Head— Passes Peacefully Today After Brave Fight Against Heart Attack".The Evening Star.Washington, D.C.December 13, 1924. p. 1.

[69] "Weather Whys: Sudden temperature drops".The Eagle.Retrieved2020-06-03.

[newindianexpress.com-70] "Remembering an icon: Prithviraj Kapoor".The New Indian Express.9 September 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 17 August 2016.Retrieved3 July2017.

[71] "Die Verhandlungen über eine Umbildung des zweiten Kabinetts Marx"[Negotiations on a Reshuffle of the Second Marx Cabinet].Das Bundesarchiv(in German).Retrieved24 July2015.

[72] "Flying Forever – Skyhook".UnrealAircraft.

[73] Goebel, Greg (December 1, 2009)."The Parasite Fighters".Vectorsite.net.

[74] "Mob Lynches Negro Boy Who Shot Grocer— Body of Masked Men Take Him From Hospital; Samuel Smith, 15, Left Hanging Near Home of Ike Eastwood, Whom He Wounded Friday Night".Nashville Tennessean.December 16, 1924. pp. 1, 5.RetrievedMay 2,2018– via Newspapers.

[75] Deane, Natasha (June 5, 2017)."Memorial Marker for Lynching Victims".St Anselm Episcopal Church.RetrievedApril 27,2018.

[76] "Introduction Lak".Raymond Hayden Economics.August 4, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[77] Green, Joey (2012).Dumb History: The Stupidest Mistakes Ever Made.New York: Plume.ISBN 978-1-101-58543-6.

[78] "Activist Who Gave Name" Little Haiti "Its Name [sic] Passes Away ".Local News.Little Haiti:WFOR-TV.November 20, 2012.Retrieved30 March2024.

[79] Eberhard Rabe (2016), "Trendelenburg, Friedrich",Neue Deutsche Biographie(in German), vol. 26, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 397;(full text online)

[80] Tomás y Valiente, Francisco(1972).El Marco Politico de la Desamortizacion en España[The Political Framework of Confiscation in Spain] (in Spanish). Ariel. p. 44.

[81] Clayton, John (December 17, 1924). "Hungary Seizes Big Estates of Count Karolyi".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 3.

[nafp-82] Ναυπάκτου, Ιερόθεος."Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο μετά την συνθήκη της Λωζάννης"[The Ecumenical Patriarchate after the Treaty of Lausanne]. romfea.gr.Retrieved26 July2021.(Nafpaktos, Ierotheos.)

[83] Boahen, A. Adu(2003).The History of Ashanti Kings and the Whole Country Itself and Other Writings.British Academy.pp. 25–.ISBN 978-0-19-726261-0– via Google Books.

[84] Crusinberry, James (December 18, 1924). "Landis Wins; Remains Czar of Baseball".Chicago Daily Tribune.pp. 1, 19.

[85] Groom, Linda."What We Collect - A new home for Robin Lovejoy's papers".National Library of Australia.Archived fromthe originalon 12 April 2019.Retrieved1 April2024.

[86] "Pope in Bitter Denouncement of Communism".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 19, 1924. p. 5.

[bio-87] Darevsky, IS(2014)."My Biography"(PDF).Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta RAN(in Russian).318(4): 292–325.(with an abstract in English)

[88] "Julius Kahn Succumbs to Long Illness".San Francisco Examiner.December 19, 1924. p. 1.

[89] "KAHN, Julius (1861 – 1924)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.Retrieved1 April2024.

[90] Ivanova, Laimdota."Ministru prezidenta meklējumos"[In search of the Prime Minister].estars.lv(in Latvian).Retrieved14 May2019.^{[permanent dead link]}

[91] Bischoff, Eva; Siemens, Daniel (2014). "Class, Youth and Sexuality in the Construction of theLustmörder:The 1928 Murder Trial of Karl Hussmann ". InWetzell, Richard(ed.).Crime and Criminal Justice in Modern Germany.Berghahn Books.p. 222.ISBN 978-1-78238-246-1.

[92] Brown, William (2002),Doug: The Doug Harvey Story,Montreal: Véhicule Press, p. 66,ISBN 1-550-65166-8

[93] Palm, Anika Myers (January 28, 2021)."Cicely Tyson, iconic and influential actress, dies at 96".CNN.RetrievedApril 1,2024.

[94] Donnelley, Paul (2012).Assassination!.Dataday Publishing. p. 55.ISBN 978-1-908963-02-4.

[95] Zalampas, Sherree Owens (1990).Adolf Hitler: A Psychological Interpretation of His Views on Architecture, Art and Music.Bowling Green State University Popular Press.p. 51.ISBN 978-0-87972-488-7.

