Zanclean

Zanclean
Zanclean
5.333 – 3.600Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
←	Messinian salinity crisis
←	North Americanprairieexpands
	Subdivision of the Neogene according to theICS,as of 2021.; Vertical axis: millions of years ago.;
Formerly part of	TertiaryPeriod/System
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	Base of the Thvera magnetic event (C3n.4n), which is only 96 ka (5 precession cycles) younger than the GSSP
Lower boundary GSSP	Heraclea Minoa section,Heraclea Minoa,Cattolica Eraclea,Sicily,Italy; 37°23′30″N13°16′50″E/ 37.3917°N 13.2806°E
Lower GSSP ratified	2000
Upper boundary definition	Base of Gauss/Gilbert (C2An/C2Ar) magnetic reversal
Upper boundary GSSP	Punta Piccola Section,Porto Empedocle,Sicily, Italy; 37°17′20″N13°29′36″E/ 37.2889°N 13.4933°E
Upper GSSP ratified	January 1997

Artistic interpretation of the flooding 5.3 mya of the Mediterranean through the Gibraltar Strait (A) and the Sicilian strait (F)

TheZancleanis the loweststageor earliestageon thegeologic time scaleof thePliocene.It spans the time between 5.332 ± 0.005Ma(million years ago) and 3.6 ± 0.005 Ma. It is preceded by theMessinianAge of theMiocene Epoch,and followed by thePiacenzianAge.

The Zanclean can be correlated with regionally used stages, such as the Opoitian of New Zealand,^[6]and the Tabianian or Dacian ofCentral Europe.It also corresponds to the lateHemphillianto mid-Blancan North American Land Mammal Ages.InCalifornia,the Zanclean roughly corresponds to the middle part of the Delmontian stage.^[7]

Definition[edit]

The Zanclean Stage was introduced byGiuseppe Seguenzain 1868. It is named afterZancle,the pre-Romanname for theItaliancity ofMessinaonSicily.

The base of the Zanclean (and the Pliocene Series) lies with the top of magnetic chronozone Cr3 (about 100,000 years before the Thvera normal subchronozone C3n.4n). The base is also close to theextinctionlevel of the calcareousnanoplanktonspeciesTriquetrorhabdulus rugosus(the base ofbiozoneCN10b) and the first appearance of nanoplanktonCeratolithus acutus.TheGSSPfor the Zanclean is in the vicinity of the ruins of the ancient city ofHeraclea MinoaonSicily,Italy.^[4]

The top of the Zanclean Stage (the base of the Piacenzian Stage) is at the base of magnetic chronozone C2An (the base of the Gauss chronozone and at theextinctionof theplanktonic foramsGloborotalia margaritaeandPulleniatina primalis.

Events of the Zanclean[edit]

TheZanclean floodmarked the beginning of the age and the end of the Messinian, as water poured in from theAtlantic Oceanthrough theStrait of GibraltartodelugetheMediterranean Basinand end theMessinian salinity crisis,a period about 5.96 Ma ago in the Messinian Age of the Miocene Epoch when theMediterranean Seahad evaporated partly or completely.^[8]
Deposits in theEvergladeswere deposited when high tropical water started to return in the late Zanclean.^[9]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

^Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain".Earth and Planetary Science Letters.142(3–4): 367–380.Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K.doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.
^Retallack, G. J. (1997)."Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie".PALAIOS.12(4): 380–390.doi:10.2307/3515337.JSTOR 3515337.Retrieved2008-02-11.
^"ICS Timescale Chart"(PDF).stratigraphy.org.
^^a ^bVan Couvering, John; Castradori, Davide; Cita, Maria; Hilgen, Frederik; Rio, Domenico (September 2000)."The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series"(PDF).Episodes.23(3): 179–187.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/005.S2CID 10836910.
^Castradori, D.; D. Rio; F. J. Hilgen; L. J. Lourens (1998)."The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian Stage (Middle Pliocene)"(PDF).Episodes.21(2): 88–93.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/003.Retrieved26 December2020.
^Gradstein FM, Ogg JG, Schmitz MD, Ogg GM, eds. (2012).The Geologic Timescale 2012.Elsevier. pp. 936–937.ISBN 978-0-44-459390-0.
^Allaby, Ailsa; Michael Allaby (1999)."Delmontian".A Dictionary of Earth Sciences.Encyclopedia.Retrieved10 Dec2009.A stage in the Upper Tertiary of the west coast of N. America
^Marco Roveri; Adele Bertini; DomenicoCosentino; Agata Di Stefano; Rocco Gennari; Elsa Gliozzi; Francesco Grossi; Silvia Maria Iaccarino; Stefano Lugli; Vinicio Manzi; Marco Tavian (2008)."A high-resolution stratigraphic framework for the latest Messinian events in the Mediterranean area"(PDF).Stratigraphy.5(3–4): 323–342, text-figures 1–9. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on January 21, 2012.RetrievedDecember 10,2009.
^Petuch, Edward J.; Roberts, Charles (18 April 2007).The Geology of the Everglades and Adjacent Areas.ISBN 9781420045598.

Literature[edit]

Castradori, D.; Rio, D.; Hilgen, F.J. & Lourens, L.J.;1998:The Global Standard Stratotype section and Point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian Stage (Middle Pliocene),Episodes,21(2): pp 88–93.
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.(eds.) (2005)A Geologic Time Scale 2004Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,ISBN 0-521-78142-6.
Giuseppe Seguenza;1868:La Formation Zancléenne, ou recherches sur une nouvelle formation tertiaire,Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, séries 2,25:465-485.(in French)
Van Couvering, J.A.; Castradori, D.; Cita, M.B.; Hilgen, F.J. & Rio, D.;2000:The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series,Episodes,23(3): pp 179–187.

External links[edit]

Zancleanat theGeoWhendatabase
Neogene timescale,at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Neogene timescaleat the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

37°23′30″N13°16′50″E/ 37.3917°N 13.2806°E/37.3917; 13.2806

[Krijgsman1996-1] Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain".Earth and Planetary Science Letters.142(3–4): 367–380.Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K.doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.

[Retallack1997-2] Retallack, G. J. (1997)."Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie".PALAIOS.12(4): 380–390.doi:10.2307/3515337.JSTOR 3515337.Retrieved2008-02-11.

[3] "ICS Timescale Chart"(PDF).stratigraphy.org.

[Van_Couvering-4] Van Couvering, John; Castradori, Davide; Cita, Maria; Hilgen, Frederik; Rio, Domenico (September 2000)."The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series"(PDF).Episodes.23(3): 179–187.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/005.S2CID 10836910.

[5] Castradori, D.; D. Rio; F. J. Hilgen; L. J. Lourens (1998)."The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian Stage (Middle Pliocene)"(PDF).Episodes.21(2): 88–93.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/003.Retrieved26 December2020.

[Gradstein_et-al_2012-6] Gradstein FM, Ogg JG, Schmitz MD, Ogg GM, eds. (2012).The Geologic Timescale 2012.Elsevier. pp. 936–937.ISBN 978-0-44-459390-0.

[7] Allaby, Ailsa; Michael Allaby (1999)."Delmontian".A Dictionary of Earth Sciences.Encyclopedia.Retrieved10 Dec2009.A stage in the Upper Tertiary of the west coast of N. America

[8] Marco Roveri; Adele Bertini; DomenicoCosentino; Agata Di Stefano; Rocco Gennari; Elsa Gliozzi; Francesco Grossi; Silvia Maria Iaccarino; Stefano Lugli; Vinicio Manzi; Marco Tavian (2008)."A high-resolution stratigraphic framework for the latest Messinian events in the Mediterranean area"(PDF).Stratigraphy.5(3–4): 323–342, text-figures 1–9. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on January 21, 2012.RetrievedDecember 10,2009.

[book-9] Petuch, Edward J.; Roberts, Charles (18 April 2007).The Geology of the Everglades and Adjacent Areas.ISBN 9781420045598.

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