1999
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1999(MCMXCIX) was acommon year starting on Fridayof theGregorian calendar,the 1999th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 999th year of the2nd millennium,the 99th year of the20th century,and the 10th and last year of the1990sdecade.
1999 was designated as theInternational Year of Older Persons.
Events
January
- January 1– Theeurocurrency is established and theEuropean Central Bankassumes its full powers.
- January 3– TheMars Polar Landeris launched byNASA.[1]
- January 25– The 6.2 Mw Colombia earthquakehits westernColombia,killing at least 1,900.
February
- February 7–Abdullah IIinherits the throne of Jordan, following the death of his father KingHussein.
- February 11–Plutomoves along its eccentric orbit further from the Sun thanNeptune.It had been nearer than Neptune since1979,and will become again in2231.[2]
- February 12– U.S. PresidentBill Clintonis acquitted inimpeachment proceedingsin theUnited States Senate.
- February 16
- InUzbekistan,an apparentassassinationattempt against PresidentIslam Karimovtakes place at government headquarters.[3]
- Across Europe,Kurdishprotestors take over embassies and hold hostages afterTurkeyarrests one of their rebel leaders.
- February 23
- Kurdishrebel leaderAbdullah Öcalanis charged withtreasoninAnkara,Turkey.
- 1999 Galtür avalanche:Anavalanchedestroys the village ofGaltür,Austria, killing 31.
- February 27– While trying to circumnavigate the world in ahot air balloon,Colin Prescot and Andy Elson set a new endurance record after being aloft for 233 hours and 55 minutes.
March
- March 1
- March 12– FormerWarsaw Pactmembers Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic joinNATO.
- March 15– TheSanter Commissionof the EU resigns over allegations of corruption.
- March 21
- Bertrand PiccardandBrian Jonesbecome the first to circumnavigate the Earth in ahot air balloon.
- The71st Academy Awardsare held at theDorothy Chandler PavilioninLos AngeleswithShakespeare in LovewinningBest Picture.
- March 24
- NATOlaunchesair strikesagainst theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia,marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign state.
- Afirein theMont Blanc Tunnelkills 39 people, closing the tunnel for nearly three years.
- March 26– TheMelissa virusattacks the Internet.
- March 27–Kosovo War:A U.S.Lockheed F-117 Nighthawkis shot down by Yugoslav forces.
- March 29– For the first time, theDow Jones Industrial Averagecloses above the 10,000 mark, at 10,006.78.
April
- April 1–Nunavut,anInuithomeland, is created from the eastern portion of theNorthwest Territoriesto become Canada's thirdterritory.
- April 5
- TwoLibyanssuspected of bringing downPan Am Flight 103in 1988 are handed over to Scottish authorities for eventual trial in the Netherlands. TheUnited Nationssuspends sanctions against Libya.
- InLaramie, Wyoming,Russell Henderson pleads guilty tokidnappingand felony murder, in order to avoid a possibledeath penaltyconviction for the apparenthate crimekilling ofMatthew Shepard.
- April 7–Kosovo War:Kosovo's main border crossings are closed by Yugoslav forces to preventKosovo Albaniansfrom leaving.
- April 9–Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara,president ofNiger,is assassinated.
- April 14–Kosovo War:NATO warplanes repeatedlybomb ethnic Albanian refugee convoysfor 2 hours over a 12-mile stretch of road, after mistaking them for Yugoslav military trucks, betweenĐakovicaandDečaniin western Kosovo, killing at least 73 refugees.
- April 20–Columbine High School massacre:TwoLittleton, Colorado,teenagers,Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold,open fire on their teachers and classmates, killing 12 students and 1 teacher, and then themselves.
- April 24–Namibian Economic Societyis founded.
- April 26
- SultanSalahuddin of Selangorbecomes the 11thYang di-Pertuan AgongofMalaysia.
- British TV presenterJill Dando,37, is shot dead on the doorstep of her home inFulham,London.[4]
- April 30–Cambodiajoins theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN), bringing the total members to 10.
May
- May 3–1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak:adevastating tornado,rated F5 on theFujita scale,hits southern and easternOklahoma City metropolitan area,killing 36 people (and 5 indirectly) and producing the highest winds recorded on Earth: 301 ± 20 mph (484 ± 32 km/h).
- May 7
- Kosovo War:in theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia,three Chinese embassy workers are killed and twenty others woundedwhen aNATOB-2 aircraftbombs the Chinese Embassy inBelgrade.
- InGuinea-Bissau,PresidentJoão Bernardo Vieirais ousted in a militarycoup.
- May 12–David Steelbecomes the first Presiding Officer (Speaker) of the modernScottish Parliament.
- May 13–Carlo Azeglio Ciampiis elected President of Italy.
- May 14–June 20– The1999 Cricket World Cupis held in England, (some matches in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and the Netherlands), with Australia defeating Pakistan in the final.
- May 17–Ehud Barakis elected prime minister ofIsrael.
- May 26
- TheIndian Air Forcelaunches an attack on intrudingPakistanArmy troops andmujahideenmilitants inKashmir.
- The1999 UEFA Champions League finaltakes place at theCamp NouStadium,Barcelona,in which the English sideManchester Uniteddefeats the German sideBayern Munich2–1.
- May 27
- TheInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former YugoslaviainThe Hague, NetherlandsindictsSlobodan Miloševićand four others forwar crimesandcrimes against humanitycommitted inKosovo.
- Space ShuttleDiscoveryis launched onSTS-96,the first shuttle mission to dock with theInternational Space Station.[5]
- May 28
- Two Swedish police officers are wounded by bank robbers armed with automatic firearms, andlater executed with their own service pistolsinMalexander,Sweden.
- After 22 years of restoration work,Leonardo da Vinci'sThe Last Supperis placed back on display inMilan,Italy.
- May 29–Nigeriaterminates military rule, and theFourth Nigerian Republicis established withOlusegun Obasanjoaspresident.
June
- June 1–Napster,a music downloading service, is created; it would later inspire otherfile-sharing sitessuch asThe Pirate Bay,LimeWire,Gnutella,Kazaa,Morpheus,BearShare,andΜTorrent1999-2010 period which some called the "SecondGolden Age of Piracy".[6][7]
- June 2– TheKing of Bhutanallows television transmissions to commence inthe Kingdomfor the first time, coinciding with the King's Silver Jubilee.
- June 5– TheIslamic Salvation Army,the armed wing of theIslamic Salvation Front,agrees in principle to disband inAlgeria.
- June 8– The government ofColombiaannounces it will include the estimated value of the country'sillegal drugcrops, exceeding half a billion US dollars, in itsgross national product.
- June 9–Kosovo War:YugoslaviaandNATOsign apeace treatyto end their hostilities.
- June 10– Kosovo War:NATOsuspends itsairstrikesafterSlobodan Miloševićagrees to withdrawYugoslavforcesfromKosovo.
- June 12– Kosovo War:Operation Joint Guardian/Operation Agricolabegins:NATO-ledUnited Nationspeacekeeping forcesKFORenterKosovo, Yugoslavia.[8][9][10]
- June 16–Thabo Mbekiis inaugurated as the secondpresident of South Africa,marking the firstpeaceful transfer of executive powerin the country's post-democratization history.[11][importance?]
- June 18– TheJ18international anti-globalization protests are organized in dozens of cities around the world, some of which led to riots.
- June 19–Turin,Italy, is awarded the2006 Winter Olympics.
- June 24– Kosovo War: NATO marines shoot three gunmen inKosovo, Yugoslaviaafter being attacked by the latter, killing one of them and injuring the other two.[8][12]
- June 25–Bosnia and Herzegovinagets anew national anthem.[13]
- June 30– Twenty-three people die in a fire at theSealand Youth Training Centerin South Korea.
July
- July 1–Europol(short for European Police Office) theEuropean Union'scriminal intelligenceagency becomes fully operational.
- July 7– In Rome,Hicham El Guerroujruns thefastest mile ever recorded,at 3:43.13.
- July 10– American soccer playerBrandi Chastainscores the game winning penalty kick against China in thefinal of the FIFA Women's World Cup.
- July 11– India recapturesKargil,forcing thePakistaniarmy to retreat. India announces victory, ending the 2-month conflict.
- July 15–T-Mobile Park(formerly known as Safeco Field) opens for the first time.
- July 16–John F. Kennedy Jr.dies in a plane crash off ofMartha's Vineyard.
- July 18– MLB PitcherDavid Coneof theNew York Yankees,throws the 16thperfect gamein Major League Baseball history.
- July 20
- Mercury program:Liberty Bell 7– piloted byGus Grissomin1961– is raised from the Atlantic Ocean.
- Falun Gongis banned in the People's Republic of China underJiang Zemin.
- July 22–25–Woodstock '99was held inRome, New Yorkat formerGriffiss Air Force Base,which was marred with difficult environmental conditions, poor sanitation, overpriced food and water, looting, violence, rapes, riots and several deaths.
- July 23
- NASA'sChandra X-ray Observatoryis launched.
- Mohammed VI of Moroccobecomes king upon the death of his fatherHassan II.
- FourteenKosovar Serbvillagers arekilledby ethnic Albanian gunmen in the village of Staro Gračko.
- July 27– Twenty-one people die in acanyoningdisaster at theSaxetenbach GorgenearInterlaken,Switzerland.
- July 31–NASAintentionally crashes theLunar Prospectorspacecraftinto theMoon,thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the lunar surface.
August
- August 7– Dagestan incursions: Hundreds of Chechen guerrillas invade the Russian republic ofDagestan,triggering theshort war.[14]
- August 10– TheAtlantique incidentoccurs as an intrudingPakistan Navyplane is shot down in India, sparking tensions between the two nations, a month after the end of theKargil War.[15]
- August 11– Atotal solar eclipseis seen in Europe and Asia.
- August 17– The 7.6 Mw İzmit earthquakeshakes northwesternTurkeywith a maximumMercalli intensityof IX (Violent), leaving more than 17,000 dead and around 50,000 injured.
- August 19– InBelgrade,tens of thousands ofYugoslavsrally to demand the resignation ofYugoslav PresidentSlobodan Milošević.
- August 30–East Timorvotes for independence fromIndonesia(which had invaded and occupied it since 1975) ina referendum.
September
- September 3–1999 Ontario Highway 401 crashoccurs, involving 87 vehicles and killing 8.
- September 7– The 6.0 Mw Athens earthquakehits with a maximumMercalli intensityof IX (Violent), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless.
- September 8– The first of a series ofRussian apartment bombingsoccurs. Subsequent bombings occur on September 13 and 16, while a bombing on September 22 fails.
- September 12– Under international pressure to allow an international peacekeeping force, Indonesian president BJ Habibie announces that he will do so.
- September 14–Kiribati,NauruandTongajoin theUnited Nations.
- September 20– Start of theGreek stock market crash of 1999.
- September 21– The921 earthquake,also known as the Jiji earthquake (magnitude 7.6 on the Richter scale), kills about 2,400 people inTaiwan.
October
- October
- Conacami(National Confederation ofPeruvianCommunities Affected by Mining) is established to protect indigenous rights.[16]
- NASAloses one of its probes, theMars Climate Orbiter.
- October 1–Shanghai Pudong International Airportopens in China, taking over all international flights from Hongqiao.
- October 5– Thirty-one people die in theLadbroke Grove rail crash,west of London, England.
- October 12–PakistaniPrime MinisterNawaz Sharifattempts to dismiss Army Chief GeneralPervez Musharraf,who is out of the country. The generals lead acoup d'état,ousting Sharif's administration, and Musharraf takes control of the government.
- October 25–TelenovelaYo soy Betty, la feadebuts onRCN TelevisióninColombia.It will give rise toUgly Bettyand at least a dozen other versions worldwide.[17]
- October 27–Armenian parliament shooting:Gunmen open fire in theArmenianParliament, killing Prime MinisterVazgen Sargsyan,Parliament ChairmanKaren Demirchyan,and six other members.
- October 29–1999 Odisha cyclone:A super cyclonic storm impacts Orissa, India, killing approximately 10,000 people.
- October 30–1999 Incheon bar fire:A bar catches fire in Incheon, South Korea, killing 56 people.
- October 31
- EgyptAir Flight 990,travelling from New York City toCairo,crashes off the coast ofNantucket,Massachusetts killing all 217 on board.
- TheCatholic Churchand severalLutheran Churchleaders sign theJoint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification,attempting to resolve a centuries-old doctrinal dispute over the nature offaithandsalvation.
November
- November 6– Australians defeat areferendumproposing the replacement of the Queen and the Governor General with a President to make Australia a republic.
- November 12– The 7.2 Mw Düzce earthquakeshakes northwesternTurkeywith a maximumMercalli intensityof IX (Violent). At least 845 people are killed and almost 5,000 are injured.
- November 20–Chinalaunches the firstShenzhou spacecraft.
- November 23– TheNational AssemblyofKuwaitrevokes a1985law that granted women's suffrage.
- November 26– The 7.5 Mw Ambrym earthquakeshakesVanuatuand a destructive tsunami follows, killing 10 and injuring 40.
- November 27– The centre-leftLabour Partytakes control of theNew Zealand Government,with leaderHelen Clarkbecoming the second femalePrime Ministerin New Zealand's history.
December
- December 3
- After rowing for 81 days and 5,486 kilometers (2,962 nautical miles),Tori Murdenbecomes the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean byrowboatalone, when she reachesGuadeloupefrom theCanary Islands.
- NASAloses radio contact with theMars Polar Lander,moments before the spacecraft enters theMartian atmosphere.
- December 5–Bolivian municipal elections,the first election contested byEvo Morales'Movimiento al Socialismo.
- December 18– NASA launches the Terra platform into orbit, carrying five Earth Observation instruments, includingASTER,CERES,MISR,MODISandMOPITT.
- December 20–Handover of Macaufrom thePortuguese Republicto the People's Republic of China after 442 years of Portuguese rule in the settlement.
- December 26–Cyclone Lotharkills 140 people as it crosses France, southern Germany, and Switzerland.
- December 27– A day after Cyclone Lothar,Cyclone Martincauses additional damage throughout France, Spain, Switzerland and Italy, including an emergency due toflooding at the Blayais Nuclear Power Plant.
- December 31–Boris Yeltsinresigns aspresident of Russia,leavingPrime MinisterVladimir Putinas the acting president.
Births and deaths
Nobel Prizes
- Physics–Gerard 't HooftandMartinus J. G. Veltman
- Chemistry–Ahmed Zewail
- Physiology or Medicine–Günter Blobel
- Literature–Günter Grass
- Peace–Médecins Sans Frontières
- Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel–Robert Mundell
New English words and terms
- blog
- carbon footprint
- dashcam
- epigenomics
- metabolomics
- texting
- vape[18]
References
- ^"Mars Polar Lander | United States space probe".Encyclopedia Britannica.Archivedfrom the original on April 27, 2021.RetrievedApril 27,2021.
- ^Weintraub, David A. (2014).Is Pluto a Planet?: A Historical Journey through the Solar System.Princeton University Press. p. 250.ISBN978-1-4008-5297-0.
- ^Cummings, Sally N. (2002).Power and change in Central Asia.Routledge. p.130.ISBN9780415255851.
- ^"Jill Dando | Jill Dando murder".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on April 27, 2021.RetrievedApril 27,2021.
- ^Warnock, Lynda."STS-96".nasa.gov.NASA.RetrievedJune 15,2020.
- ^Ghoshal, Abhimanyu (December 28, 2018)."A nostalgic look back at digital music piracy in the 2000s".The Next Web.Archivedfrom the original on March 26, 2021.RetrievedMarch 18,2021.
- ^The Rise and Fall of LimeWire,November 18, 2019,archivedfrom the original on December 11, 2021,retrievedMarch 18,2021
- ^ab"Marines Shoot 3 In Kosovo Firefight".June 24, 1999. Archived fromthe originalon July 17, 2019.RetrievedJuly 17,2019– via washingtonpost.
- ^"KOSOVO: NATO PEACEKEEPING MISSION: US MARINES".Associated Press. June 1999.Archivedfrom the original on December 11, 2021.RetrievedJuly 17,2019– via YouTube.
- ^"YUGOSLAVIA: KOSOVO: GNJILANE: US MARINES ARRIVE".Associated Press. June 1999.Archivedfrom the original on December 11, 2021.RetrievedJuly 17,2019– via YouTube.
- ^"President Thabo Mbeki is inaugurated at Union Buildings".South African History Online.March 16, 2011.Archivedfrom the original on July 17, 2019.RetrievedJuly 17,2019.
- ^"KOSOVO: ZEGRA: US MARINES COME UNDER FIRE".Associated Press. June 1999.Archivedfrom the original on December 11, 2021.RetrievedJuly 17,2019– via YouTube.
- ^Westendorp, Carlos(June 25, 1999)."Decision imposing the Law on the National Anthem of BiH".Sarajevo: Office of the High Representative. Archived fromthe originalon July 9, 2003.RetrievedJuly 9,2003.
In accordance with my authority under Annex 10 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article XI of the Bonn Document, I do hereby decide that the Law on the National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina enters into force with immediate effect on an interim basis, until the House of Peoples adopts this law in due form, without amendments and no conditions attached.
- ^Lieven, Anatol (August 20, 1999)."Why Dagestan Needs the Russians".The New York Times.RetrievedAugust 4,2023.
- ^"The Atlantique Incident — Part 1 of 2".HistoricWings: A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers.August 10, 2013.RetrievedJuly 3,2022.
- ^CONACAMI Nuestra HistoriaArchived16 April 2013 atarchive.today,retrieved on 11 March 2012.
- ^Bellos, Alex(January 7, 2007)."Telenovelas: the story so far".The Daily Telegraph.London.Archivedfrom the original on April 5, 2019.RetrievedJuly 2,2023.
- ^"Time Traveler by Merriam-Webster: Words from 1999".merriam-webster.Archivedfrom the original on July 30, 2019.RetrievedJuly 30,2019.
External links
Media related to1999at Wikimedia Commons
