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Dildo

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"Artificial penis" redirects here. For the construction or reconstruction of a penis, seePhalloplasty.
For other uses, seeDildo (disambiguation).

A 5.5-inch (14 cm) clearthermoplastic elastomer( "jelly" ) dildo

Adildois asex toy,often explicitlyphallicin appearance, intended forsexual penetrationor othersexual activityduringmasturbationor withsex partners.Dildos can be made from a number of materials and shaped like an erecthuman penis.They are typically about theaverage length of an erect penis,4–6 inches (10–15 cm), but some may be longer. A dildo's circumference is typically 4–5 inches (10–13 cm).

Description and uses

General

A dildo is an object usually designed forsexual penetrationof thevagina,mouth, oranus,and is usually solid andphallicin shape. Penisprostheticaids, known as "extensions", are not considered dildos. Some include penis-shaped items clearly designed forvaginal penetration,even if they are not true approximations of a penis. Ananal dildois intended for repeated anal penetration, to be distinguished from abutt plugwhich is flanged with the intent of remaining in place. People of allgendersandsexual orientationsuse these devices formasturbationor othersexual activity.

Mahoganywood dildo
Two women embracing and using carrots as dildoes, 19th century India.

Materials

Phallus-shaped vegetables and fruits, such asbananasorzucchinior other food items, such ashot dogsor other types of sausages, have been used as dildos in a form offood play.Any object of sufficient firmness and shape can be used like a dildo.[1]

Shape

Acrylicdildo shaped like atorpedo

Conventionally, many dildos are shaped like ahuman peniswith varying degrees of detail, while others are made to resemble the phallus of animals. Not all, however, are fashioned to reproduce the male anatomy meticulously, and dildos come in a wide variety of shapes. They may resemble figures, or simply be practical creations which stimulate more easily than conventional designs. InJapan,many dildos are created to resemble animals or cartoon characters, such asHello Kitty,so that they may be sold as conventional toys, thus avoidingobscenity laws.Some dildos have textured surfaces to enhance sexual pleasure, and others havemacrophallicdimensions including over 12 inches (30.5 cm) long.[2]

In 2015 research was published into the average size that a sample of women preferred for their partner's penis. The research used3D-printedplastic penises of various sizes rather than commercially sold dildos. The average result was around 6.3 inches (16 cm) in length and 4.8 inches (12 cm) in girth.[3][4]That said, some women may prefer different sizes than the aforementioned, and the 3D printing of dildos gives the option ofpersonalization(allowing to shape and size the dildo to the exact specific dimension that the user wants). Starting in 2012, 3D models of dildos became available for printing by individuals. The advantage of printing at home was not only personalization but also discretion. This, however, did not take off at that time, in part due to the porosity issue of the materials used (which is mainly a problem if no condom is used over the dildo). Some websites have continued to exist however.[5]Besides printing it at home, it is also possible to print it off at afablab,makerspace,[6]or3D printing marketplace.All of these avoid needing to purchase a personal 3D printer for printing off 3D models.

Uses

"Anal dildo" redirects here. For the vibrating device intended to remain in place for some time, seeanal vibrator.

Most dildos are intended forvaginal or anal penetrationand stimulation, formasturbationon oneself or by asexual partner.Dildos havefetishisticvalue as well, and may be used in other ways, such as touching one's own or another's skin in various places, often duringforeplayor as an act ofdominance and submission.If of appropriate sizes, they can be used asgags,for oral penetration for a sort of artificialfellatio.Dildos, particularly specially designed ones, may be used to stimulate theG-spotarea.

A dildo designed for anal insertion that then remains in place is usually referred to as abutt plug.A dildo intended for repeated anal penetration (thrusting) is typically referred to as an anal dildo or simply "dildo". Anal dildos and butt plugs generally have a large base to avoid accidental complete insertion into therectum,which may require medical removal. Some women usedouble-ended dildos,with different-sized shafts pointing in the same direction, for simultaneous vaginal and anal penetration, or for two partners to share a single dildo. In the latter case, the dildo acts as a sort of "see-saw", where each partner takes an end and receives stimulation.

Some dildos are designed to be worn in a harness, sometimes called astrap-onharness orstrap-on dildo,or to be worn inside the vagina (then calledstrapless dildoor "strapless strap-on dildo"[7][8]), sometimes with externally-attachedvibratingdevices. Strap-on dildos may be double-ended, meant to be worn by users who want to experience vaginal or anal penetration while also penetrating a partner. They may also be used for anally penetrating men. If a female penetrates a male, the act is known aspegging.

Other types of dildos include those designed to be fitted to the face of one party, inflatable dildos, and dildos with suction cups attached to the base (sometimes referred to as a wall mount). Other types of harness mounts for dildos (besides strapping to the groin) include thigh mount, face mount, or furniture mounting straps.

Society and culture

Etymology

The etymology of the worddildowas long considered unclear,[9]but the third edition of theOxford English Dictionaryconcluded in 2018 that the word originates in nonsense syllables common in early-modern popularballads(not dissimilar to the still-familiar nursery rhyme phrase "hey diddle diddle"), which came to be used as a coy euphemism for dildos.[10]The phrase "Dil Doul", referring to a man's penis, appears in the seventeenth-centuryfolk ballad"The Maids Complaint for want of a Dil Doul".[11]The song was among the many in the library ofSamuel Pepys.[12]

Other theories that have previously circulated include that the worddildooriginally referred to the phallus-shaped peg used to lock anoarin position on adory(small boat). It would be inserted into a hole on the side of the boat, and is very similar in shape to the modern toy. The sex toy might take its name from this sailing tool, which also lends its name to the town ofDildoand the nearbyDildo IslandinNewfoundland,Canada.Others suggest the word is acorruptionofItaliandiletto"delight".[13][14]

According to theOED,one of the word's first appearances in English was inThomas Nashe'sThe Choise of Valentinesor the Merie Ballad of Nash his Dildo(c. 1593), in the sentence "Curse Eunuke dilldo, senceless, counterfet, | Who sooth maie fill, but neuer can begett" ('curse dildo, that eunuch, lacking feelings, and counterfeit, who can certainly fill [a vagina], but can never beget [children]').[10]

Terms in other languages

Anolisbos(pl.olisboi) is a classical term for a dildo, from Greekὄλισβος,[15]i.e. a dildo that was usually made of leather.[citation needed]Agodemichéis a dildo in the shape of a penis with scrotum.[citation needed]

In some modern languages, the names fordildocan be more descriptive, creative or subtle—note, for instance, theRussianфаллоимитатор (literally "phallic imitator" ),Bengaliডাল্ডা (dalda),Hindiदर्शिल्दोdarśildō,Spanishconsolador"consoler"[16]andWelshcala goeg"fake penis".

History

Dildos in one form or another have existed widely in history.Artifactsfrom theUpper Paleolithicof a type calledbâton de commandementhave been speculated to have been used for sexual purposes.[17]Few archaeologists consider these items as sex toys, but archaeologistTimothy Taylorput it, "Looking at the size, shape, and—some cases—explicit symbolism of the ice age batons, it seems disingenuous to avoid the most obvious and straightforward interpretation. But it has been avoided."[18][19]

The first dildos were made of stone, tar, wood, bone, ivory, limestone, teeth,[20]and other materials that could be shaped as penises and that were firm enough to be used as penetrative sex toys. Scientists believe that a 20-centimeter siltstonephallusfrom the Upper Palaeolithic period 30,000 years ago, found inHohle FelsCave near Ulm,Germany,may have been used as a dildo.[21]Prehistoric double-headed dildos have been found which date anywhere from 13 to 19,000 years ago. Various paintings from ancient Egypt around 3000 BCE feature dildos being used in a variety of ways. In theMiddle Ages,a plant called the "cantonese groin" was soaked in hot water to enlarge and harden for women to use as dildos.[20]Dildo-likebreadsticks,known asolisbokollikes(sing.olisbokollix),[22]were known in Ancient Greece prior to the 5th century BC.[23]In Italy during the 15th century, dildos were made of leather, wood, or stone.[24]Chinesewomen in the 15th century used dildos made of lacquered wood with textured surfaces, and were sometimes buried with them.[20]Nashe's early-1590s workThe Choise of Valentinesmentions a dildo made from glass.[25]Dildos also appeared in 17th and 18th century Japan, inshunga.In these erotic novels, women are shown enthusiastically buying dildos, some made out of water buffalo horns.[20]

Dildos were not just used for sexual pleasure. Examples from the Eurasia Ice Age (40,000-10,000 BCE) and Roman era are speculated to have been used for defloration rituals. This is not the only example of dildos being used for ritual ceremonies, as people in 4000 BCE Pakistan used them to worship the godShiva.[20]

Many references to dildos exist in thehistoricalandethnographicliterature. Haberlandt,[26]for example, illustrates single anddouble-ended wooden dildosfrom late 19th centuryZanzibar.With the invention of modern materials, making dildos of different shapes, sizes, colors and textures became more practical.[27]

Ancient Greece

A woman with a dildo.Red figureamphora attributed to theFlying-Angel Painterc. 490 BC;City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts

Dildos may be seen in some examples ofancient Greek vase art.Some pieces show their use in group sex or in solitary female masturbation.[28]One vessel, of about the sixth century BCE, depicts a scene in which a woman bends over to performoral sexon a man, while another man is about to thrust a dildo into heranus.[29]

They are mentioned several times inAristophanes' comedy of 411 BCE,Lysistrata.

LYSISTRATA
And so, girls, when fucking time comes… not the faintest whiff of it anywhere, right? From the time those Milesians betrayed us, we can't even find our eight-fingered leather dildos. At least they'd serve as a sort of flesh-replacement for our poor cunts… So, then! Would you like me to find some mechanism by which we could end this war?[30]

Herodas' short comic play,Mime VI,written in the 3rd century BCE, is about a woman called Metro, anxious to discover from a friend where she recently acquired a dildo.

METRO
I beg you, don't lie,
dear Corrioto: who was the man who stitched for you this bright red dildo?[31]

She eventually discovers the maker to be a man called Kerdon, who hides his trade by the front of being a cobbler, and leaves to seek him out. Metro and Kerdon are main characters in the next play in the sequence,Mime VII,when she visits his shop.

Page duBois, a classicist and feminist theorist, suggests that dildos were present in Greek art because the ancient Greek male imagination found it difficult to conceive of sex taking place without penetration. Therefore, female masturbation or sex between women required an artificial phallus to be used.[28]Greek dildos were often made out of leather stuffed with wool in order to give it varying degrees of thickness and firmness. They were often lubricated with olive oil, and used for sexual practice and other activities. The Greeks were also one of the first groups to use the term "toy" in reference to a dildo.[20]

Talmud

The Talmud'sAvodah ZarahTractate[32]records the interpretation whichRav Yosef bar Hiyyagave to the Biblical reference of KingAsa of Judahhaving "(...) deposed his grandmotherMaakahfrom her position as Queen Mother, because she had made a repulsive image for the worship ofAsherah.Asa cut it down and burned it in theKidron Valley".[33]According to Rav Yosef, Maakah had installed "a kind of male organ" on her Asherah image "in order to fulfill her desire", and was "mating with it every day". Rav Yosef's words are quoted byRashiin his own interpretation of 2 Chronicles 15:16. Whether or not Rav Yosef was right in attributing this practice to the Biblical Queen, his speaking of it indicates that Jews in 3rd CenturyMesopotamiawere familiar with such devices.

Early modern period

In the early 1590s, the English playwrightThomas Nashewrote a poem known asThe Choise of Valentines,Nashe's DildoorThe Merrie Ballad of Nashe his Dildo.This was not printed at the time, due to its obscenity[34]but it was still widely circulated and made Nashe's name notorious.[25]The poem describes a visit to a brothel by a man called Tomalin; he is searching for his sweetheart, Francis, who has become a prostitute. The only way he can see her is to hire her. However, she resorts to using a glass dildo as he finds himself unable to perform sexually to her satisfaction.[35]

Dildos are humorously mentioned in Act IV, scene iv of Shakespeare'sThe Winter's Tale.This play andBen Jonson's playThe Alchemist(1610) are typically cited as the first use of the word in publication (Nashe'sMerrie Balladwas not published until 1899).[34]

John Wilmot,the seventeenth-century Englishlibertine,published his poemSignor Dildoin 1673. During the Parliamentary session of that year, objections were raised to the proposed marriage ofJames, Duke of York,brother of the King and heir to the throne, toMary of Modena,an Italian Catholic princess. An address was presented toKing Charleson 3 November, foreseeing the dangerous consequences of marriage to a Catholic, and urging him to put a stop to any planned wedding '...to the unspeakable Joy and Comfort of all Your loyal Subjects. "Wilmot's response wasSignior Dildo (You ladies all of merry England)[Note 1],a mock address anticipating the 'solid' advantages of a Catholic marriage, namely the wholesale importation of Italian dildos, to the unspeakable joy and comfort of all the ladies of England:

You ladies all of merry England
Who have been to kiss the Duchess's hand,
Pray, did you not lately observe in the show
A noble Italian called Signor Dildo?...
A rabble of pricks who were welcomed before,
Now finding the porter denied them the door,
Maliciously waited his coming below
And inhumanly fell on Signor Dildo...

This ballad was subsequently added to by other authors, and became so popular thatSignorbecame a term for a dildo.[36]In the epilogue toThe Mistaken Husband(1674), byJohn Dryden,an actress complains:

To act with young boys is loving without men.
What will not poor forsaken women try?
When man's not near, the Signior must supply.[36]

Signor Dildowas set to music byMichael Nymanfor the 2004biopic,The Libertine.

Many other works of bawdy and satirical English literature of the period deal with the subject.Dildoides: A Burlesque Poem(London, 1706), attributed toSamuel Butler,is a mock lament to a collection of dildos that had been seized and publicly burnt by the authorities. Examples of anonymous works includeThe Bauble, a tale(London, 1721) andMonsieur Thing's Origin: or Seignor D---o's Adventures in London,(London, 1722).[37]In 1746,Henry FieldingwroteThe Female Husband: or the surprising history of Mrs Mary, alias Mr. George Hamilton,in which a woman poses as a man uses a dildo. This was a fictionalized account of the story ofMary Hamilton.[38]The 1748 chapbookA Spy on Mother Midnightdepicts an innocent country girl who travels with a dildo and a copy of Rochester's dildo poem in her luggage.[39]

The collection of theScience Museum, Londonincludes several dildos made from wood, cloth or ivory,[40][41][42]including one ivory example possibly made in France in the 18th century.[43]

20th century

Dildo being used by two women.LithographfromDe Figuris Veneris(1906) byÉdouard-Henri Avril

Dildos are obliquely referred to inSaul Bellow's novelThe Adventures of Augie March(1953): "....he had brought me along to a bachelor's stag where two naked acrobatic girls did stunts with false tools".[44]A dildo calledSteely Dan III from Yokohamaappears in theWilliam S. BurroughsnovelThe Naked Lunch(1959).[45][46]The rock bandSteely Dantook their name from it.

21st century

In 2017,dark webprivacy researcherSarah Jamie Lewisconnected a vibrator (usingreverse engineering) toTor,the anonymity network, in aproof of conceptdemonstrating the applicability of privacy technology after the fact.[47]

The possession and sale of dildos is illegal in some jurisdictions, such asIndia.[48]Until recently, manysouthern statesand someGreat Plainsstates in the United States banned the sale of dildos completely, either directly or through laws regulating "obscene devices".[49]In 2007, a federal appeals court upheld Alabama's law prohibiting the sale of sex toys.[50]The law, theAnti-Obscenity Enforcement Actof 1998, was also upheld by theSupreme Court of Alabamaon September 11, 2009.[51]There are even instances where dildos have been seized and burned at customs.[20]

In February 2008, a United States federal appeals court overturned aTexasstatute banning the sales of dildos and other sexual toys, deeming such a statute as violating the Constitution's 14th Amendment on the right to privacy.[52]The appeals court citedLawrence v. Texas,where theSupreme Court of the United Statesin 2003 struck down bans on consensual sex between gay couples, as unconstitutionally aiming at "enforcing a public moral code by restricting private intimate conduct." Similar statutes have been struck down inKansasandColorado.Alabama is the only state where a law prohibiting the sale of sex toys remains on the books.[53]

SomeConservativeChristiansbelieve that the use of sex toys is immoral. TheSouthern Baptistpreacher Dan Ireland has been an outspoken critic of such devices and has fought to ban them on religious and ethical grounds.[51]Ireland led an effort to outlaw dildos and other sex toys in Alabama to "...protect the public against themselves."[54]Other Christian religious leaders such asEvangelical Lutheran Church of Americapastor Heidi Johnson, who founded a student group on sexuality atDuke Divinity School,have a positive view of sex toys in Christian sexuality.[55]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Archived2003-10-15 at theWayback Machine

References

  1. ^"11 Things You Should Never, EVER Put Inside Your Vagina".10 August 2015.
  2. ^Kendall, Christopher (2001).Gay male pornography: an issue of sex discrimination.p. 386.
  3. ^Prause, Nicole; Park, Jaymie; Leung, Shannon; Miller, Geoffrey (September 2, 2015)."Women's Preferences for Penis Size: A New Research Method Using Selection among 3D Models".PLOS ONE.10(9): e0133079.Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1033079P.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133079.PMC4558040.PMID26332467.
  4. ^Halterman, T. E. (September 3, 2015)."Men Are from Mars: Women Select the Ideal (3D Printed) Penis".3DPrint.
  5. ^Molitch-Hou, Michael (January 7, 2020)."Where Are They Now: 3D-Printed Sex Toys".3DPrint.
  6. ^Locker, Anatol (31 January 2015)."What Wikipedia doesn't tell you about 3D printing".
  7. ^Skyler, Jenni."How Do Strapless Strap Ons Work?".Adam & Eve.
  8. ^"How To Use A Strapless Dildo".Sex Toys UK.
  9. ^"dildo".OED Online(2nd ed.). Oxford:Oxford University Press.1989. Archived fromthe originalon 8 July 2012.Retrieved21 April2009..
  10. ^ab"dildo, int. and n.1.",OED Online,3rd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). Accessed 29 May 2019.
  11. ^"The Maids Complaint / For want of a Dil doul".Samuel PepysLibrary.Magdalene College.The Maids Complaint / For want of a Dil doul. / This Girl long time had in a sickness been, / Which many maids do call the sickness green: / I wish she may some comfort find poor Soul / And have her belly fill'd with a Dil doul.
  12. ^Mirabella, Bella (2011).Ornamentalism: The Art of Renaissance Accessories.University of Michigan Press. p. 140.ISBN9780472051175.
  13. ^"dildo".Online Etymology Dictionary.
  14. ^"Sex Aids".Encyclopedia.Archived fromthe originalon 9 December 2018.
  15. ^ὄλισβος.Liddell, Henry George;Scott, Robert;A Greek–English Lexiconat thePerseus Project
  16. ^Burke, David (1998).Street Spanish 3: The Best of Naughty Spanish.Trade Paper Press. p. 105.ISBN978-0471179726.
  17. ^Marshack, A. 1972 The Roots of CivilizationMcGraw-Hill New York:333
  18. ^Taylor, T. 1996.The Prehistory of Sex.New York: Bantam. p. 128.
  19. ^Paul L. Vasey,Intimate Sexual Relations in Prehistory: Lessons from the Japanese Macaques.World Archaeology, Vol. 29, No. 3, Intimate Relations (Feb., 1998), pp. 407-425
  20. ^abcdefgLieberman, Hallie (2017).Buzz: The Stimulating History of the Sex Toy.Pegasus Books.
  21. ^Amos, Jonathan (2005-07-25)."Ancient phallus unearthed in cave".BBC News.Retrieved2010-05-01.
  22. ^ὀλισβοκόλλιξ.Liddell, Henry George;Scott, Robert;A Greek–English Lexiconat thePerseus Project
  23. ^Belardes, Nick (2009).Random obsessions: trivia you can't live without.San Francisco: Viva Editions. p. 97.ISBN978-1573443609.
  24. ^"The History Of Female Sex Toys: From Early Dildos To Rampant Rabbits".Huffington Post UK.10 February 2014.
  25. ^abHaynes, Alan (1997).Sex in Elizabethan England.Sutton Publishing. p. 140.ISBN0750910712.
  26. ^Haberlandt, M. 1899. "Conträre Sexual-Erscheinungen bei der Neger-Bevölkerung Zanzibars",Zeitschrift für Ethnologie,31: 668–670
  27. ^"More Historical Facts on Sex Toys"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 14 June 2015.Retrieved12 June2015.
  28. ^abduBois, Paige (2003).Slaves and other objects.University of Chicago Press. p. 85.ISBN0-226-16787-9.
  29. ^ Boardman, John(1975).Athenian Red Figure Vases: the Archaic Period.Thames & Hudson. p. 85.ISBN0-500-20143-9.
  30. ^ "Aristophanes' Lysistrata 106–111, Translated by George Theodoridis".2000.Retrieved2008-12-18.
  31. ^Johnson, Marguerite; Ryan, Terry (2005).Sexuality in Greek and Roman society and literature.Routledge. p. 176.ISBN0-674-01379-4.
  32. ^Avodah Zarah 44
  33. ^1 Kings 15:13, 2 Chronicles 15:16
  34. ^abCoulthart, John (Feb 14, 2011)."The Choise of Valentines, Or the Merie Ballad of Nash His Dildo".johncoulthart.RetrievedJuly 10,2011.
  35. ^Linnane, Fergus (2005).Madams - Bawds & Brothel-Keepers of London.The History Press Ltd. p. 16.ISBN0-7509-3306-2.
  36. ^abWilson, John (1976).Court satires of the Restorationd.Ohio State University Press. p. 14.ISBN978-0-8142-0249-4.
  37. ^Wagner (1987), p.53
  38. ^Wagner (1987), p.54
  39. ^Park, Julie (2020)."Writing with Pen and Dildo: Libertine Techniques of Eighteenth-Century Narrative".Journal of Narrative Theory.50(1): 5–47.doi:10.1353/jnt.2020.0002.ISSN1548-9248.
  40. ^"Ridged Ivory Dildo".collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk.Science Museum Group Collection.Retrieved2024-02-22.
  41. ^"Wooden Dildo".collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk.Science Museum Group Collection.Retrieved2024-02-22.
  42. ^"Cloth-covered dildo".collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk.Science Museum Group Collection.Retrieved2024-02-22.
  43. ^"Ivory dildo, possibly French, 1701-1800".collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk.Science Museum Group Collection.Retrieved2024-02-04.
  44. ^Bellow, Saul The Adventures of Augie March New York: Penguin, 1953, 2001. p. 252
  45. ^"The Return of Steely Dan".Mojo Magazine.October 1995.RetrievedDecember 15,2006.
  46. ^"Official Steely Dan FAQ".Archived fromthe originalon January 27, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 18,2007.
  47. ^Cox, Joseph (2017-08-07)."We Anonymously Controlled a Dildo Through the Tor Network".Motherboard.Retrieved2017-08-09.
  48. ^Sethi, Atul (2008-11-26)."Palika a haven for adult toys".The Times of India.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-09-28.Retrieved2008-10-06.
  49. ^"Lingere Store Accused of Violating State Obscenity Laws".KBCD. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-11-19.Retrieved2007-09-28.
  50. ^Rawls, Phillip.Court leaves Ala. sex toy ban intactArchived2015-01-02 at theWayback Machine,USA Today, Oct 1, 2007
  51. ^ab"Alabama's Bad Vibrations".Huffington Post.17 Nov 2011.
  52. ^"Appeals court overturns Texas ban on sex toys".NBC News.14 February 2008.Retrieved2008-02-14.
  53. ^"Alabama Code Title 13A. Criminal Code § 13A-12-200.2".Findlaw.1 January 2019.
  54. ^editorial board (23 January 2008)."State should scrap pointless law".Tuscaloosa News.Retrieved28 March2018.
  55. ^Weiss, Suzannah (19 June 2017)."Pussy Pastor Heidi Johnson Joins Sex and Christianity".Elle.Retrieved28 July2017.

Bibliography

  • Haberlandt, M. 1899. "Conträre Sexual-Erscheinungen bei der Neger-Bevölkerung Zanzibars",Zeitschrift für Ethnologie,31: 668–670.
  • Marshack, A.1972.The Roots of Civilization: The Cognitive Beginnings of Man's First Art, Symbol and Notation..New York:McGraw-Hill.ISBN0-297-99449-2.
  • Taylor, T. 1996.The Prehistory of Sex: Four Million Years of Human Sexual Culture.New York: Bantam.ISBN0-553-09694-X.
  • Vasey, PL. 1998. "Intimate Sexual Relations in Prehistory: Lessons from Japanese Macaques",World Archaeology29(03):407–425.
  • Wagner, Peter (1987). "Chapter 2: The discourse on sex - or sex as discourse: eighteenth-century medical and paramedical erotica". In Porter, Roy; Sebastian Rousseau, George (eds.).Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment.Manchester University Press.ISBN0719019613.
  • Media related toDildosat Wikimedia Commons
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