Duke of Wellington (title)
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(April 2017) |
Dukedom of Wellington | |
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Creation date | 3 May 1814 |
Created by | The Prince Regent(acting on behalf of his father,King George III) |
Peerage | Peerage of the United Kingdom |
First holder | Arthur Wellesley, 1st Marquess of Wellington |
Present holder | Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke |
Heir apparent | Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington |
Remainder to | the 1st Duke'sheirs maleof the bodylawfully begotten |
Subsidiary titles |
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Seat(s) | |
Motto | Virtutis Fortuna Comes(Fortune favours the brave) |
Duke of Wellingtonis a title in thePeerage of the United Kingdom.The name derived fromWellingtonin Somerset. The title was created in 1814 forArthur Wellesley, 1st Marquess of Wellington(1769–1852; born as The Hon. Arthur Wesley), theAnglo-Irishmilitary commander who is best known for leading the decisive victory withField Marshal von BlücheroverNapoleon's forces atWaterlooinBrabant(nowWalloon Brabant,Belgium). Wellesley later served twice asBritish prime minister.In historical texts, unqualified use of the title typically refers to the 1st Duke.
The first Duke's father,Garret Wesley,had been granted the title ofEarl of Morningtonin 1760. His male-line ancestors were wealthy agricultural and urban landowners in both countries, among the Anglo-IrishProtestant Ascendancy.The dukedom has descended toheirs maleof the body, along with eleven otherhereditary titles.
History
[edit]The titles ofDuke of WellingtonandMarquess Dourowere bestowed upon Arthur Wellesley, 1st Marquess of Wellington, on 3 May 1814 after he returned home a hero following Napoleon's abdication.[2][3]He fought some sixty battles during his military career. He was considered "the conqueror of Napoleon". He stands as one of the finest soldiers that Great Britain and Ireland has ever produced, others being the1st Duke of Marlboroughand the2nd Duke of Argyll.[citation needed]
Following his victory at theBattle of Talavera,Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother,Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington,looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the bookWellington as Military Commanderby Michael Glover, Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At theBattle of Waterlooin 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington. At the time he became Ambassador to France,The London Gazetteof 4 June 1814 refers to him as having that title but suggests that it was granted by warrant on 25 August 1812.
The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Wellington areMarquess of Wellington(1812),Marquess Douro(1814),Earl of Mornington(1760 – but only inherited by the Dukes of Wellington in 1863),Earl of Wellington(1812),Viscount Wellesley(1760 – inherited in 1863),Viscount Wellington(1809),Baron Mornington(1746 – also inherited in 1863), andBaron Douro(1809). The Viscountcy of Wellesley and the Barony and Earldom of Mornington are in thePeerage of Ireland;the rest are in thePeerage of the United Kingdom.
Apart from the British titles, the Dukes of Wellington also hold the titles ofPrince of Waterloo(Prins van Waterloo,1815) of theKingdom of the Netherlands,Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo(Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo,1812) of theKingdom of SpainwithGrandeeship,andDuke of Victoria(Duque da Vitória,1812), with the subsidiary titlesMarquess of Torres Vedras(Marquês de Torres Vedras,1812) andCount of Vimeiro(Conde de Vimeiro,1811) of theKingdom of Portugal.These were granted to the first Duke asvictory titlesfor his distinguished service as victorious commanding general in thePeninsular War(in Spain and Portugal) and at theBattle of Waterloo(in what is nowBelgium).
The family seat isStratfield Saye House,nearBasingstoke,Hampshire.Apsley House,in London, is now owned byEnglish Heritage,although the family retain an apartment there. He also has a large estate outsideGranada,Spain, which was granted to the first duke by Spanish KingFerdinand VIIas a reward for his services in the Peninsular War.
Five Dukes have been createdKnights of the Garter,the most seniorBritishorder of knighthood.