[96] Prados García, Celia (2011)."La expulsión de los judíos y el retorno de los sefardíes como nacionales españoles: Un análisis histórico-jurídico (The expulsion of the Jews and the return of Sephardísm as Spanish nationals: A Historical-Legal Analysis) "(PDF).Actas del I Congreso Internacional sobre Migraciones en Andalucía[Minutes of the First International Congress on Migration in Andalusia] (in Spanish). pp. 2119–2126.ISBN 978-84-921390-3-3.

[97] "Spain to ease naturalization of Sephardic Jews".Haaretz. 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 31 March 2014.Retrieved31 March2014.

[98] NRK (2004-12-07)."Tre timer med Lørdagsbarnetimen"[Three hours of Saturday children's class].NRK(in Norwegian Bokmål).Retrieved2019-01-11.

[99] "Mussolini Pulls Surprise; Wants Early Election".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 21, 1924. p. 14.

[100] Taylor, John Russell(23 September 2004). "John, Errol (1924–1988)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[101] "Profile of Swaran Lata".Cineplot.18 September 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 11 October 2011.Retrieved25 April2022.

[Lentz-102] Lentz, Harris M. (April 30, 2012).Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2011.Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 51.ISBN 978-0-7864-6994-9.

[103] Constantine, Nathan (26 June 2006). "Part 5: Infamous Cannibals Throughout the Ages: The German Quartet".A History of Cannibalism: From ancient cultures to survival stories and modern psychopaths.Arcturus Publishing.ISBN 9781848586130.

[104] Lutteroth, Johanna (8 April 2014)."Der Menschenfresser von Münsterberg"[The Maneater of Munsterberg].Der Spiegel(in German).Retrieved20 November2022.

[105] Su, Peicheng ( tô bồi thành ) (2014).Hiện đại chữ Hán học điểm chính[Essentials of Modern Chinese Characters] (in Chinese) (3rd ed.).Beijing:Thương vụ ấn thư quán (Commercial Press). pp. 158–159.ISBN 978-7-100-10440-1.

[106] Chen, Ping (1999).Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics(1st ed.).Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge University Press.pp.https://archive.org/details/modernchinesehis00chen/page/1616]–19.ISBN 9780521645720– via Internet Archive.

[107] Schultz, Sigrid(December 22, 1924). "Reds in Berlin Greet 'Martyr'; 100 Wounded".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 5.

[108] Bergaglio, Barbara; Cavanna, Pierangelo (2006).Francesco Negri fotografo, 1841-1924.Milan:Silvana.ISBN 9788836607464.

[109] Wales, Henry (December 23, 1924). "'Stay on Rhine,' Foch Order ".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 1.

[110] Yoshida, Seiichi (30 May 2009)."43P/Wolf-Harrington".Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog.Retrieved2010-03-02.

[111] "Yezin Agricultural University".Ministry of Agriculture.Retrieved13 December2008.

[112] "Jack Greenberg".NAACP LDF.

[113] "23.12.1924: Ebert Loses Libel Trial".Deutsche Welle.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[114] Clayton, John (December 24, 1924). "Albanian Hangs for U.S. Deaths; Caused Revolts (Bulletin)".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 3.

[115] Hake, Sabine (2009). "Who Gets the Last Laugh? Old Age and Generational Change in F.W. Murnau'sThe Last Laugh(1924) ". InIsenberg, Noah William(ed.).Weimar Cinema: An Essential Guide to Classic Films of the Era.New York:Columbia University Press.p. 123.

[116] Gagelmann, Hartmut (2000).Nicolae Bretan, His Life, His Music.Vol. 1.Pendragon Press.p. 48.ISBN 1-57647-021-0.

[117] Kerkhoff, Blair (September 30, 2013)."Bob Kurland, credited as first player to dunk in a basketball game, dies at 88".The Kansas City Star.RetrievedFebruary 19,2015.

[118] Kaltenegger, Roland (2017).Eastern Front Sniper: The Life of Matthäus Hetzenauer.Greenhill Books.ISBN 978-1-78438-216-2.

[119] "Master Gunnery Sergeant Richard E. Bush, USMC".Who's Who in Marine Corps History.History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived fromthe originalon May 16, 2011.RetrievedOctober 21,2007.

[120] "Obituary of Evan O'Neill Kane".Physics Today.2006(3). 2013.doi:10.1063/pt.4.2301.

[121] "32 DEAD IN CHRISTMAS FIRE— Candle Sets Tree Ablaze in Oklahoma".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 25, 1924. p. 1.

[122] "Aeroplane Crash at Purley".The Times.No. 43844. London. December 27, 1924. col E, p. 10.

