List of monarchs of Kashmir
Maharaja/Sultan ofKashmir | |
---|---|
Details | |
Style | Maharaja Sultan Raja |
First monarch | Durlabhavardhana625–662 |
Last monarch | Hari Singh1925–1952 |
Formation | 625 CE |
Abolition | 17 November 1952 |
Residence | Amar Mahal Palace Mubarak Mandi Palace Hari Niwas Palace Akhnoor Fort Pari Mahal Hari Parbat Red Fort Gulab Bhavan Sher Garhi Palace Baghsar Fort |
Appointer | Hereditary |
Pretender(s) | Karan Singh |
This is a list of themonarchs ofKashmirfrom the establishment of theKarkota dynastyaround 625 CE until the cession of parts ofKashmirby theDogra dynastytoPakistanin 1947 and then merging into theIndian Unionin 1952.
Karkota dynasty (625 – 855)
[edit]- List of rulers–[1]
Ruler | Reign | Ascension year |
---|---|---|
Durlabhavardhana(Prajnaditya) | 38 years | 598 CE |
Durlabhaka (Pratapaditya II) | 60 years | 634 CE |
Chandrapida (Vajraditya I) | 8 years, 8 months | 694 CE |
Tarapida (Udayaditya) | 4 years, 24 days | 703 CE |
Muktapida(Lalitaditya I) | 36 years, 7 months, 11 days | 703 CE |
Kuvalayapida | 1 year, 15 days | 739 CE |
Vajraditya II(Bappiyaka / Vappiyaka / Lalitaditya II) | 7 years | 746 CE |
Prithivyapida I | 4 years, 1 month | 750 CE |
Sangramapida I | 7 days | 750 CE |
Jayapida (Vinayaditya); Jajja | 31 years; 3 years | 781 CE |
Lalitapida | 12 years | 793 CE |
Sangramapida II (Prithivyapida II) | 7 years | 805 CE |
Chippatajayapida (Brhspati / Vrihaspati) | 12 years | 812 CE |
Ajitapida | 37 years | 830 CE |
Anangapida | 3 years | 867 CE |
Utpalapida | 2 years | 870 CE |
Utpala dynasty (855 – 1012)
[edit]- List of rulers–
Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|
Avantivarman | 853/855–883 |
Shankaravarman | 883–902 |
Gopalavarman | 902–904 |
Sankata | 904 |
Sugandha | 904–906 |
Partha | 906–921 |
Nirjitavarman | 921–922 |
Chakravarman | 922–933 |
Shuravarman I | 933–934 |
Partha (2nd reign) | 934–935 |
Chakravarman (2nd reign) | 935 |
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) | 935–936 |
Chakravarman (3rd reign) | 936–937 |
Unmattavanti ( "Mad Avanti" ) | 937–939 |
Shuravarman II | 939 |
Yashaskara-deva | 939 |
Varnata | 948 |
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) | 948 |
Parvagupta | 948–950 |
Kshemagupta | 950–958 |
Abhimanyu II | 958–972 |
Nandigupta | 972–973 |
Tribhuvanagupta | 973–975 |
Bhimagupta | 975–980 |
Didda | 980–1009/1012 |
Lohar dynasty (1003 – 1339)
[edit]- List of rulers–[2]
Ruler | Ascension year (CE) |
---|---|
Sangramaraja(Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) | 1003 CE |
Hariraja | 1028 CE |
Ananta-deva | 1028 CE |
Kalasha (Ranaditya II) | 1063 CE |
Utkarsha | 1089 CE |
Harsha | died in 1101 CE |
Uchchala | 1101 CE |
Sussala | unknown |
Jayasimha | 1111 CE |
Paramanuka | 1123 CE |
Vantideva | until 1165 CE |
Vuppadeva | 1172 CE |
Jassaka | 1181 CE |
Jagadeva | 1199 CE |
Rājadeva | 1213 CE |
Samgrāmadeva | 1235 CE |
Laksmandadeva | 1273 CE |
Simhadeva | 1286 CE |
Sūhadeva | 1301 CE |
Rinchan | 1320 C |
Udayanadeva | 1323 CE |
Kota Rani | 1338–1339 CE[2] |
Shah Mir dynasty (1339 – 1561)
[edit]No. | Titular Name | Birth Name | Reign |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh شَمس اُلدِین شَاہ |
Shāh Mīr شَاہ مِیر |
1339 – 1342 |
2 | Jamshīd Shāh جَمشید شَاہ |
Jamshīd جَمشید |
1342 – 1342 |
3 | Alāu'd-Dīn Shāh عَلاؤ اُلدِین شَاہ |
Alī Shēr عَلی شیر |
1343 – 1354 |
4 | Shihābu'd-Dīn Shāh شِہاب اُلدِین شَاہ |
Shīrashāmak شِیراشَامَک |
1354 – 1373 |
5 | Qutbu'd-Dīn Shāh قُتب اُلدِین شَاہ |
Hindāl حِندَال |
1373 – 1389 |
6 | Sikandar Shāh سِکَندَر شَاہ |
Shingara شِنگَرَہ |
1389 – 1412 |
7 | Alī Shāh عَلی شَاہ |
Mīr Khān مِیر خَان |
1412 – 1418 |
8 | Zainu'l-'Ābidīn زین اُلعَابِدِین |
Shāhī Khān شَاہی خَان |
1418 – 1419 |
9 | Alī Shāh عَلی شَاہ |
Mīr Khān مِیر خَان |
1419 – 1420 |
10 | Zainu'l-'Ābidīn زین اُلعَابِدِین |
Shāhī Khān شَاہی خَان |
1420 – 12 May 1470 |
11 | Haider Shāh حیدِر شَاہ |
Hāji Khān حَاجِی خَان |
12 May 1470 – 13 April 1472 |
12 | Hasan Shāh حَسَن شَاہ |
Hasan Khān حَسَن خَان |
13 April 1472 – 19 April 1484 |
13 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
19 April 1484 – 14 October 1486 |
14 | Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ |
Fatēh Khān فَتح خَان |
14 October 1486 – July 1493 |
15 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
July 1493 – 1505 |
16 | Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ |
Fatēh Khān فَتح خَان |
1505 – 1514 |
17 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
1514 – September 1515 |
18 | Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ |
Fatēh Khān فَتح خَان |
September 1515 – August 1517 |
19 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
August 1517 – January 1528 |
20 | Ibrahīm Shāh اِبرَاہِیم شَاہ |
Ibrahīm Khān اِبرَاہِیم خَان |
January 1528 – April 1528 |
21 | Nāzuk Shāh نَازُک شَاہ |
Nādir Shāh نَادِر شَاہ |
April 1528 – June 1530 |
22 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
June 1530 – July 1537 |
23 | Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh II شَمس اُلدِین شَاہ دوم |
Shamsu'd-Dīn شَمس اُلدِین |
July 1537 – 1540 |
24 | Ismaīl Shāh اِسمَاعِیل شَاہ |
Ismaīl Khān اِسمَاعِیل خَان |
1540 – December 1540 |
25 | Nāzuk Shāh نَازُک شَاہ |
Nādir Shāh نَادِر شَاہ |
December 1540 – December 1552 |
26 | Ibrahīm Shāh اِبرَاہِیم شَاہ |
Ibrahīm Khān اِبرَاہِیم خَان |
December 1552 – 1555 |
27 | Ismaīl Shāh اِسمَاعِیل شَاہ |
Ismaīl Khān اِسمَاعِیل خَان |
1555 – 1557 |
28 | Habīb Shāh حَبِیب شَاہ |
Habīb Khān حَبِیب خَان |
1557 – 1561 |
Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[4]
Chak dynasty (1561 – 1579)
[edit]Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign |
---|---|---|
Muḥammad Humāyūn محمد ہمایوں |
Ghazi Shah
غازی شاہ چَک |
1561 – 1563 |
Nasiru'd-Din
ناصرالدین |
Husain Shah
حُسین شاہ چَک |
1563 – 1570 |
Zahīru'd-Din Muhammad Alī
ظہیرالدین محمد علی |
Ali Shah
عَلی شاہ چَک |
1570 – December 1578 |
Nasiru'd-Din Ghazi
ناصرالدین غازی |
Yousuf Shah(1)
یُوسُفْ شاہ چَک |
December 1578 – February 1579 |
Baihaqi dynasty
[edit]Title | Personal Name | Reign |
---|---|---|
Sultan سلطان |
Sayyid Mubarak Baihaqi
سيد مبارک بیهقی |
February 1579 – November 1579 |
Chak dynasty Restored (1579 – 1589)
[edit]Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign |
---|---|---|
Lohar Ghazi
لوہر غازی |
Lohar Khan
لوہر خان چَک |
November 1579 – November 1580 |
Nasiru'd-Din Ghazi
ناصرالدین غازی |
Yousuf Shah(2)
یُوسُفْ شاہ چَک |
November 1580 – 14 February 1586 |
Ismā'īl Shah
اسماعیل شاہ |
Yakub Shah
یَعقوب شاہ چَک |
14 February 1586 – 8 August 1589 |
- Yakub Shah was dethroned on 14 October 1586 by theMughalsbut continued to use the title of theSultan of Kashmirtill 1589.
Mughal Empire (1586 – 1752)
[edit]Portrait | Titular Name | Birth Name | Birth | Reign | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Akbar اکبر |
Abu'l Fath Jalal Ud-Din Muhammad ابوالفتح جلال الدین محمد |
15 October 1542Umerkot, Pakistan | 14 October 1586 – 27 October 1605
(19 years 0 months 13 days) |
27 October 1605 (aged 63)Agra, India |
2 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
Nur Ud-Din Baig Muhammad khan Salim نورالدین بیگ محمد خان سلیم |
31 August 1569Agra, India | 3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627
(21 years 11 months 23 days) |
28 October 1627 (aged 58)Jammu and Kashmir, India |
3 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہان |
Shahab Ud-Din Muhammad Khurram شہاب الدین محمد خرم |
5 January 1592Lahore, Pakistan | 19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658
(30 years 8 months 25 days) |
22 January 1666 (aged 74)Agra, India |
4 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب Alamgir |
Muhi Ud-Din Muhammad محی الدین محمد |
3 November 1618Gujarat, India | 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707
(48 years 7 months 0 days) |
3 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India |
5 | Azam Shah اعظم شاہ |
Qutb Ud-Din Muhammad قطب الدين محمد |
28 June 1653Burhanpur,India | 14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707 | 20 June 1707 (aged 53)Agra,India |
6 | Bahadur Shah بہادر شاہ Shah Alam |
Abul-Nasr Sayyid Qutb-ud-din Mirza Muhammad Muazzam ابوالنصر سید قطب الدین مرزا محمد معظم |
14 October 1643Burhanpur, India | 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712
(4 years, 253 days) |
27 February 1712 (aged 68)Lahore, Pakistan |
7 | Jahandar Shah جہاندار شاہ |
Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan Bahādur معیز الدین بیگ محمد خان بہادر |
9 May 1661 Deccan, India | 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713
(0 years, 350 days) |
12 February 1713 (aged 51)Delhi,India |
8 | Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیر |
Abu'l Muzaffar Muīn-ud-Dīn Muhammad Shāh Farrukhsiyar Alim Akbar Sāni Wālā Shān Pādshāh-i-bahr-u-bar ابوالمظفر معین الدین محمد شاہ فرخ سیار علیم اکبر ثانی والا شان پادشاہ البحر البر Puppet King Under theSayyids of Barha |
20 August 1685Aurangabad, India | 11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719
(6 years, 48 days) |
19 April 1719 (aged 33)Delhi,India |
9 | Rafi ud-Darajat رفیع الدرجات |
Abu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-Bar ابوالبرکات شمس الدین محمد رفیع الدراجات پادشاہ غازی شہنشاہ البحر البر Puppet King Under theSayyids of Barha |
1 December 1699 | 28 February 1719 – 6 June 1719
(0 years, 98 days) |
6 June 1719 (aged 19)Agra, India |
10 | Shah Jahan II شاہ جہان دوم |
Rafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah رفیع الدین محمد رفیع الدولہ Puppet King Under theSayyids of Barha |
5 January 1696 | 6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719
(0 years, 105 days) |
18 September 1719 (aged 23)Agra, India |
11 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah Roshan Akhtar Bahadur Ghazi ناصر الدین محمد شاہ روشن اختر بہادر غازی Puppet King Under theSayyids of Barha |
7 August 1702Ghazni, Afghanistan | 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748
(28 years, 212 days) |
26 April 1748 (aged 45)Delhi,India |
12 | Ahmad Shah Bahadur احمد شاہ بہادر |
Abu-Nasir Mujahid ud-din Muhammad Ahmad Shah Bahadur Ghazi ابو ناصر مجاہد الدین محمد احمد شاہ بہادر غازی |
23 December 1725Delhi,India | 29 April 1748 – 1752
(4 years) |
1 January 1775 (aged 49)Delhi,India |
Durrani Empire (1752 – 1754)
[edit]Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Shah Durrani
| 1720/1722 – 4 June 1772 | 1752 | 1754 | Established theDurrani dynastyand theDurrani Empire;Considered founder of modern Afghanistan | Durrani |