Dukes of Wellington (1814)
[edit]Created by thePrince Regent(on behalf ofGeorge III) | ||||||
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# | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles | |
1 | Arthur Wellesley(born Wesley) (1769–1852) |
1814–1852 | The Hon. Catherine Pakenham | British Army officer and statesman who defeatedNapoleon IatWaterlooandTipu Sultanat theSiege of Seringapatam (1799) | Prince of Waterloo,Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo,Duke of Victoria,Marquess of Wellington, Marquess of Douro, Marquess of Torres Vedras, Earl of Wellington, Count of Vimeiro, Viscount Wellington, Baron Douro | |
2 | Arthur Richard Wellesley (1807–1884) |
1852–1884 | Lady Elizabeth Hay | Son of the preceding | Prince of Waterloo, Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, Duke of Victoria, Marquess of Wellington, Marquess of Douro, Marquess of Torres Vedras, Count of Vimeiro, Earl of Wellington Earl of Mornington, Viscount Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, Baron Douro, Baron Mornington | |
3 | Henry Wellesley (1846–1900) |
1884–1900 | Evelyn Williams | Nephew of the preceding | ||
4 | Arthur Charles Wellesley (1849–1934) |
1900–1934 | Kathleen Williams | Brother of the preceding | ||
5 | Arthur Charles Wellesley (1876–1941) |
1934–1941 | Hon. Lilian Coats | Son of the preceding | ||
6 | Henry Valerian George Wellesley (1912–1943) |
1941–1943 | unmarried | Son of the preceding | ||
7 | Gerald Wellesley (1885–1972) |
1943–1972 | Dorothy Ashton | Uncle of the preceding | ||
8 | Arthur Valerian Wellesley (1915–2014) |
1972–2014 | Diana McConnel | Son of the preceding | ||
9 | Arthur Charles Valerian Wellesley (born 1945) |
2014–present | Princess Antonia of Prussia | Son of the preceding |
Line of succession
[edit]- Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington(1849–1934)
- Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington(1885–1972)
- Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington(1915–2014)
- Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington(b. 1945)
- (1)Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington (b. 1978)
- (2)Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellesley (b. 2010)
- (3)Hon. Alfred Wellesley (b. 2014)
- (4)Lord Frederick Wellesley (b. 1992)
- (1)Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington (b. 1978)
- (5)Lord Richard Wellesley (b. 1949)
- (6)Lord John Wellesley (b. 1954)
- (7)Gerald Wellesley (b. 1981)
- (8)Lord James Wellesley (b. 1956)[4]
- (9)Oliver Wellesley (b. 2005)
- Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington(b. 1945)
- Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington(1915–2014)
- Lord George Wellesley(1889–1967)
- Richard Wellesley (1920–1984)
- John Wellesley (1962–2009)
- (10)Thomas Wellesley (b. 2000)
- John Wellesley (1962–2009)
- Richard Wellesley (1920–1984)
- Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington(1885–1972)
Should the direct male line of succession from the first Duke of Wellington become extinct, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles in the British peerage will become extinct, as will the titles of Prince of Waterloo in the Dutch peerage and the dukedom of the Victory and its subsidiary titles in the Portuguese peerage.
The dukedom of Ciudad Rodrigo in the Spanish peerage, together with its subsidiary titles, will continue to be held in the female line of descendants of the first Duke. The earldom and barony of Mornington, along with the viscountcy of Wellesley, which are all titles in the Irish peerage, will revert to the line of theEarl Cowley,a male-line descendant of a younger brother of the first Duke of Wellington.
Wellington,Victoria,andCiudad Rodrigo,andPrinces of Waterloo | Wellesley family tree: Dukes of|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Colley or Cowley family had come to Ireland fromGlaston,inRutlandabout 1500; SirHenry Colleywas elevated to the Peerage as Lord Glaston byHenry VIII.He married the daughter ofThomas Cusack,Lord Chancellor of Ireland,Catherine Wellesley Cusack (d. 1598) whose grandmother was a Wellesley.[5]Upon the death of his cousinGarret Wesleyand his inheritance of the Estates of Dangan and Mornington, Richard Colley (d. 1758) and his wife Elizabeth Sale (d. 17 June 1738) daughter of John Sale, Registrar of the Diocese of Dublin, on 23 December 1719.[6]adopted the name Wellesley (from both Elizabeth's maternal family side from Catherine Wellesley Cusack her grandmother) and through her Husband's Family, his cousin, Garret Wesley (Wellesley).
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Debrett's Peerage,1968, p. 1140.
- ^"No. 16894".The London Gazette.3 May 1814. p. 936.
- ^Elliott, George (1816).The Life of the Most Noble Arthur, Duke of Wellington.London: J. Cundee. p. xiii–xiv.
- ^Wellesley, Jane(2008).A Journey Through My Family.Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN978-0-297-85231-5.
- ^Burke's Peerage
- ^Cokayne 2000,p. 235.
Works cited
[edit]- Cokayne, G.E. (2000),The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant,vol. IX (new, reprint in 6 volumes ed.), Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, p. 235