Detmar Blow
Detmar Blow | |
|---|---|
| Born | 24 November 1867 England |
| Died | 7 February 1939(aged 71) Gloucester,England |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouse | Winifred Tollemache |
| Buildings | Hilles;Eaton Hall (Cheshire) |
Detmar Jellings Blow(24 November 1867 – 7 February 1939)[1]was a Britisharchitectof the early 20th century, who designed principally in thearts and craftsstyle. His clients belonged chiefly to the British aristocracy, and later he became estates manager to theDuke of Westminster.[citation needed]
The fiction that he was a descendant of the English restoration composerJohn Blowwas started in 1910 by Detmar Blow's wife Winifred, a member of the aristocraticTollemache family,as a means of obtaining a licence fromSt Paul's Cathedralfor the marriage of herself and Detmar.[citation needed]
Life and career[edit]
Son of Jellings Blow, of Hilles,Stroud,Gloucestershire,[2]Blow was one of the last disciples ofJohn Ruskin,[citation needed]whom as a young man he had accompanied on his last journey abroad. Detmar was friends with theWyndhamfamily, who at their country houseCloudsin Wiltshire created a salon frequented by many of the leading intellectual and artistic figures of the day, known asThe Souls,who welcomed Blow into their midst whilst admiring his romanticsocialistviews.
Blow's architectural work was very much influenced by his mentors Ruskin,William Holman HuntandPhilip Webb,the architect of Clouds (1886). In his early career he adopted the role of the wandering architect, travellingartisan-like with his own band ofmasonsfrom project to project. He married thearistocraticand intellectual Winifred Tollemache, and began to be patronised by the higher échelons of the British aristocracy. While much of his early work was, like that of his contemporaryLutyens,in theArts and Craftsstyle, his later work was dictated by the whims of his aristocraticpatrons.He became a brother of theArt Workers' Guildin 1892. At one point during his career he and Lutyens contemplated entering together into an architectural partnership. In 1906 he formed a partnership with the French architect Fernand Billerey (1878–1951) which continued until 1924, when the partnership was dissolved.
Amongst the buildings designed by Blow were Hilles, atHarescombe,nearStroudinGloucestershire,the mansion he built for himself after 1914,[3][4]very much influenced by the ideals of Ruskin, Webb andWilliam Morris(Blow was present at Morris's death and organised his funeral procession, driving the flower-strewn hay-wagon carrying the coffin, dressed in a farm worker's smock). In 1908 he rebuiltBramham Parkfor the Lane Fox family; however, this commission was a restoration of the formerBaroquehouse which had been severely damaged by fire in 1828.
Blow designed various properties forHugh "Bendor" Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster,including theChâteau Woolsack,a hunting lodge atMimizanin France. From 1916 to 1933 Blow worked almost exclusively for the duke, as manager of the Grosvenor estates, and as private secretary. His contemporary,Edwin Lutyens,described Blow in 1917 working as "a sort of baillif and Maitre d'Hotel as far as I can make out!"[5]A later disagreement, over "largely unfounded" allegations ofembezzlement,led to Blow's resignation and retirement.[6][7]
Notable works[edit]
- Lake House,Wiltshire (1898). Restoration of an Elizabethan house near Salisbury, with oversight by theSociety for the Protection of Ancient Buildings(SPAB). Lake House was gutted by fire in 1912, and Blow returned to reinstate and secure the ancient walls for a second time.[8]
- Stoneywelland Lea Cottages,Ulverscroft,Leicestershire (1898–9), toErnest Gimson's designs.[9]A 2012 appeal aimed to bring Stoneywell into the care of theNational Trust.[10]
- St Peter and St Paul's Church, Clare,Suffolk (1899). Restoration of the Church tower, again under SPAB oversight and guidance fromPhilip Webb.[11]
- Happisburgh Manor,Happisburgh,Norfolk (1900). Blow's first major work, although thebutterfly plandesign was inspired byErnest Gimson.[12]Built as a seaside villa, it is now a holiday rental property.[13]
- Stonehenge,Wiltshire (1900). When atrilithonfell over on 30 Dec 1900, Blow was engaged by SPAB both to re-erect and repair the lintel, and consider measures to prevent further erosion from the number of visitors.[14]
- Amesbury Abbey,Wiltshire. Dates uncertain, but appears to be contemporary with his Stonehenge involvement.[15]
- Lavington Park, West Sussex (1903). Elizabethan house built by the Garton Family, enlarged by Blow forLord Woolavington.NowSeaford College.[16]
- Little Ridge,Fonthill,Wiltshire (1904–6). Built forHugh Morrison,it was constructed from the stones ofBerwick St Leonardmanor house, three miles away. Massively enlarged in 1912 and renamed Fonthill House, it was demolished in 1979.[17]
- Church of St Mary and St Melor, Amesbury(1905). Structural restoration, working with architectC. E. Ponting.[18]
- Wilsford Manor,Wilsford cum Lake,Wiltshire (1906) forEdwardandPamela Tennant,1st Baron Glenconner, with internal woodwork byErnest Gimson.[19]
- All Saints' Chapel,Avon Tyrell House,Sopley,Hampshire (1906) for Lord Manners, with murals byPhoebe Traquair.
- Bovey Castle,Devon (1907) for the secondViscount Hambleden.
- Bramham Park,Yorkshire (1908). Restoration for the Lane-Fox family.
- Breccles Hall, Norfolk (1907–9). Rebuilt from a substantially ruined Elizabethan manor, with considerable care over the conservation and archaeological evidence.[20]
- Billesley Manor, Warwickshire (1906–13). Now a hotel.[21]
- Hatch House, Newtown, Wiltshire (1908).[22]
- Islay House(1910) Nursery wing.
- Heale House,Woodford, Wiltshire(1910). Blow added a new wing for the Hon. Louis Greville.
- 46 Grosvenor Street, London (1910–11). Reconstruction of two townhouses into a single residence for SirEdgar Speyer.[23][24]
- Horwood House,Little Horwood,Buckinghamshire (1912) with Fernand Billery.[25]
- Château Woolsack,Mimizan,France (1912). A hunting lodge for the 2nd Duke of Westminster.
- Hilles, Harescombe, Gloucestershire (started in 1913). Built for himself and still occupied by the Blow family.
- Stanway House,Gloucestershire (1913). Blow built a new wing forLady Mary Elcho,later Lady Wemyss, sister of Pamela Tennant, and one of the founders ofThe Souls.[26]
- Schloss Kranzbach, Krün, near Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (1915). Blow's plans, in Arts and Crafts style, were drawn up in 1913 for the Hon. Miss Mary Portman, who intended it to be an artist's retreat. Building work was completed in 1915, but the war meant neither Blow nor Portman saw it.[27]Used as accommodation for the 1936 Winter Olympics, it is now a hotel.[28]
- Gwrych Castle,Abergele,Wales(1914). He was instructed byWinifred, Countess of Dundonaldto extend the castle by building a grand staircase, the walls were finished with white and green Italian marble.[29]
- Wootton Manor,Polegate, Sussex (1915?). 17th-century manor house, with 14th-century elements, greatly enlarged by Blow for the Gwynne family.[30]
- Holcombe House,Stroud, Gloucestershire (1925), leased by Blow to Lady Plymouth, formerly Gay Windsor, another ofThe Souls.[31]
- Broome Park,Kent (1915–16).Lord Kitchenerhad bought it in 1911, and involved Blow in its renovation. One of the few building commissions he had during the Great War, it was unfinished when Kitchener died in 1916.[5]
References[edit]
- ^"Dictionary of Scottish architects".Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2015.Retrieved18 December2012.
- ^Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 3, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 3912
- ^Musson, Jeremy (2018).Secret Houses of the Cotswolds.Frances Lincoln. pp. 70–75.ISBN978-0711239241.
- ^Historic England."Hilles House and terraced gardens (1090823)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved6 September2020.
- ^abDrury 2000,p. 244.
- ^Dakers, Caroline."Fonthill Recovered".UCL Digital Press.Retrieved20 February2021.
- ^"Detmar Blow".Dictionary of Scottish Architects.Retrieved20 February2021.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 92-4.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 87.
- ^National Trust Stoneywell appealArchived28 October 2012 at theWayback Machineaccessed 16 October 2012
- ^Drury 2000,p. 101.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 97-99.
- ^clarenco Happisburgh ManorArchived14 October 2012 at theWayback Machine,accessed 15 October 2012
- ^Drury 2000,p. 110-115.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 111.
- ^Historic England."Lavington Park Seaford College (Grade II*) (1232490)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved1 September2019.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 127-130.
- ^Baggs, A. P.; Freeman, Jane; Stevenson, Janet H. (1995). "Parishes: Amesbury". In Crowley, D. A. (ed.).A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 15.Victoria County History.University of London. pp. 13–55.Retrieved25 May2021– via British History Online.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 116-124.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 133-134.
- ^Historic England."Billesley Manor Hotel (Grade II*) (1382696)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved1 September2019.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 107.
- ^Sheppard 1980,pp. 44–57.
- ^Historic England."46, Grosvenor Street W1 (Grade II*) (1066700)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved1 September2019.
- ^Historic England."Horwood House (Grade II) (1288825)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved3 August2019.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 106.
- ^de:Schloss Kranzbach
- ^Schloss Kranzbach Wellness HotelArchived14 January 2013 atarchive.todayAccessed 16 October 2012
- ^"?".Clifton Society. 26 June 1913.Retrieved7 September2023.
- ^Historic England."Central Building of Wootton Manor (Grade II*) (1288825)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved1 September2019.
- ^Drury 2000,p. 104.
Bibliography[edit]
- Drury, Michael (2000).Wandering Architects: In Pursuit of an Arts and Crafts Ideal.Stamford, Lincs: Shaun Tyas.ISBN190028913X.
- Sheppard, F. H. W. (1980).Grosvenor Street: South Side, Survey of London: volume 40: The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 2 (The Buildings).English Heritage.Retrieved1 September2019.
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