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Deutsche Reichspartei

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"German Empire Party" and "German Imperial Party" redirect here. For others uses, seeDRP.
This article is about the post-war party. For the party that existed in Imperial Germany, also known as the German Reich Party, seeFree Conservative Party.
German Empire Party
Deutsche Reichspartei
AbbreviationDRP
Leader
Founded21/22 January 1950[1]
Dissolved1965
Merger of
Merged intoNational Democratic Party of Germany[5][6]
NewspaperReichsruf
IdeologyNeo-Nazism
Political positionFar-right
European affiliationNational Party of Europe
ColorsBrown

TheDeutsche Reichspartei(DRP), also known as theGerman Empire PartyorGerman Imperial Party,was anationalist,far-right,and laterneo-Nazipolitical party inWest Germany.It was founded in 1950 from theGerman Right Party(German:Deutsche Rechtspartei), which had been set up inLower Saxonyin 1946 and had five members in the firstBundestag,and from which it took the name. Its biggest success and only major breakthrough came in the 1959Rhineland-Palatinateregional election, when it sent a deputy to the assembly.[5]

Prior to its 1952 turn towards explicitneo-Nazism,the DRP advocatedGerman nationalism,pan-Germanismand support of a newReich,andpan-European nationalism.Ananti-communist,antisemitic,andanti-socialistparty, itscriticism of capitalismwas reflected ineconomic antisemiticterms rather thansocialism,in addition toracial antisemitism.When the openly neo-Nazi-orientedSocialist Reich Party(SRP) was declared unconstitutional and disbanded by theFederal Constitutional Court of Germany,many of its members joined the DRP.[7]With its lack of success, the party was symbolically liquidated and followed by the establishment of theNational Democratic Party of Germany(NPD).[5]

Formation

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The DRP was established in 1950 when the majority of theDeutsche Rechtspartei(German Right Party) members of theBundestagdecided to establish a more formal party network under the DRP name.[2]The new party absorbed the National Democrats, a splinter group fromHesse.[3]The party took its name from an earlier eponymous group that had existed during theGerman Empireperiod.[5]The initial three deputy chairmen,Wilhelm Meinberg,Otto Hess, and Heinrich Kunstmann, had all been members of theNazi Party.[5]From 1951, the group published its own newspaper, which was titledReichsruf(Call of the Reich).[8]

Development

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On 6 May 1951, the party won 2.2 percent of the vote inLower Saxonystate election and with that, three deputies (as the state did not have a electoral hurdle before 1959). However, they were overshadowed by the explicitly neo-NaziSocialist Reich Party(SRP), which received 11% of the vote.

The party moved towards explicitneo-Nazismin 1952, when the SRP was declared unconstitutional and disbanded by theFederal Constitutional Court of Germany.Much of its membership then joined the DRP.[7]The membership ofHans-Ulrich Rudelin 1953 was seen as marking out the party as the new force of neo-Nazism and he enjoyed close ties toSavitri DeviandNazi mysticism.[9]

Stability under chancellorKonrad Adenauerof theChristian Democratic Union of Germanyand the growth experienced during theWirtschaftswundermeant that the DRP struggled for support, averaging around only 1% of the national votes in the federal elections of 1953, 1957, and 1961.[5]The party still won 3.8% of the vote in the 1955 Lower Saxony state election and sent six deputies to the state assembly. In November 1957, the Lower Saxonian FDP andGB/BHEformed a joint parliamentary group and accepted the DRP members as the group's guest members, however, the state Minister-President Heinrich Hellwege (DP) was not willing to include them and formed a new coalition with DP, CDU and SPD.[10][11][12]The party's only major breakthrough came in the1959 Rhineland-Palatinate state election,where it won 5.1% of the vote and thus was able to send one deputy,Hans Schikora[de],to the assembly.[5]

The party's sudden breakthrough was due to local winegrowers' concerns that West German membership in theEuropean Economic Communitywould intensify competition with better and cheaperFrench wines,thus destroying their livelihoods; Rhineland-Palatinate beingGermany's most important winegrowing regionat the time. As a result, the DRP's protectionism, as well as its anti-French sentiment with the slogan "Out with all the Occupiers" ( "Raus mit allen Besatzern" ), resonated with the winegrowers. However, the lone Schikora was quickly isolated by the democratic parties (CDU, SPD, FDP).[13]

On Christmas Eve 1959, two DRP party members, Arnold Strunk and Josef Schönen, defaced theRoonstrasse SynagogueinColognewith swastikas and the inscription "Deutsche fordern: Juden raus" ( "Germans demand: Jews out" ).[14]They were sentenced to 14 and 10 months in prison, respectively, with loss of civil rights for two years.[15]

The party's Rhineland-Palatinate branch was declared to be an SRP successor organization and banned by the state's interior minister August Wolters (CDU) on 26 January 1960. The federal party leadership held Schikora responsible for this legal punishment and expelled him from the party. The SRP-associated members of party's previous state executive committee were also expelled, and the party ban was lifted on 24 November 1960. At the party's state delegates' conference in October 1961, the national-neutralist wing achieved a majority and re-elected Schikora as state chairman; however, he was again dismissed two months later and the party began to dissolve afterwards. By 1962, the state association had lost around 30% of its members, and in the 1963 state elections, the party fell below the 5% vote threshold and left the Landtag.[13]

In 1962, the party took part in an international conference of far-right groups hosted inVenicebyOswald Mosleyand signed up as members of hisNational Party of Europe.[16]This initiative did not take off as Mosley had hoped, as few of the member parties, including the DRP, were interested in changing their name to National Party of Europe, as he had hoped they would.[17]One of the party's last acts in 1964 saw it sponsor a tour of Germany by controversial American historianDavid L. Hoggan,a prominentHolocaust denier.[18]

Dissolution

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Their lack of national success saw the leaders of the DRP seek to extend their influence further, and they made contact with the leaders of other rightist parties, such as theGerman Partyand its successor (following that organisation's merger with theAll-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights), theGesamtdeutsche Parteiseeking close ties.[19]It was soon decided that a more formal union with other rightist groups was desirable. They held their final party conference inBonnin 1964 in which they voted to form a new union of "national democratic forces".[5]The party was symbolically liquidated, with theNationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands(National Democratic Party of Germany, NPD) established immediately afterwards.[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Deutsche Reichspartei (DRP)".Tabula Rasa.6 July 2015.Retrieved16 July2023.
  2. ^abCas Mudde(2000).The Ideology of the Extreme Right.Manchester University Press. pp. 25–26.
  3. ^abKarl Dietrich Bracher(1971).The German Dictatorship,Penguin. p. 581.
  4. ^"Mitteilungen"[Report] (in German).Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution.Archived fromthe originalon 2008-05-16.Retrieved2009-09-16.
  5. ^abcdefghiLuciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson & Michalina Vaughan (1991).Neo-Fascism in Europe.Longman. p. 71.
  6. ^Horst W. Schmollinger, Richard Stöss (1975).Die Parteien und die Presse der Parteien und Gewerkschaften in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1945–1974.Westdeutscher Verlag. p. 187.
  7. ^abMartin A. Lee,The Beast Reawakens,Warner Books, 1998, p. 115
  8. ^Bracher,The German Dictatorship of Fascists,p. 583
  9. ^Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke,Black Sun,New York University Press, 2003, pp. 101–102
  10. ^"Zwischen Elbe und Ems".Die Zeit(in German). No. 13/1959.
  11. ^Pifke, Günter (6 February 1958)."FDP-Waschküche in Wolfenbüttel".Die Zeit(in German). No. 6/1958.
  12. ^"Hellweges Erfolg".Die Zeit(in German). No. 48/1957. 28 November 1957.
  13. ^abSowinski, Oliver (1998).Die Deutsche Reichspartei 1950–1965. Organisation und Ideologie einer rechtsradikalen Partei(in German). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. pp. 79–87, 394.ISBN978-3631324752.
  14. ^Brenner, Michael (2013-01-22)."1959: Hakenkreuze an der Kölner Synagoge".Jüdische Allgemeine(in German).Retrieved2024-01-27.
  15. ^"Desecraters of Cologne Synagogue Sentenced to Prison Lose Rights".Jewish Telegraphic Agency.2015-03-20.Retrieved2024-01-27.
  16. ^Goodrick-Clarke,Black Sun,p. 30
  17. ^Richard Thurlow,Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918–1985,Basil Blackwell, 1987, p. 247
  18. ^Bracher,The German Dictatorship,p. 588
  19. ^Mudde,The Ideology of the Extreme Right,p. 26
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