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Deep Space Atomic Clock

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Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC)
The miniaturized Deep Space Atomic Clock was designed for precise and real-time radio navigation in deep space.
Mission typeNavigation aidin deep space,gravityandoccultation science
OperatorJet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA
COSPAR ID2019-036CEdit this at Wikidata
SATCATno.44341
Websitewww.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/clock/index.html
Mission durationPlanned: 1 year[1]
Final: 2 years and 26 days
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftOrbital Test Bed (OTB)
ManufacturerGeneral Atomics Electromagnetic Systems
Payload mass17.5 kg
Dimensions29 × 26 × 23 cm
(11 × 10 × 9 in)
Power44 watts
Start of mission
Launch date25 June 2019, 06:30:00 UTC[2]
RocketFalcon Heavy
Launch siteKSC,LC-39A
ContractorSpaceX
Entered service23 August 2019
End of mission
DisposalDeactivated
Deactivated18 September 2021
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Epoch25 June 2019

TheDeep Space Atomic Clock(DSAC) was a miniaturized, ultra-precisemercury-ionatomic clockfor preciseradio navigationin deep space. DSAC was designed to be orders of magnitude more stable than existing navigation clocks, with a drift of no more than 1nanosecondin 10 days.[3]It is expected that a DSAC would incur no more than 1microsecondof error in 10 years of operations.[4]Data from DSAC is expected to improve the precision of deep space navigation, and enable more efficient use of tracking networks. The project was managed by NASA'sJet Propulsion Laboratoryand it was deployed as part of theU.S. Air Force'sSpace Test Program 2(STP-2) mission aboard aSpaceXFalcon Heavyrocket on 25 June 2019.[2]

The Deep Space Atomic Clock was activated on 23 August 2019.[5]Following a mission extension in June 2020,[6]DSAC was deactivated on 18 September 2021 after two years in operation.[7]

Overview[edit]

Current ground-based atomic clocks are fundamental to deep space navigation; however, they are too large to be flown in space. This results in tracking data being collected and processed here on Earth (a two-way link) for most deep space navigation applications.[4]The Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) is a miniaturized and stablemercuryion atomic clock that is as stable as a ground clock.[4]The technology could enable autonomous radio navigation for spacecraft's time-critical events such as orbit insertion or landing, promising new savings on mission operations costs.[3]It is expected to improve the precision of deep space navigation, enable more efficient use of tracking networks, and yield a significant reduction in ground support operations.[3][8]

Its applications in deep space include:[4]

  • Simultaneously track two spacecraft on a downlink with theDeep Space Network(DSN).
  • Improve tracking data precision by an order of magnitude using the DSN'sKa-banddownlink tracking capability.
  • MitigateKa-band's weather sensitivity (as compared to two-wayX-band) by being able to switch from a weather-impacted receiving antenna to one in a different location with no tracking outages.
  • Track longer by using a ground antenna's entire spacecraft viewing period. At Jupiter, this yields a 10–15% increase in tracking; at Saturn, it grows to 15–25%, with the percentage increasing the farther a spacecraft travels.
  • Make new discoveries as a Ka-band — capable radio science instrument with a 10 times improvement in data precision for bothgravityandoccultation scienceand deliver more data because of one-way tracking's operational flexibility.
  • Explore deep space as a key element of a real-time autonomous navigation system that tracks one-way radio signals on the uplink and, coupled withoptical navigation,provides for robust absolute and relative navigation.
  • Fundamental to human explorers requiring real-time navigation data.

Principle and development[edit]

Over 20 years, engineers at NASA'sJet Propulsion Laboratoryhave been steadily improving and miniaturizing the mercury-ion trap atomic clock.[3]The DSAC technology uses the property of mercury ions'hyperfine transitionfrequency at 40.50GHzto effectively "steer" the frequency output of aquartz oscillatorto a near-constant value. DSAC does this by confining the mercury ions with electric fields in a trap and protecting them by applying magnetic fields and shielding.[4][9]

Its development includes a test flight inlow Earth orbit,[10]while usingGPS signalsto demonstrate precision orbit determination and confirm its performance inradio navigation.

The Deep Space Atomic Clock-2, an improved version of the DSAC, will fly on theVERITASmission to Venus in 2028.[11]

Deployment[edit]

The flight unit is being hosted — along with other four payloads — on theOrbital Test Bedsatellite, provided byGeneral Atomics Electromagnetic Systems,using the Swift satellite bus.[12][13]It was deployed as a secondary spacecraft during the U.S. Air Force'sSpace Test Program 2(STP-2) mission aboard aSpaceXFalcon Heavyrocket on 25 June 2019.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC)".NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate.Retrieved10 December2018.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  2. ^abcSempsrott, Danielle (25 June 2019)."NASA's Deep Space Atomic Clock Deploys".NASA.Retrieved29 June2020.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  3. ^abcdBoen, Brooke (16 January 2015)."Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC)".NASA/JPL-Caltech. Archived fromthe originalon 11 November 2020.Retrieved28 October2015.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  4. ^abcde"Deep Space Atomic Clock"(PDF).NASA. 2014.Retrieved27 October2015.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  5. ^Samuelson, Anelle (26 August 2019)."NASA Activates Deep Space Atomic Clock".NASA.Retrieved26 August2019.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  6. ^"NASA Extends Deep Space Atomic Clock Mission".NASA/JPL-Caltech. 24 June 2020.Retrieved29 June2020.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  7. ^O'Neill, Ian J. (5 October 2021)."Working Overtime: NASA's Deep Space Atomic Clock Completes Mission".NASA.Retrieved5 October2021.
  8. ^"NASA to test atomic clock to keep space missions on time".Gizmag. 30 April 2015.Retrieved28 October2015.
  9. ^"DSAC (Deep Space Atomic Clock)".NASA.Earth Observation Resources. 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 17 August 2020.Retrieved28 October2015.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  10. ^David, Leonard (13 April 2016)."Spacecraft Powered by 'Green' Propellant to Launch in 2017".Space.Retrieved15 April2016.
  11. ^"Deep Space Atomic Clock Moves Toward Increased Spacecraft Autonomy".JPL.NASA.30 June 2021.Retrieved19 July2021.
  12. ^General Atomics Completes Ready-For-Launch Testing of Orbital Test Bed Satellite.General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems, press release on 3 April 2018.
  13. ^OTB: The MissionArchived19 September 2018 at theWayback Machine.Surrey Satellite Technology. Accessed on 10 December 2018.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock&oldid=1198358428"