Dysgenics

Dysgenicsrefers to any decrease in the prevalence of traits deemed to be either socially desirable or generally adaptive to their environment due toselective pressuredisfavouring their reproduction,^[1]

In 1915 the term was used byDavid Starr Jordanto describe the supposed deleterious effects of modern warfare on group-level genetic fitness because of its tendency to kill physically healthy men while preserving the disabled at home.^[2]^[3]Similar concerns had been raised by early eugenicists andsocial Darwinistsduring the 19th century, and continued to play a role in scientific and public policy debates throughout the 20th century.^[4]

More recent concerns about supposed dysgenic effects in human populations have been advanced by the controversial psychologistRichard Lynn,notably in his 1996 bookDysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations,which argued that a reduction inselection pressuresand decreasedinfant mortalitysince theIndustrial Revolutionhave resulted in an increased propagation of deleterious traits andgenetic disorders.^[5]^[6]

Despite these concerns, genetic studies have shown no evidence for dysgenic effects in human populations.^[5]^[7]^[8]^[9]Reviewing Lynn's book, the scholar John R. Wilmoth notes: "Overall, the most puzzling aspect of Lynn's alarmist position is that the deterioration of average intelligence predicted by the eugenicists has not occurred."^[10]

References[edit]

^Rédei, George P. (2008).Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics, and Informatics, Volume 1.Springer. p. 572.ISBN 978-1-4020-6755-6.
^Jordan, David Starr (2003).War and the Breed: The Relation of War to the Downfall of Nations(Reprint ed.). Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific.ISBN 978-1-4102-0900-9.
^Carlson, Elof Axel (2001).The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 189–193.ISBN 9780879695873.
^Carlson, Elof Axel (2001).The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.ISBN 9780879695873.
^^a ^bFischbach, Karl-Friedrich; Niggeschmidt, Martin (2022)."Do the Dumb Get Dumber and the Smart Get Smarter?".Heritability of Intelligence.Springer. pp. 37–39.doi:10.1007/978-3-658-35321-6_9.ISBN 978-3-658-35321-6.S2CID 244640696.Since the nineteenth century, a 'race deterioration' has been repeatedly predicted as a result of the excessive multiplication of less gifted people. Nevertheless, the educational and qualification level of people in the industrialized countries has risen strongly. The fact that the 'test intelligence' has also significantly increased, is difficult to explain for supporters of the dysgenic thesis: they suspect that the 'phenotypic intelligence' has increased for environmental reasons, while the 'genotypic quality' secretly decreases. There is neither evidence nor proof for this theory.Citations in original omitted.
^Lynn, Richard(1997).Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations(PDF).Praeger Publishers.ISBN 9780275949174.
^Conley, Dalton; Laidley, Thomas; Belsky, Daniel W.; Fletcher, Jason M.; Boardman, Jason D.; Domingue, Benjamin W. (14 June 2016)."Assortative mating and differential fertility by phenotype and genotype across the 20th century".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.113(24): 6647–6652.Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6647C.doi:10.1073/pnas.1523592113.PMC4914190.PMID 27247411.
^Bratsberg, Bernt; Rogeberg, Ole (26 June 2018)."Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.115(26): 6674–6678.Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6674B.doi:10.1073/pnas.1718793115.PMC6042097.PMID 29891660.
^Neisser, Ulric (1998).The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures.American Psychological Association. pp. xiii–xiv.ISBN 978-1557985033.There is no convincing evidence that any dysgenic trend exists.... It turns out, counterintuitively, that differential birth rates (for groups scoring high and low on a trait) donotnecessarily produce changes in the population mean.
^Wilmoth, John R. "Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations",Population and Development Review23, no. 3 (Sep., 1997): 664-666.

[1] Rédei, George P. (2008).Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics, and Informatics, Volume 1.Springer. p. 572.ISBN 978-1-4020-6755-6.

[Jordan-2] Jordan, David Starr (2003).War and the Breed: The Relation of War to the Downfall of Nations(Reprint ed.). Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific.ISBN 978-1-4102-0900-9.

[:1-3] Carlson, Elof Axel (2001).The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 189–193.ISBN 9780879695873.

[4] Carlson, Elof Axel (2001).The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.ISBN 9780879695873.

[:2-5] Fischbach, Karl-Friedrich; Niggeschmidt, Martin (2022)."Do the Dumb Get Dumber and the Smart Get Smarter?".Heritability of Intelligence.Springer. pp. 37–39.doi:10.1007/978-3-658-35321-6_9.ISBN 978-3-658-35321-6.S2CID 244640696.Since the nineteenth century, a 'race deterioration' has been repeatedly predicted as a result of the excessive multiplication of less gifted people. Nevertheless, the educational and qualification level of people in the industrialized countries has risen strongly. The fact that the 'test intelligence' has also significantly increased, is difficult to explain for supporters of the dysgenic thesis: they suspect that the 'phenotypic intelligence' has increased for environmental reasons, while the 'genotypic quality' secretly decreases. There is neither evidence nor proof for this theory.Citations in original omitted.

[Dysgenics_1996-6] Lynn, Richard(1997).Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations(PDF).Praeger Publishers.ISBN 9780275949174.

[7] Conley, Dalton; Laidley, Thomas; Belsky, Daniel W.; Fletcher, Jason M.; Boardman, Jason D.; Domingue, Benjamin W. (14 June 2016)."Assortative mating and differential fertility by phenotype and genotype across the 20th century".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.113(24): 6647–6652.Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6647C.doi:10.1073/pnas.1523592113.PMC4914190.PMID 27247411.

[8] Bratsberg, Bernt; Rogeberg, Ole (26 June 2018)."Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.115(26): 6674–6678.Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6674B.doi:10.1073/pnas.1718793115.PMC6042097.PMID 29891660.

[9] Neisser, Ulric (1998).The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures.American Psychological Association. pp. xiii–xiv.ISBN 978-1557985033.There is no convincing evidence that any dysgenic trend exists.... It turns out, counterintuitively, that differential birth rates (for groups scoring high and low on a trait) donotnecessarily produce changes in the population mean.

[10] Wilmoth, John R. "Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations",Population and Development Review23, no. 3 (Sep., 1997): 664-666.

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Dysgenics

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