Eastern Ye
| Ye | |
| Hangul | 예 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Ye |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ye |
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YeorDongye(Korean pronunciation:[toŋ.je]), which means theEastern Ye,was aKoreanchiefdom which occupied portions of the northeasternKorean peninsulafrom roughly 3rd-century BC to around early 5th-century AD. It borderedGoguryeoandOkjeoto the north,Jinhanto the south, and China'sLelang Commanderyto the west. Today, this territory consists of the provinces ofSouth HamgyŏngandKangwoninNorth Korea,andGangwoninSouth Korea.
History
[edit]
Ye appears in history as a vassal state ofGoguryeo.In early 5th-century, however, KingGwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeoannexed Ye, leading toGoguryeo's domination of the entire northern portion of the Korean peninsula and most ofManchuria.A small part of Ye in the south was absorbed intoSilla.
Haslla ( gì sắt la; present-dayGangneung),[1]Bulnaeye ( không kiên nhẫn uế; present-dayAnbyon County), Hwaryeo ( hoa lệ; present-dayKumya County) are known as the countries established by Ye.[2][3][4][5]According to a recent study, Siljikgok (present-daySamcheok) is also seen as an area of the ye culture.[6][7]
According to theBook of the Later HanandRecords of the Three Kingdoms,fellow soldiers are as good at infantry asOkjeo.They had a sense of homogeneity with Goguryeo. It is said that it used 3zhang( trượng ) long spear as a weapon and supported the army as a vassal of Goguryeo.[8][9][10]
People and culture
[edit]The Ye people considered themselves to be the same people as the people ofGoguryeo,and shared their language and ethnic origins with the people ofOkjeoand Goguryeo. This may indicate that Dongye also shared a common origin withBuyeoandGojoseon.The population was recorded to be 280,000 families.
Very little information about Ye has survived; most of the extant information comes from the discussion of the Eastern barbarians in the ChineseRecords of Three Kingdoms.The custom of "Mucheon" (무천, vũ thiên ), a festival of worshipping heaven through song and dance in the 10th month, is mentioned in some records. This appears to have been closely related to the Goguryeo festival of Dongmaeng, held at the same time of year, which also incorporated martial displays. The people worshiped the tiger as a deity.
The economy of Ye was based primarily on agriculture, includingsericultureand hemp cultivation.[11]The Mucheon festival was largely aimed at securing a good harvest in the coming year. Their agriculture appears to have been well-organised at the village level. Ye law meted out stiff penalties for those who encroached on communal land.
They have no sovereign chief... Their elders have long considered that they are of the same stock as the Goguryeo. Sincere by nature they keep their desires to a minimum, have a sense of shame, and do not beg for alms. In language, usages, and customs they are in general the same as the Goguryeo, but in their clothing there are differences. Men and women both wear pleated collars, and the men plait silver flowers several inches wide for adornment... Their custom is to give great importance to mountains and rivers, each of which has certain parts into which people are not permitted to wade indiscriminately. Members of the same clan do not intermarry. They have many superstitions and taboos: in the event of illness or death, they always abandon their old dwelling, rebuild, and resettle... They also sacrifice to the tiger as to a divine being... They make spears three zhang in length, sometimes carried by three men at once. They are capable foot soldiers; the "sandalwood bow" of Lelang comes from their land.[12]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^It was originally capital of Ye ( uế ). It belonged to theWiman Joseonin 129 BC. NamRyeo, the leader of Yemaek, betrayed the Wiman Joseon and belongs to the Han Dynasty in 128 BC. With the establishment ofFour Commanderies of Han,it was reorganized intoLintun Commandery(108 BC). Become independent in 82 BC. In AD 60, the Siljik king fled toUljinwhen Haslla attacked the Siljikgok.
- ^Tam quốc sử ký (Samguk sagi) cuốn đệ nhất tân la bản kỷ đệ nhất nho lý ni sư nay (Yuri of Silla) > In AD 40, September, people from Hwaryeo and Bulnaeye joined forces to lead cavalry and invade the northern frontier.Maekwas waiting in the west of the curved river using a military force and struck and defeated. The king rejoiced and established friendly relations with the Maek.
- ^It is not clear whether this Maek means Baekje, Goguryeo, or Malgal, which often appears in the Samguk Sagi.
- ^Records of the Three Kingdoms
- ^Book of Han
- ^박지희. 2016, “실직국의 역사고고학적 연구”, 가톨릭관동대학교 교육대학원
- ^:(A)study on the Siljikguk by the historical & archaeological methods
- ^(3 trượng = 6.9m)
- ^Tam Quốc Chí (Records of the Three Kingdoms) Ngụy thư (Book of Wei) đông di truyền (Volume 30) - uế nam cùng thần Hàn, bắc cùng Cao Lệ · ốc tự tiếp, đông nghèo biển rộng, sáng nay tiên chi đông toàn này mà cũng. Này bô lão cũ tự gọi cùng câu lệ cùng loại. Một thân tính nguyện khác, thiếu trọng dục, có liêm sỉ, không thỉnh câu lệ. Ngôn ngữ pháp tục đại để cùng câu lệ cùng, quần áo có dị. Nam nữ y toàn khúc lãnh, nam tử hệ bạc hoa quảng số tấc lấy vi sức. Hán mạt càng thuộc câu lệ. Thường dùng mười tháng tiết tế thiên, ngày đêm ẩm rượu ca vũ, danh chi vi vũ thiên, lại tế hổ lấy vi thần. Làm mâu trường ba trượng, hoặc mấy người cộng cầm chi, có thể bước chiến. Nhạc lãng đàn cung ra này địa. Này hải ra ban da cá, thổ địa tha văn báo, lại ra quả xuống ngựa. The south side of the ye ( uế ) isJinhan,and the north side is Goguryo and Okjeo. There is a large sea to the east, and the eastern part of the GoJoseon ( Triều Tiên ) is all the land. The old people have long been said to be the same kind of Goguryo themselves. People's temper is restrained and sincere. They did not beg for pleasure, less greed, less humility, shyness. Language, law and customs are largely the same as Goguryo and clothes are different. Both men's and women's clothes are clearly curved, and men decorate themselves with silver belts. At the end of Han Dynasty era, ye was once again part of Goguryeo. Ye always held ritual in October, and drank, sang and danced day and night, it was called Mucheon. They also hold ritual for tigers as gods. The spear is 3 jang ( trượng ) length, and several people hold it together. they are good at infantry. Dangung (bow) come out of the land belongs to Lelang, Seal leather comes out of the sea, and there are leopards and little horse.
- ^Partial Quotation
- ^Records of Three Kingdoms(San guo zhi): Vải bố, tằm tang làm miên, hiểu chờ tinh tú, dự biết tuổi tác phong ước. SeeWikisource:zh: Tam Quốc Chí / cuốn 30.See alsoKorean Britannica entry.
- ^Lee 1992,p. 16-17.
Bibliography
[edit]- Lee, Peter H. (1992),Sourcebook of Korean Civilization 1,Columbia University Press
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