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Digital terrestrial television in Sweden

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Digital terrestrial television was launched inSwedenin 1999. The shutdown of the analogue equivalent started on September 19, 2005, and was finalized on October 15, 2007.[1]

The network uses theDVB-T-standard and broadcasts several free-to-air and encrypted channels on a number of multiplexes. The majority of the channels are encrypted and viewing them requires a decoding card.

History[edit]

On April 9, 1997, theSwedish Riksdagdecided that digital terrestrial television (DTT) was to be introduced in Sweden. In June 1998, the government decided which channels were to broadcast in the network. The channels that received a national license were:TV3,Kanal 5,Canal+,Kunskaps-TV i Sverige (to beK World),TV8and Cell Internet Commerce Development (eTV) in addition toSVT1,SVT24andTV4.Originally, only two multiplexes were planned and thereforeSVT2was omitted. However, before the launch a third multiplex was decided on and SVT2 would be allowed to broadcast.

Two companies were created to handle the encryption services, as all channels would be encrypted:Senda i Sverigewho managed the system and decoding cards andBoxerwho rented out set-top-boxes.

The digital terrestrial television network was launched on April 1, 1999,[2]making Sweden the second country in Europe to launch digital terrestrial television. It then contained onlySVT1,SVT2andSVT24.Five regional SVT channels launched some months later.

Private companies didn't launch until the autumn when TV3, TV4, Kanal 5, TV8, K World, Canal+ and eTV launched. Canal+ were granted two extra licenses to broadcast Canal+ Gul and Canal+ Blå. Boxer started their business in the autumn.

The take-up was slow at first. When the network had been running for six months, only about 500 households had rented the necessary set-top-boxes.

New licenses were granted in January 2000. A fourth multiplex was launched in the spring. After this, the DTT network looked like this:

MTG said they weren't allowed to use commercial breaks in the terrestrial network. The commercial break were replaced by captions. Kanal 5 did however continue broadcasting their commercial breaks as they did on satellite. In January 2001, MTG introduced an extra fee of 115 SEK for TV3, ZTV and TV8 to cover the losses made as they didn't broadcast advertising.

In June 2001, MTG decided to cease their terrestrial broadcasts in August, which they did. As they didn't broadcast anything at all, the license was taken back, making MTG claim that they were thrown out of the DTT network.

The five MTG were replaced by other channels during the autumn of 2001:Discovery Channel,Animal Planet,MTV Nordic,Nickelodeon/VH1andEurosport.TV4 were granted a license to broadcastCNN International.

During 2002, both eTV and K World went bankrupt. The SVT regional channels were closed down and replaced by an event channel calledSVT Extra.NonStop Televisionstarted broadcasting a channel calledE!in the autumn. Senda and Boxer merged on October 1, 2002, to form the newBoxer TV Access.

In December 2002, SVT launched the children's channelBarnkanalenfollowed in February 2003 by a relaunch ofSVT24.TV4 launched their first major digital channelTV4 Plus,now Sjuan, in March.

During 2003 and 2004 the sale of set-top-boxes increased after several years of financial difficulties.

The shutdown of the analogue network was decided on in the spring of 2003.

In 2004 the launch of a fifth multiplex and more efficient compression made it possible to allow more channels to launch:Disney Channel,TV3,ZTV,TV4 Film,TV8,TCM,BBC World,Discovery Travel & AdventureandShowtime.This meant that MTG returned to the DTT network. They did broadcast free-to-air for some months, but in August they decided to scramble their broadcasts. 2004 also saw the launch ofKunskapskanalenfrom SVT andUR.At the end of 2004, the DTT networked looked like this:

In early 2005, TV8 was moved to MUX 3 which had higher coverage than MUX 5, which at start only covered 50 percent of the households. Several changes were made to the local programmes during 2005. TV4 started making their local stations available in the digital network (previouslyTV4 Stockholmwas shown nationwide) and SVT started providing an alternative local output so the viewer could choose to watch a neighbouring region. New regional commercial channels started:ByTV JämtlandinJämtlandandKanal LokalinStockholm,GothenburgandSkåne.

On September 19, 2005, the island ofGotlandbecame the first region to have its analogue transmitters turned off. This continued during the autumn when the Gävle and Motala transmitters were shut down.

The fact that only the SVT channels, TV4 and the local channels were availablefree-to-airwas a problem during the switch-off as those affected didn't feel they got enough in return for the trouble of having to buy set-top-boxes and in some cases a new antenna.

When new licenses for 2006 were pending, the Minister of Education and CultureLeif Pagrotskystated that those broadcasters who were going to broadcast free-to-air would be more likely to receive a new license. New licenses were awarded in February 2006. This meant that:

  • Viasatwould be awarded a license to broadcastTV6round-the-clock in MUX 2
  • The newspaperAftonbladetandAxel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundationwould share free-to-air one stream in MUX5. Aftonbladet would broadcast what becameAftonbladet TV7on Weekdays whileAxess TVwas broadcast in the weekend.
  • SBS Broadcastingreceived one stream in MUX 4 that would be shared byThe Voice TVand a channel called "C 5". The Voice TV would broadcast free-to-air from 6a.m. to 6p.m. while "C 5", renamedONE Televisionat launch, would broadcast 6p.m. to 6a.m.
  • NonStop Televisionhad to replaceShowtimewith a new channel called "NonStop Filmfestival". It launched in May asSilver.
  • BBC Primewould broadcast one pay channel in MUX 5.
  • Star!got its hours cut and would now broadcast in the Nickelodeon downtime from 6p.m. to 6a.m.
  • VH1,which was previously broadcast in the Nickelodeon downtime, would now broadcast "if space was available". Initially it did broadcast round-the-clock, but when this space was taken over by The Voice/ONE the channel disappeared. VH1 returned in June 2006, broadcasting overnight on the MTV's space.

In June 2006, SVT and TV4 did broadcast the2006 FIFA World Cupinhigh-definitionon temporary frequencies from a few transmitters. Those frequencies were taken back when the World Cup ended.

In December 2006, the new right-wing government decided that a sixth multiplex would be taken into regular use, initially only to secure that the broadcasts ofTV Finlandwould be secured when the transmitter of the capital region was turned off.

The Boxer monopoly on pay television was criticized by theEuropean Commissionand on October 17, 2006, it announced would be taking Sweden to theEuropean Court of Justiceas the country had failed to abolish the monopoly.

SBS Broadcasting decided to replaceONE Televisionwith a new channel calledKanal 9in February 2007. With the launch of Kanal 9, they were allowed to adjust the Kanal 9/The Voice TV timeshare.

On May 26, 2007,SVT HDwas launched on the remaining capacity of the multiplex that broadcast TV Finland, broadcasting HDTV programmes from four transmitters around the capital using MPEG-4 AVC compression.

On March 27, 2008, new broadcasts licenses were announced by theRadio and TV Authority(RTVV). This was the first time that the RTVV issued broadcast licenses and not government. New channels granted national licenses wereComedy Central,Discovery Science,Jetix,National Geographic Channel,Showtime,TV4 Sport,TV1000andViasat Sport 1.In addition, new regional licenses were given to24nt,24 Västra Götaland,Borås Tidning TV,Kanal 12andST TVas well asKanal Lokalin Dalarna, Gävleborg, Jämtland, Norrbotten, Västernorrland, Småland and Blekinge.

Out of the new channels, Discovery Science, National Geographic Channel, Showtime, Jetix, TV1000 and Viasat Sport 1 would be put in the new sixth national multiplex. I addition,BBC WorldandDiscovery Travel & Livingwould move to this multiplex. The new multiplex would use the newerH.264/MPEG-4 AVCcompression which would allow ten channels to broadcast from one network simultaneously, as opposed to the older, less efficient,MPEG-2used by the existing multiplexes.

Some channels got new broadcasting hours.Axess TVcould start broadcasting the entire week,Aftonbladet TV7andCanal 7would timeshare so TV7 broadcast during the daytime and Canal 7 during the evening and night,VH1got to broadcast between 10p.m. and 6a.m.,Nickelodeonhad its hours extended, reducing those ofStar!.

The new licenses also stipulated that TV7,The Voice TVand Star! would have to move to the sixth multiplex on January 1, 2009. This makes TV7, Canal 7,Kanal 9,The Voice TV and Star! to become 24-hour channels and also provides the space where Comedy Central will broadcast.[3]

As of 2010 the following line up is as follow:

Channels[edit]

As of May 2016:

LCN
 Channel
 Parent
 Conglomerate
 Availability
 Stream time
 MUX
 Compr.
1. SVT1 SVT Free-to-air 24 hours, regional variations. 1 MPEG-2
2. SVT2 SVT Free-to-air 24 hours, regional variations. 1 MPEG-2
3. TV3 Viaplay Group Encrypted 24 hours 2 MPEG-2
4. TV4 TV4-Gruppen Telia Company Free-to-air 24 hours, regional variations. 2 MPEG-2
5. Kanal 5 Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 2 MPEG-2
6. TV6 Viaplay Group Encrypted 24 hours 2 MPEG-2
7. Sjuan TV4-Gruppen Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 2 MPEG-2
8. TV8 Viaplay Group Encrypted 24 hours 3 MPEG-2
9. Kanal 9 Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 2 MPEG-2
10. TV10 Viaplay Group Encrypted 24 hours 4 MPEG-2
11. Kanal 11 Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 2 MPEG-2
12. TV12 TV4-Gruppen Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 3 MPEG-2
13. Fox Fox Networks Group The Walt Disney Company Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
14. MTV Paramount Networks EMEAA National Amusements Encrypted 24 hours 3 MPEG-4
15. V Series Viaplay Group Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
16. Comedy Central Paramount Networks EMEAA National Amusements Encrypted 19:00–03:00 3 MPEG-2
17. TLC Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 3 MPEG-2
18. BBC Brit BBC Studios BBC Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
19. National Geographic Channel HD National Geographic The Walt Disney Company Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
20. Animal Planet HD Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 06:00–23:45 6 MPEG-4
21. Discovery Channel Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 3 MPEG-2
22. Investigation Discovery Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
23. BBC Earth BBC Studios BBC Encrypted 18:00–06:00 5 MPEG-4
24. TV4 Fakta TV4-Gruppen Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 2 MPEG-2
25. Axess TV Axess Publishing Nordstjernan Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
26. CNN International CNN Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
27. BBC World News BBC News BBC Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
28. Al Jazeera Al Jazeera Media Network Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
29. Viasat Explore MTG Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
30. History A+E Networks Hearst Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
31. Horse & Country TV H&C TV Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
32. Travel Channel Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
34. Nickelodeon Paramount Networks EMEAA National Amusements Encrypted 05:00–19:00 3 MPEG-2
35. Nick Jr Paramount Networks EMEAA National Amusements Encrypted 06:00–18:00 7 MPEG-4
36. Boomerang Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 06:00–21:00 5 MPEG-4
37. Cartoon Network Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
38. Disney Channel Walt Disney Television The Walt Disney Company Encrypted 06:00–22:00 3 MPEG-4
39. Disney XD Walt Disney Television The Walt Disney Company Encrypted 06:00–18:00 5 MPEG-4
41. TV4 Film TV4-Gruppen Telia Company Encrypted 18:00–06:00 5 MPEG-4
42. Paramount Channel Paramount Networks EMEAA National Amusements Encrypted 22:00–06:00 3 MPEG-2
43. TCM Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 21:00–06:00 5 MPEG-4
46. TV4 SportHD TV4-Gruppen Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
47. Eurosport 1 Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 1 MPEG-2
48. Eurosport 2 Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
51. C More First C More Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
52. C More Series C More Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
53. C More Sport/SF-Kanalen C More Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 5 MPEG-4
54. C MoreFotball/Hockey/Emotion C More Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
55. C More LiveHD /C More HitsHD C More Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 7 MPEG-4
61. SVT1 HD SVT Free-to-air 24 hours 6 MPEG-4
62. SVT2 HD SVT Free-to-air 24 hours 6 MPEG-4
63. TV3 HD Viaplay Group Encrypted 24 hours 6 MPEG-4
64. TV4 HD TV4-Gruppen Telia Company Encrypted 24 hours 6 MPEG-4
65. Kanal 5 HD Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA Warner Bros. Discovery Encrypted 24 hours 6 MPEG-4
82. 24nt Norrköpings Tidningar NTM-koncernen Free-to-air Available around Norrköping 5 MPEG-2
82. 24Corren Östgöta Correspondenten NTM-koncernen Free-to-air Available around Linköping 5 MPEG-2
82. 24Norrbotten Norrbottens Media NTM-koncernen Free-to-air Available in Norrbotten 5 MPEG-2
82. 24.UNT Upsala Nya Tidning NTM-koncernen Free-to-air Available around Uppsala 5 MPEG-2
84. TV Finland Yle Free-to-air 24 hours 5 MPEG-2
91. SVT1 Talande textremsa SVT Free-to-air 24 hours (audio stream) 1
92. SVT2 Talande textremsa SVT Free-to-air 24 hours (audio stream) 1
96. Extra version of SVT1. SVT 1
97. Extra version of SVT2. SVT 1
98. SVTB/SVT24 SVT Free-to-air 24 hours 1 MPEG-2
99. Kunskapskanalen SVT Free-to-air 24 hours 1 MPEG-2

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Sista analoga TV-nätet släckt"(in Swedish). Sydsvenskan. 15 October 2007.Retrieved18 July2015.
  2. ^redaktör: Susan Gollenia (2000),En guide till digital-TV(PDF),Swedish Radio and TV Authority, p. 11,ISBN91-973833-2-5,archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2007-10-20
  3. ^Tillstånd att sända TV-program,Radio and TV Authority, March 27, 2008

External links[edit]

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