[123] "Pope Pius Opens Holy Door at Celebration of 23d Jubilee Year".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 25, 1924. p. 25.

[124] Clayton, John (December 25, 1924). "Albanian Rebel Army in Tirana; Civil War Ends".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 1.

[125] "Russia Will Not Pay Czar Debts, Krassin States".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 27, 1924. p. 1.

[126] "Judy Garland Nutshell Biography".Judy Garland Database.RetrievedJanuary 16,2015.

[127] "SCORES KILLED IN POWDER BLAST— Hundreds of Homes Razed by Explosion".Lincoln Sunday Star.Lincoln, Nebraska.United Press.December 28, 1924. p. 1.

[128] "Powder Cargo Explodes and Fire Follows— Several Hundred Casualties Are Reported In Disaster To Japanese Ship".Ottawa Journal.December 27, 1924. p. 1.

[129] : Tay cung dịch # lịch sử(Japanese language edition)Retrieved on June 28, 2020.

[130] "Dominican Republic-United States".The American Journal of International Law.36(4): 209–213. 1942.doi:10.2307/2213777.JSTOR 2213777.S2CID 246011614.

[131] Storer, John (December 28, 1924). "Italian Premier is Accused of Fascist Crimes".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 12.

[sullivan-132] Sarfatti, Margherita(2014). Sullivan, Brian R. (ed.).My Fault: Mussolini As I Knew Him.New York: Enigma Books. pp. 112–113.ISBN 978-1-936274-40-6.

[133] Leonard, Thomas M. (2011).The History of Honduras.Santa Barbara, California:Greenwood. p. 100.ISBN 978-0-313-36304-7.

[134] Ovcharov, Dimiter (2005). "The Vulchitrun Treasure".Fifteen Treasures from Bulgarian Lands.Translated by Pencheva, Maya.Sofia:Bulgarian Bestseller, National Museum of Books and Polygraphy. pp. 20–21.

[135] Sturtevant, E. H. (2 March 1925). "The Organization of the Linguistic Society of America".Classical Weekly.18(12): 127–128.doi:10.2307/4388662.JSTOR 4388662.

[136] "French claim Germans Make New Deadly Gas".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 29, 1924. p. 4.

[137] Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac.Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.2010. p. 75.ISBN 978-1-61535-329-3– via Google Books.

[138] "Former Ethiopian president Girma Woldegiorgis dies".The East African.Retrieved15 December2018.

[139] Who's who in Finance and Industry.1987 – via Google Books.

[140] Sidney "Sid" Topol obituary

[141] "Bill Ador".Discogs(in Russian).Retrieved2023-09-08.

[142] Mallis, Arnold(1971).American Entomologists.Rutgers University.pp.351–55.ISBN 0-8135-0686-7– via Internet Archive.

[143] "Peter Pan".Progressive Silent Film List.silentera.

[144] "Kid McCoy Found Guilty: Manslaughter".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 30, 1924. p. 1.

[145] "Carl Spitteler – Facts".NobelPrize.org.Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024.Retrieved30 March2024.

[146] ''Bottazzo, Luigi "' inDizionario Biografico degli Italiani.Volume 13 (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1971). Online resource, accessed 7 March 2022

[147] "Mussolini Leaps Fresh Obstacle; Saves Cabinet".Chicago Daily Tribune.December 31, 1924. p. 7.

[148] Seldes, George(December 31, 1924). "Order of Allies Brews New Hate Crop in Europe".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 7.

[149] Slide, Anthony (March 12, 2012).The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville.Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 158.ISBN 978-1-617-03250-9.RetrievedApril 20,2022.

[150] "Thumbscrews Turned on Foes by Mussolini".Chicago Daily Tribune.January 1, 1925. p. 1.

[151] Joachimsthaler, Anton(1999).The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, Evidence, and Truth.Brockhampton Press.p. 287.ISBN 978-1-86019-902-8.

[152] Seldes, George(January 1, 1925). "Berlin Bankers Held in Swindle of $10,000".Chicago Daily Tribune.p. 19.

[153] Fulda, Bernhard (2009).Press and Politics in the Weimar Republic.Oxford University Press. pp. 94–96.ISBN 978-0-19-954778-4.

[154] Collins, Tim (March 7, 2021)."Flags at Half-Mast for Michigan Attorney General Frank Kelley".95.3.WBCK FM.RetrievedMarch 12,2021.

[155] "FAIRCHILD, George Winthrop 1854 – 1924".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.RetrievedMarch 30,2024.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

v t e Events by month
1928	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1927	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1926	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1925	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1924	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1923	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1922	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1921	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1920	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1919	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec