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Django Unchained
Theatrical release poster
Directed byQuentin Tarantino
Written byQuentin Tarantino
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyRobert Richardson
Edited byFred Raskin
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • December 11, 2012(2012-12-11)(Ziegfeld Theatre)
  • December 25, 2012(2012-12-25)(United States)
Running time
165 minutes[4]
CountryUnited States[1]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$100 million[3]
Box office$426 million[3]

Django Unchainedis a 2012 Americanrevisionist Western[5]film written and directed byQuentin Tarantino,starringJamie Foxx,Christoph Waltz,Leonardo DiCaprio,Kerry Washington,andSamuel L. Jackson,withWalton Goggins,Dennis Christopher,James Remar,Michael Parks,andDon Johnsonin supporting roles.

Set in theAntebellum SouthandOld West,it is a highly stylized, revisionist tribute tospaghetti Westerns.Its title refers particularly to the 1966 Italian filmDjangobySergio Corbucci(that film's star,Franco Nero,has acameo appearancein Tarantino's). The story follows a slave who trains under a Germanbounty hunterwith the ultimate goal of reuniting with his wife.

Development ofDjango Unchainedbegan in 2007 when Tarantino was writing a book on Corbucci. By April 2011, Tarantino sent his final draft of the script toThe Weinstein Company(TWC). Casting began in the summer of 2011, withMichael K. WilliamsandWill Smithbeing considered for the role of the title character before Foxx was cast. Principal photography took place from November 2011 to March 2012 in California, Wyoming, and Louisiana.

The premiere ofDjango Unchainedtook place at theZiegfeld Theatrein New York City on December 11, 2012, and was theatrically released on December 25, 2012, in the United States. It grossed $426 million worldwide against its budget of $100 million, becoming Tarantino's highest-grossing movie to-date.

The film received acclaim from critics, mainly for Waltz's performance and Tarantino's direction and screenplay. The film's extensive graphic violence and frequent use of racial slurs were controversial. The film received numerousawards and nominations,winning two out of five nominations at the85th Academy Awards.Waltz won several awards for his performance, among themBest Supporting Actor at the Academy Awards,Golden GlobesandBAFTAs.For his screenplay, Tarantino won anAcademy Award,aGolden Globe,and aBAFTA.

Plot

[edit]

In 1858Texas,brothers Ace and Dicky Speck drive a group of shackled blackslaves.Among them is Django, sold off and separated from his wife Broomhilda von Shaft, ahouse slavewho speaksGermanand English. They are stopped by Dr. King Schultz, a Germandentist-turned-bounty hunterseeking to buy Django for his knowledge of the three outlaw Brittle brothers. They were overseers at theplantationof Django's previous owner and Schultz has awarrantfor their arrests.

Ace refuses to sell Django to Schultz and threatens him. Schultz kills Ace and shoots Dicky's horse to pin him to the ground. He encourages the freed slaves to take revenge, and they shoot Dicky to death. Schultz offers Django his freedom and $75 in exchange for help tracking down the Brittles.

Django and Schultz kill the Brittle brothers at Spencer "Big Daddy" Bennett'sTennesseeplantation. In turn, Bennett pursues them with an armedposse.Schultz ambushes the posse with explosives, and Django kills Bennett. Feeling responsible for Django, Schultz agrees to help him find and rescue Broomhilda, and Schultz trains Django to become a bounty hunter. They return to Texas, where Django collects his first bounty, keeping thehandbillas a memento and for good luck. He and Schultz rack up several bounties before spring when they travel toMississippiand learn that Broomhilda's new owner is Calvin J. Candie, owner of the "Candyland" plantation. There, he forces male slaves to wrestle to the death in brutal "Mandingo"fights.

Schultz and Django hatch a plan: deciding that Candie will refuse to sell Broomhilda if they try to buy her upfront, they will instead offer$12,000(equivalent to $423,000 in 2023) for one of his best fighters as a pretext to acquire Broomhilda for a nominal sum. They intend to leave the plantation with Broomhilda under the pretense of returning with the purchase money for a fighter. They meet Candie at his gentlemen's club and make the offer. Intrigued, Candie invites them to Candyland. En route, the group encounters Candie'sslave trackers,who have cornered D'Artagnan, an escaped Mandingo fighter. Django is forced to intervene when Schultz attempts to buy D'Artagnan to save him. Candie has the trackers' guard dogs maul D'Artagnan to death, visibly upsetting Schultz.

Having told Broomhilda of their plan, Schultz offers to buy her as his escort while negotiating the initial Mandingo deal during dinner. Candie's loyalhouse slaveStephen is suspicious after realizing that Broomhilda and Django know each other. He deduces their plan and alerts Candie.

Enraged, Candie tells Schultz at gunpoint that he won't sell Broomhilda for less than $12,000; Schultz reluctantly agrees. Candie threatens to kill Broomhilda if Schultz does notshake his handto seal the deal. Having had enough of Candie's arrogance, Schultz shoots and kills Candie. Butch Pooch, Candie's bodyguard, kills Schultz, and Django kills Pooch, Candie's lawyer Leonide Moguy, and many of Candie's henchmen in a prolonged gunfight. He is forced to surrender when Broomhilda is takenhostage.

The next morning, the chained Django is tortured and about to becastratedby overseer Billy Crash when Stephen arrives, informing him that Candie's sister Lara, who has taken charge of the plantation, has ordered him to be sold to a mining company and worked to death. En route to the mines along with other slaves, Django devises an escape plan. He uses his first handbill to prove to his escorts that he is a bounty hunter. He claims that the men on the handbill are at Candyland, and promises the escorts a share of the reward money. Once released and handed a gun, Django immediately kills his escorts, retrieves his clothes and weapons, and returns to Candyland withdynamite.

Recovering Broomhilda's freedom papers from Schultz's corpse, Django bids his deceased mentor goodbye and avenges him and D'Artagnan by killing the trackers. He frees Broomhilda just as Candie's mourners return from his burial. At the mansion, Django kills Lara, Crash, and the remaining henchmen, releases the two remaining house slaves, andkneecapsStephen before igniting the dynamite he had planted throughout the mansion, leaving him for dead. Django and Broomhilda watch from a distance as the mansion explodes before riding off together.

Cast

[edit]
Clockwise from top left:Jamie Foxx,Christoph Waltz,Samuel L. Jackson,andKerry Washington,in Paris at the film's French premiere, January 2013.

Other roles include:James Russoas Dicky Speck, brother of Ace Speck and erstwhile owner of Django;Tom Wopat,Omar J. Dorsey,andDon StroudplayU.S. MarshalGill Tatum, Chicken Charlie, and as Sheriff Bill Sharp / Willard Peck respectively;Bruce Dernappears as Old Man Carrucan, the owner of the Carrucan Plantation;M. C. Gainey,Cooper Huckabee,and Doc Duhame portray brothers Big John Brittle, Roger "Lil Raj" Brittle, and Ellis Brittle respectively, overseers of both Carrucan and Big Daddy's plantations.

Jonah Hillplays Bag Head #2, a member of Bennett's maskedwhite supremacistgroup. Additional roles includeLee Horsleyas Sheriff Gus,Rex Linnas Tennessee Harry,Misty Uphamas Minnie, andDanièle Wattsas Coco.Russ Tamblynand his daughterAmberappear as townspeople in Daugherty, Texas; their roles are respectively credited as "Son of a Gunfighter"and" Daughter of Son of a Gunfighter ".Zoë Bell,Michael Bowen,Robert Carradine,Jake Garber,Ted Neeley,James Parks,andTom Saviniplay Candyland trackers.Jacky Ido,who played Marcel in Tarantino's 2009 filmInglourious Basterds,makes an uncredited appearance as a slave.Michael Parksas Roy andJohn Jarrattas Floyd, alongside Tarantino himself in acameo appearanceas Frankie, play the LeQuint Dickey Mining Company employees. Tarantino also appears in the film as a masked Bag Head named Robert.[citation needed]

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]
Writer-director Quentin Tarantino in Paris at the film's French premiere, January 2013

In 2007, Quentin Tarantino discussed an idea for a type ofSpaghetti Westernset in the United States' pre-Civil WarDeep South.He called this type of film "a Southern", stating that he wanted:

"...to do movies that deal with America's horrible past with slavery and stuff but do them like Spaghetti Westerns, not like big issue movies. I want to do them like they're genre films, but they deal with everything that America has never dealt with because it's ashamed of it, and other countries don't really deal with because they don't feel they have the right to."[6]

Tarantino later explained the genesis of the idea:

I was writing a book aboutSergio Corbucciwhen I came up with a way to tell the story.... I was writing about how his movies have this evil Wild West, a horrible Wild West. It was surreal, it dealt a lot withfascism.So I'm writing this whole piece on this, and I'm thinking: 'I don't really know if Sergio was thinking [this] while he was doing this. But I know I'm thinking about it now. And I can do it!' [7]

Tarantino finished the script on April 26, 2011, and handed in the final draft toThe Weinstein Company.[8]In October 2012, frequent Tarantino collaboratorRZAsaid that he and Tarantino had intended tocross overDjango Unchainedwith RZA's Tarantino-presented martial-arts filmThe Man with the Iron Fists.The crossover would have seen a younger version of the blacksmith character from RZA's film appear as a slave in an auction. However, scheduling conflicts prevented RZA's participation.[9]

One inspiration for the film is Corbucci's 1966 Spaghetti WesternDjango,whose starFranco Nerohas acameo appearanceinDjango Unchained.[10]Another inspiration is the 1975 filmMandingo,about a slave trained to fight other slaves.[11]Tarantino included scenes in the snow as a homage to the 1968 filmThe Great Silence.[12]"Silenziotakes place in the snow. I liked the action in the snow so much,Django Unchainedhas a big snow section in the middle, "Tarantino said in an interview.[12]Tarantino credits the character and attitude of the German dentist turned bounty hunter King Schultz to the GermanKarl MayWild West films of the 1960s, namely their heroOld Shatterhand.[13]

The titleDjango Unchainedalludes to the titles of the 1966 Corbucci filmDjango;Hercules Unchained,the American title for the 1959 Italian epic fantasy filmErcole e la regina di Lidia,about the mythical hero's escape from enslavement to a wicked master; and toAngel Unchained,the 1970 American biker film about a biker exacting revenge on a large group ofrednecks.[14][15]

Casting

[edit]

Among those considered for the title role of Django,Michael K. WilliamsandWill Smithwere mentioned as possibilities, but in the endJamie Foxxwas cast in the role.[16][17]Smith later said he turned down the role because it "wasn't the lead" and was "not for me," but stated he thought the movie was brilliant.[18]Tyrese Gibsonsent in an audition tape as the character.[19]Franco Nero,the original Django from the1966 Italian film,was rumored for the role of Calvin Candie,[20]but instead was given a cameo appearance as a minor character. Nero suggested that he play a mysterious horseman who haunts Django in visions and is revealed in an ending flashback to be Django's father; Tarantino opted not to use the idea.[21][22]Kevin Costnerwas in negotiations to join as Ace Woody,[23]a Mandingo trainer and Candie's right-hand man, but Costner dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.[24]Kurt Russellwas cast instead[25]but also later left the role.[26]When Kurt Russell dropped out, the role of Ace Woody was not recast; instead, the character was merged withWalton Goggins's character, Billy Crash.[27]

Jonah Hillwas offered the role of Scotty Harmony, a gambler who loses Broomhilda to Candie in a poker game,[28]but turned it down due to scheduling conflicts withThe Watch.[29][30]Sacha Baron Cohenwas also offered the role, but declined in order to appear inLes Misérables.Neither Scotty nor the poker game appear in the final cut of the film.[28]Hill later appeared in the film in a different role.[31]Joseph Gordon-Levittsaid that he "would have loved, loved to have" been in the film but would be unable to appear because of a prior commitment to direct his first film,Don Jon.[32]

Costume design

[edit]
Django's valet costume was inspired byThomas Gainsborough's oil painting,The Blue Boy(c. 1770).

In a January 2013 interview withVanity Fair,costume designerSharen Davissaid much of the film's wardrobe was inspired by spaghetti Westerns and other works of art. For Django's wardrobe, Davis and Tarantino watched the television seriesBonanzaand referred to it frequently. The pair even hired the hatmaker who designed the hat worn by theBonanzacharacter Little Joe, played byMichael Landon.Davis described Django's look as a "rock-n-roll take on the character". Django's sunglasses were inspired byCharles Bronson's character inThe White Buffalo(1977). Davis usedThomas Gainsboroughoil paintingThe Blue Boy(c. 1770) as a reference for Django's valet outfit.[33]

In the final scene, Broomhilda wears a dress similar to that ofIda Galli's character inBlood for a Silver Dollar(1965). Davis said the idea of Calvin Candie's costume came partly fromRhett Butler,and that Don Johnson's signatureMiami Vicelook inspired Big Daddy's cream-colored linen suit in the film. King Schultz's faux chinchilla coat was inspired byTelly SavalasinKojak.Davis also revealed that many of her costume ideas did not make the final cut of the film, leaving some unexplained characters such as Zoë Bell's tracker, who was intended to drop her bandana to reveal an absent jaw.[34]

Filming

[edit]

Principal photographyforDjango Unchainedstarted in California in November 2011[35]continuing in Wyoming in February 2012[36]and at the National Historic LandmarkEvergreen PlantationinWallace, Louisiana,outside ofNew Orleans,in March 2012.[37]The film was shot in theanamorphic formaton35 mm film.[38]Although originally scripted, a sub-plot centering on Zoë Bell's masked tracker was cut, and remained unfilmed, due to time constraints.[39]After 130 shooting days, the film wrapped up principal photography in July 2012.[40]Kerry Washingtonsought to bring authenticity to her performance in several ways. The actor playing her overseer used a fake whip, but Washington insisted the lashings really hit her back. And to dramatize her punishment inside an underground, coffin-size metal container, she and Tarantino agreed she would spend time barely clothed in the "hot box" before the filming began so the feeling of confinement would be as realistic as possible.[41]

Django Unchainedwas the first Tarantino film not edited bySally Menke,who died in 2010. Editing duties were instead handled byFred Raskin,who had worked as an assistant editor on Tarantino'sKill Bill.[42]Raskin was nominated for aBAFTA Award for Best Editingbut lost toWilliam Goldenbergfor his work onArgo.

Broken glass incident

[edit]

During the scene when DiCaprio's character explainsphrenology,DiCaprio cut his left hand upon striking the table and smashing a small glass. Despite his hand profusely bleeding, DiCaprio barely reacted and remained in character under the astonished eyes of his fellow actors. He is seen taking out pieces of broken glass from his hand during the scene. After Tarantino's cut, there was a standing ovation by the other actors to praise DiCaprio's performance despite the incident;[43]Tarantino, therefore, decided to keep this sequence in the final cut. DiCaprio is seen with his left hand bandaged in the scene after when he is signing Broomhilda's papers. Contrary to popular belief, DiCaprio wiped fake blood on Washington's face in a separate take.[44]

Music

[edit]
Main article:Django Unchained (soundtrack)

The film features both original and existing music tracks. Tracks composed specifically for the film include "100 Black Coffins" byRick Rossand produced by and featuring Jamie Foxx, "Who Did That To You?" byJohn Legend,"Ancora Qui" byEnnio MorriconeandElisa,and "Freedom" byAnthony HamiltonandElayna Boynton.[45]The theme, "Django", was also the theme song of the 1966 film.[46]

MusicianFrank Oceanwrote an original song for the film's soundtrack, but it was rejected by Tarantino, who explained that "Ocean wrote a fantastic ballad that was truly lovely and poetic in every way, but there just wasn't a scene for it."[47]Ocean later published the song, entitled "Wiseman",on hisTumblrblog. The film also features a few famous pieces ofwestern classical music,includingBeethoven's "Für Elise"and" Dies Irae "fromVerdi's Requiem.Tarantino has stated that he avoids using full scores of original music: "I just don't like the idea of giving that much power to anybody on one of my movies."[48][49]The film's soundtrack album was released on December 18, 2012.[45]

Morricone made statements criticizing Tarantino's use of his music inDjango Unchainedand stated that he would "never work" with the director after this film,[50]but later agreed to compose an original film score for Tarantino'sThe Hateful Eightin 2015. In a scholarly essay on the film's music,Hollis Robbinsnotes that the vast majority of film music borrowings comes from films made between 1966 and 1974 and argues that the political and musical resonances of these allusions situateDjango Unchainedsquarely in the Vietnam and Watergate era, during the rise and decline of Black Power cinema.[51]Jim Croce's hit "I Got a Name"was featured in the soundtrack.

Release

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Marketing

[edit]

The first teaser poster was inspired by a fan-art poster by Italian artist Federico Mancosu. His artwork was published in May 2011, a few days after the synopsis and the official title were released to the public. In August 2011, at Tarantino's request, the production companies bought the concept artwork from Mancosu to use for promotional purposes as well as on the crew passes and clothing for staff during filming.[52]

Theatrical run

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Django Unchainedwas released on December 25, 2012, in the United States byThe Weinstein Companyand released on January 18, 2013, bySony Pictures Releasingin the United Kingdom.[53][54]The film was screened for the first time at theDirectors Guild of Americaon December 1, 2012, with additional screening events having been held for critics leading up to the film's wide release.[55]The premiere ofDjango Unchainedwas delayed by one week followingthe shootingat an elementary school inNewtown, Connecticut,on December 14, 2012.[56]

The film was released on March 22, 2013, by Sony Pictures inIndia.[57]In March 2013,Django Unchainedwas announced to be the first Tarantino film approved for official distribution inChina'sstrictly controlledfilm market.[58]Lily Kuo, writing forQuartz,wrote that "the film depicts one of America's darker periods, when slavery was legal, which Chinese officials like to use to push back against criticism from the United States".[59]The film was released in China on May 12, 2013.[60]

Home media

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The film was released onDVD,Blu-ray,and digital download on April 16, 2013.[61]In the United States, the film has grossed $31,939,733 from DVD sales and $30,286,838 from Blu-ray sales, making a total of $62,226,571.[62]

Reception

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Box office

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Django Unchainedgrossed $162.8 million in the United States and Canada and $263.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $426 million, against a production budget of $100 million.[3]As of 2013,Django Unchainedis Tarantino's highest-grossing film, surpassing his 2009 filmInglourious Basterds,which grossed $321.4 million worldwide.[63]

In North America, the film made $15 million on Christmas Day, finishing second behind fellow openerLes Misérables.[64]It was the third-biggest opening day figure for a film on Christmas, followingSherlock Holmes($24.6 million) andLes Misérables($18.1 million).[65]It went on to make $30.1 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $63.4 million), finishing second behind holdoverThe Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey.[66]

Critical response

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Onreview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes,the film holds an approval rating of 87% based on 291 reviews, and an average rating of 8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Bold, bloody, and stylistically daring,Django Unchainedis another incendiary masterpiece from Quentin Tarantino. "[67]Metacritic,which assigns a rating to reviews, gives the film a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[68]Audiences polled byCinemaScoregave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[69]

Roger Ebertof theChicago Sun-Timesgave the film four stars out of four and said: "The film offers one sensational sequence after another, all set around these two intriguing characters who seem opposites but share pragmatic, financial and personal issues." Ebert also added, "had I not been prevented from seeing it sooner because of an injury, this would have been on my year's best films list."[70]Peter Bradshaw,film critic forThe Guardian,awarded the film five stars, writing: "I can only sayDjangodelivers, wholesale, that particular narcotic and delirious pleasure that Tarantino still knows how to confect in the cinema, something to do with the manipulation of surfaces. It's as unwholesome, deplorable and delicious as a forbidden cigarette. "[11]

Writing inThe New York Times,criticA. O. ScottcomparedDjangoto Tarantino's earlierInglourious Basterds:"LikeInglourious Basterds,Django Unchainedis crazily entertaining, brazenly irresponsible and also ethically serious in a way that is entirely consistent with its playfulness. "Designating the film aTimes"critics" pick, Scott saidDjangois "a troubling and important movie about slavery and racism."[71]FilmmakerMichael MoorepraisedDjango,tweeting that the movie "is one of the best film satires ever."[72]Dan Jolin ofEmpiremagazinepraised DiCaprio's performance, saying he "plays [the role of Candie] to hateful perfection: a spiteful, brown-toothed bully, avaricious, vain and prone to flattery", but criticized Foxx as a comparatively weak link whose "soft, musical voice [...] jars against Django's terse deliveries".[73]

To the contrary,Owen Gleiberman,film critic for theEntertainment Weekly,wrote: "Djangoisn't nearly the film thatInglouriouswas. It's less clever, and it doesn't have enough major characters – or enough of Tarantino's trademark structural ingenuity – to earn its two-hour-and-45-minute running time. "[74]In his review for theIndy Week,David Fellerath wrote: "Django Unchainedshows signs that Tarantino did little research beyond repeated viewings of Sergio Corbucci's 1966 spaghetti WesternDjangoand a blaxploitation from 1975 calledBoss Nigger,written by and starringFred Williamson."[75]New Yorker'sAnthony Lanewas "disturbed by their [Tarantino's fans'] yelps of triumphant laughter, at the screening I attended, as a white woman was blown away by Django's guns."[76]

An entire issue of the academic journalSafundiwas devoted toDjango Unchainedin "Django Unchained and the Global Western,"featuring scholars who contextualize Tarantino's film as a classic" Western ".[77]Dana Phillips writes: "Tarantino's film is immensely entertaining, not despite but because it is so very audacious—even, at times, downright lurid, thanks to its treatment of slavery, race relations, and that staple of the Western, violence. No doubt these are matters that another director would have handled more delicately, and with less stylistic excess, than Tarantino, who has never been bashful. Another director also would have been less willing to proclaim his film the first in a new genre, the 'Southern'."[78]

Top ten lists

[edit]

Django Unchainedwas listed on many critics' top ten lists of 2012.[79]

Accolades

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Main article:List of accolades received by Django Unchained

Django Unchainedgarnered several awards and nominations. TheAmerican Film Institutenamed it one of its Top Ten Movies of the Year in December 2012.[80]The film received fiveGolden Globe Awardnominations, includingBest Picture,andBest DirectorandBest Screenplayfor Tarantino. Tarantino won anAcademy Award for Best Original Screenplay.[81][82]Christoph Waltz received theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actor,theGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor,and theBAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor,his second time receiving all three awards, having previously won for his role in Tarantino'sInglourious Basterds.[83][84][85]TheNAACP Image Awardsgave the film four nominations, while theNational Board of Reviewnamed DiCaprio theirBest Supporting Actor.[86][87]Django Unchainedearned a nomination forBest Theatrical Motion Picturefrom theProducers Guild of America.[88]

Criticism

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Use of racial slurs and portrayal of slavery

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Some commentators thought that the film's over-usage of the word "nigger"was inappropriate; they objected to that even more than to the extensive violence depicted against the slaves.[89]Other reviewers[90]have defended the usage of the language in the historical context of race and slavery in the United States.[91]

African American filmmakerSpike Lee,in an interview withVibe,said he would not see the film, explaining "All I'm going to say is that it's disrespectful to my ancestors. That's just me... I'm not speaking on behalf of anybody else."[92]Lee later wrote, "American slavery was not aSergio LeoneSpaghetti Western.It was aHolocaust.My ancestors are slaves stolen from Africa. I will honor them. "[93]

Actor and activistJesse Williamshas contrasted accuracy of the racist language used in the film with what he sees as the film's lack of accuracy about the general lives of slaves, too often portrayed as "well-dressed Negresses in flowing gowns, frolicking on swings and enjoying leisurely strolls through the grounds, as if the setting is Versailles, mixed in with occasional acts of barbarism against slaves... That authenticity card that Tarantino uses to buy all those 'niggers' has an awfully selective memory."[94]He also criticizes what seems to be a lack of solidarity among slave characters, and their general lack of a will to escape from slavery, with Django as the notable exception.[94]

Wesley MorrisofThe Boston Globepraised the realism of the villain Stephen, played bySamuel L. Jackson,comparing him to such black Republicans asClarence ThomasorHerman Cain.[95]

Jackson said that he believed his character to have "the same moral compass as Clarence Thomas does".[96]Jackson defended the extensive use of the word "nigger": "Saying Tarantino said 'nigger' too many times is like complaining they said 'kyke' [sic] too many times in a movie about Nazis. "[97]The review by Jesse Williams notes, however, that these antisemitic terms were not used nearly as frequently in Tarantino's film about Nazis,Inglourious Basterds,as he used "nigger" in Django. He suggested that the Jewish community would not have accepted it.[94]

Writing in theLos Angeles Times,journalist Erin Aubry Kaplan noted the difference between Tarantino'sJackie BrownandDjango Unchained:"It is an institution whose horrors need no exaggerating, yetDjangodoes exactly that, either to enlighten or entertain. A white director slinging around the n-word in a homage to '70sblaxploitationà laJackie Brownis one thing, but the same director turning the savageness of slavery into pulp fiction is quite another. "[98]

While hosting NBC'sSaturday Night Live,Jamie Foxx joked about being excited "to kill all the white people in the movie".[99]Conservative columnistJeff Kuhnerresponded to theSNLskit forThe Washington Times,saying: "Anti-white bigotry has become embedded in our postmodern culture. TakeDjango Unchained.The movie boils down to one central theme: the white man as devil—a moral scourge who must be eradicated like a lethal virus. "[100]

Samuel L. Jackson said toVogue Manthat "Django Unchainedwas a harder and more detailed exploration of what the slavery experience was than12 Years a Slave,but directorSteve McQueenis an artist and since he's respected for making supposedly art films, it's held in higher esteem thanDjango,because that was basically ablaxploitationmovie. "[101]

Violence

[edit]

The film became infamous for its brutality, with some reviews criticizing it for being much too violent.[102]The originally planned premiere ofDjangowas postponed following theSandy Hook school shootingon December 14, 2012.[103]Thomas Frankcriticized the film's use of violence as follows:

Not surprisingly, Quentin Tarantino has lately become the focus for this sort of criticism (about the relationship between the movies and acts of violence). The fact thatDjango Unchainedarrived in theaters right around the time of the Sandy Hook massacre didn't help. Yet he has refused to give an inch in discussing the link between movie violence and real life. Obviously I don't think one has to do with the other. Movies are about make-believe. It's about imagination. Part of the thing is trying to create a realistic experience, but we are faking it. Is it possible that anyone in our cynical world credits a self-servingsophistrylike this? Of course an industry under fire will claim that its hands are clean, just as theNRAhas done – and of course a favorite son, be it Tarantino orLaPierre,can be counted on to make the claim louder than anyone else. But do they really believe that imaginative expression is without consequence?[104]

The Independentsaid the movie was part of "the new sadism in cinema" and added, "There is something disconcerting about sitting in a crowded cinema as an audience guffaws at the latestgarrotingor falls about in hysterics as someone is beheaded or has a limb lopped off ".[105]

Adam SerwerfromMother Jonessaid, "Django,like many Tarantino films, also has been criticized as cartoonishly violent, but it is only so when Django is killing slave owners and overseers. The violence against slaves is always appropriately terrifying. This, if nothing else, putsDjangoin the running for Tarantino's best film, the first one in which he discovers violence as horror rather than just spectacle. When Schultz turns his head away from a slave being torn apart by dogs, Django explains to Calvin Candie—the plantation owner played by Leo DiCaprio—that Schultz just isn't used to Americans. "[106]

"Mandingo" fights

[edit]

Although Tarantino has said about Mandingo fighting, "I was always aware those things existed", there is no definitive historical evidence that slave owners ever stagedgladiator-like fights to the death between male slaves like the fight depicted in the movie.[107][108]HistorianEdna Greene Medfordnotes that there are only undocumented rumors that such fights took place.[109]David Blight,the director ofYale's center for the study of slavery,said it was not a matter of moral or ethical reservations that prevented slave owners from pitting slaves against each other in combat, but rather economic self-interest: slave owners would not have wanted to put their substantial financial investments at risk in gladiatorial battles.[107][108]

The non-historical term "Mandingo" for a fine fighting or breeding slave comes not from Tarantino, but the 1975 filmMandingo,[110]which was itself based on a1957 novelwith the same title.

Historical inaccuracies

[edit]

Writing inThe New Yorker,William Jelani Cobbobserved that Tarantino's occasional historical elasticity sometimes worked to the film's advantage. "There are moments," Cobb wrote, "where this convex history works brilliantly, like when Tarantino depicts theKu Klux Klana decade prior to its actual formation in order to thoroughly ridicule its members' veiled racism. "[111]Tarantino holds that the masked marauders depicted in the film were not the KKK, but a group known as "The Regulators". They were depicted as spiritual forebears of the later post-civil war KKK and not as the actual KKK.[112][113]

On the matter of historical accuracy,Christopher Caldwellwrote in theFinancial Times:"Of course, we must not mistake a feature film for a public television documentary", pointing out that the film should be treated as entertainment, not as a historical account of the period it is set in. "Djangouses slavery the way a pornographic film might use a nurses' convention: as a pretext for what is really meant to entertain us. What is really meant to entertain us inDjangois violence. "[114]Richard Brody, however, wrote inThe New Yorkerthat Tarantino's "vision of slavery's monstrosity is historically accurate.... Tarantino rightly depicts slavery as no mere administrative ownership but a grievous and monstrous infliction of cruelty."[115]

One minor historical inaccuracy in the film is Schultz's hideout gun. The Remington over/under.41 derringer was not introduced until 1865.[citation needed]

Comic book adaptations

[edit]

A comic book adaptation ofDjango Unchainedwas released byDC Comicsin 2013.[116][117]In 2015, a sequelcrossovercomic entitledDjango/Zorrowas released byDynamite Entertainment,co-written by Tarantino andMatt Wagner,the latter being the first comic book sequel to aQuentin Tarantinofilm.[118]

Future

[edit]

Proposed miniseries

[edit]

Tarantino has said in an interview that he has 90 minutes of unused material and considered re-editingDjango Unchainedinto a four-hour, four-night cableminiseries.Tarantino said that breaking the story into four parts would be more satisfying to audiences than a four-hour movie: "... it wouldn't be an endurance test. It would be a miniseries. And people love those."[119]

Potential crossover sequel

[edit]

Tarantino's first attempt at aDjango Unchainedsequel was with the unpublished paperback novel titledDjango in White Hell.However, after Tarantino decided that the tone of the developing story did not fit with the character's morals, he began re-writing it as an original screenplay which later became the director's follow-up film,The Hateful Eight.[120]

In June 2019, Tarantino had pickedJerrod Carmichaelto co-write a film adaptation based on theDjango/Zorrocrossover comic book series.[121]Tarantino andJamie Foxxhave both expressed interest in havingAntonio Banderasreprise his role asZorrofromThe Mask of ZorroandThe Legend of Zorroin the film in addition to Foxx himself reprising his role as Django.[122]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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