Raja of Kashmir
[edit]Titular Name(s) | Personal Name | Reign |
---|---|---|
Raja Jiwan راجہ جیون |
Sukh Jiwan Mal Sahni سکھ جیون مال ساہنی |
1754–1762 |
Durrani Empire Restored (1762 – 1819)
[edit]Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Shah Durrani
| 1720/1722 – 4 June 1772 | 1762 | 4 June 1772 | Established theDurrani dynastyand theDurrani Empire;Considered founder of modern Afghanistan | Durrani | |
Timur Shah Durrani | December 1746 – 20 May 1793 | November 1772 | 20 May 1793 | Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani Preserved the Durrani Empire following the death of his father after fighting off civil war in 1772, and multiple rebellions | Durrani | |
Zaman Shah Durrani | 1770–1844 | 20 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed | Durrani | |
Mahmud Shah Durrani
| 1769 – 18 April 1829 | 25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed | Durrani | |
Shah Shujah Durrani
| 4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842 | 13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed, and making multiple attempts to reclaim his throne | Durrani | |
Mahmud Shah Durrani (2nd reign)
| 1769 – 18 April 1829 | 3 May 1809 | 1818 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Exiled toHeratfollowing his deposition during his second reign | Durrani | |
Ali Shah Durrani | 1818 | 1819 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |
Sikh Empire (1819 – 1846)
[edit]S. No. | Name | Portrait | Birth and death | Reign | Note | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Maharaja Ranjit Singh | 13 November 1780 (Gujranwala) | 27 June 1839 (Lahore) | 5 July 1819 | 27 June 1839 | 19 years, 357 days | The first Sikh king | Stroke | |
2 | Maharaja Kharak Singh | 22 February 1801 (Lahore) | 5 November 1840 (Lahore) | 27 June 1839 | 8 October 1839 | 103 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Poisoning | |
3 | Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh | 11 February 1820 (Lahore) | 6 November 1840 (Lahore) | 8 October 1839 | 6 November 1840 | 1 year, 29 days | Son of Kharak Singh | Assassinated | |
4 | Maharani Chand Kaur |
1802 (Fatehgarh Churian) | 11 June 1842 (Lahore) | 6 November 1840 | 18 January 1841 | 73 days | Wife of Kharak Singh and the only female ruler of Sikh Empire | Abdicated | |
5 | Maharaja Sher Singh | 4 December 1807 (Batala) | 15 September 1843 (Lahore) | 18 January 1841 | 15 September 1843 | 2 years, 240 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Assassinated | |
6 | Maharaja Duleep Singh | 6 September 1838 (Lahore) | 22 October 1893 (Paris) | 15 September 1843 | 16 March 1846 | 2 years, 182 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Exiled |
State of Jammu and Kashmir (1846 – 1952)
[edit]Title | Personal Name | Reign |
---|---|---|
Maharaja | Gulab Singh | 16 March 1846 – 20 February 1856 |
Maharaja | Ranbir Singh | 20 February 1856 – 12 September 1885 |
Maharaja | Pratap Singh | 12 September 1885 – 23 September 1925 |
Maharaja | Hari Singh | 12 September 1925 – 17 November 1952 |
See also
[edit]- List of Indian monarchs
- History of Kashmir
- Martand Sun Temple
- Lalitaditya Muktapida
- Rajatarangini&Kalhan
- Gonanda dynasty
References
[edit]- ^Stein, M.A. (1900).Kalhaņa's Rājatarańgiņī, A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr.Westminster: Archibald Constable. pp. 133–138.
- ^abPillai, P. Govinda (4 October 2022).The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance or Revivalism?.Taylor & Francis. p. 150.ISBN978-1-000-78039-0.
- ^Hasan, Mohibbul (2005) [1959].Kashmir Under the Sultans(Reprinted ed.). Delhi: Aakar Books. p. 325.ISBN978-81-87879-49-7.Retrieved17 January2013.
- ^"The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir".