Dezful
Dezful
Persian:دزفول | |
|---|---|
City | |
   | |
| Nicknames: دسفیل,دژپل,desfeal,dezhpoll | |
  Dezful | |
| Coordinates:32°22′43″N48°24′52″E/ 32.37861°N 48.41444°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Khuzestan |
| County | Dezful |
| District | Central |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| •Urban | 264,709 |
| •Metro | 443,971 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30(IRST) |
| Area code | 061 |
Dezful(Persian:دزفول;pronounced[dɛzˈfuːl])[a]is a city in theCentral DistrictofDezful County,Khuzestanprovince,Iran,serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]
Etymology[edit]
The name Dezful has been derived from the two wordsdiz(fortress) +pul(bridge), which in combination could stand for 'the bridge to the fortress' or 'fortified bridge' in Persian language.[6][7]The original name of the city was Dezhpul, but after theMuslim conquest of Persia,the city was renamed Dezful,[6]since the Arabic language does not have 'p' and 'zh' sounds.
History[edit]
Dezful is one of the oldest cities in the Khuzestan province. According to Walther Hinz excavations, Awan (capital of the firstElamempire) was located in Dezful. The bridge was built during the reign ofShapur Iwho used Roman prisoners of war after theBattle of Edessato build the bridge.[8]
Demographics[edit]
Language[edit]
The people of Dezful, known as Dezfuli, Dezfoolians or Dezfulians, speak Persian dialects ofDezfuli– a dialect distinct to Dezful – andShushtari,[9]which is sometimes considered the most archaic of Persian dialects.[10]
Historically, Dezful was home to aMandaeancommunity for many centuries.[11]One of Dezful's best-known residents was theMandaean priestRam Zihrun.[12]: 140
Population[edit]
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 228,507 in 55,711 households.[13]The following census in 2011 counted 248,380 people in 66,715 households.[14]The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 264,709 people in 78,348 households.[2]
Geography[edit]
Dezful is 650 kilometers away from the national capital ofTehranand 155 kilometres away from the provincial capital ofAhvaz.The city is located 300 kilometres from thePersian Gulfand is at an altitude of 143 meters.
The city lies at the foot of theZagros Mountainsand has a history that dates back to theSassanianera. The area around Dezful has been home to civilizations for 5000 years.[15]
Dezful sits close to the foothills of theZagros Mountainson the main north-south highway fromTehrantoAhvaz,the provincial capital ofKhuzestan.The main rail line fromTehranto thePersian Gulfis 15 km (9 mi) from Dezful, on the opposite side of theDez River.
Climate[edit]
Dezful has ahot semi-arid climate(Köppen climate classificationBSh) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is higher than most of southern Iran, but is almost exclusively confined to the period from November to April, though on occasions it can exceed 250 millimetres (9.8 in) per month or 600 millimetres (24 in) per year.[16]
Snowfall in this city is a very rare event.But in 2020, for the first time, the city of Dezful witnessed snowfall, which led to the happiness of the people of this city.[17]
| Climate data for Dezful | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.0 (82.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
40.5 (104.9) |
46.5 (115.7) |
50.7 (123.3) |
53.6 (128.5) |
52.0 (125.6) |
48.4 (119.1) |
43.0 (109.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
53.6 (128.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
43.7 (110.7) |
46.0 (114.8) |
44.9 (112.8) |
41.7 (107.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
19.3 (66.7) |
32.1 (89.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
22.8 (73.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
24.2 (75.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
15.6 (60.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9 (16) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−2 (28) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2 (28) |
−9 (16) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 100.6 (3.96) |
60.0 (2.36) |
50.2 (1.98) |
34.5 (1.36) |
9.2 (0.36) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
7.4 (0.29) |
39.1 (1.54) |
83.2 (3.28) |
384.4 (15.14) |
| Average rainy days | 9.9 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 52 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 75 | 68 | 59 | 49 | 32 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 29 | 40 | 59 | 73 | 47 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 131.6 | 158.4 | 192.3 | 217.7 | 272.5 | 325.6 | 322.7 | 317.0 | 291.3 | 234.8 | 158.2 | 121.9 | 2,744 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[18] | |||||||||||||
Historical monuments[edit]
In an area with a history that extends back to ancient civilization, the city houses abridgethat dates back to 300 AD.[19]
Transportation[edit]
There are direct flights from Tehran to Dezful (and reverse) at least twice a day. There are also weekly flights from Dezful toMashhad(mawhad or mašhad). Dezful can also be reached by the Iranian railways.
Buses are available from almost all Iranian major cities to Dezful or one of its adjacent cities. Trains of theTrans-Iranian Railwayserve the neighboring town ofAndimeshk.
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]
See also[edit]
- Battle of Dezful
- Morteza Ansari(1781–1864), a famous Shia jurisprudent
- Gholam Ali Rashid(born 1953), Iranian commander from Dezful
Notes[edit]
- ^Dezfuli dialect:Desfil,pronounced[desˈfiːl]); alsoromanizedasDezfoolandDezfūl;also known asAb-e Diz[3]andDīzfūl[4]
References[edit]
- ^OpenStreetMap contributors (29 July 2023)."Dezful, Dezful County"(Map).OpenStreetMap(in Persian).Retrieved29 July2023.
- ^ab"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)".AMAR(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived fromthe original(Excel)on 21 October 2020.Retrieved19 December2022.
- ^.Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
- ^Dezful can be found atGEOnet Names Server,atthis link,by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3061127" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^Habibi, Hassan."Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz".Islamic Parliament Research Center(in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived fromthe originalon 17 July 2014.Retrieved25 January2024.
- ^ab"اخبار استان های ایران".dezfulshenasi.mihanblog.Archived fromthe originalon 21 April 2018.Retrieved2 April2018.
- ^Everett-Heath, John (24 October 2019).The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names.Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001.ISBN978-0-19-188291-3.
- ^Hartung, Fritz; Kuros, Gh. R. (1987), "Historische Talsperren im Iran", in Garbrecht, Günther (ed.),Historische Talsperren,vol. 1, Stuttgart: Verlag Konrad Wittwer, pp. 221–274 (232),ISBN3-87919-145-X
- ^Talebi, Mohammad Ali; Gholamhosani, Korush (1 January 2018)."Growth and Feedlot Performance of Lori-Bakhtiari, Romanov × Lori-Bakhtiari and Pakistani × Lori-Bakhtiari Crossbred Lambs".Research on Animal Production.8(17): 201–208.doi:10.29252/rap.8.17.201.ISSN2251-8622.
- ^"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
- ^Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people.New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN0-19-515385-5.OCLC65198443.
- ^Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010).The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history.Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press.ISBN978-1-59333-621-9.
- ^"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)".AMAR(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived fromthe original(Excel)on 20 September 2011.Retrieved25 September2022.
- ^"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)".Syracuse University(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived fromthe original(Excel)on 18 January 2023.Retrieved19 December2022.
- ^""دزفول" شهری از سپیده دم تاریخ ".
- ^"اداره کل هواشناسی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری".chaharmahalmet.ir.Retrieved2 April2018.
- ^"بارش برف در خوزستان مردم را غافلگیر کرد - تسنیم".خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim(in Persian).Retrieved29 February2024.
- ^"Dezful Climate Normals 1961-1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Retrieved28 December2012.
- ^سايت اداره ميراث فرهنگي ، صنايع دستي و گردشگري شهرستان دزفولArchived2008-10-13 at theWayback Machine
- ^"خبرگزاری صداوسیما | IRIB News".Archived fromthe originalon 10 June 2015.Retrieved16 November2013.
Sources[edit]
External links[edit]
- Persian Language and Dezful TourismArchived24 February 2020 at theWayback Machine
- Azarkish Dezful
- Dezful TourismArchived11 August 2020 at theWayback Machine
- Dezful News NetworkArchived17 January 2021 at theWayback Machine
- Dezful MagazineArchived14 May 2021 at theWayback Machine
- Dezful Unofficial Website
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