Econfina Creek
Econfina Creekis a small river in the middleFlorida Panhandle.It flows through hilly country, and has sections ofwhitewaterrapids. Much of its flow comes fromsprings.The river ends at Deer Point Lake, areservoirthat provides the freshwater supply forPanama Cityand much ofBay County.
The name "Econfina" derives from theCreekekana,which means "earthy", andfeno,which means "bridge" or "footlog", referring to anatural bridgethat crossed the river about 15 miles (24 km) upstream from its mouth until it collapsed in the 19th century. ThePensacola–St. Augustineroad (theBellamy Road) built in the 1820s crossed this natural bridge.[1]
Course
[edit]Econfina Creek arises in the southwest corner ofJackson County,flows into Bay County, thence intoWashington County,and returns to Bay County to end in Deer Point Lake. Deer Point Lake is a reservoir that empties directly into North Bay, an arm ofSt. Andrews Bay.Econfina Creek is 26 miles (42 km) long and has a watershed of 275 square miles (710 km2).[2][3]
Econfina Creek flows through a hillylimestonekarstlandscape, and there are springs,sinkholes,caves and rock outcrops along the river. One cave by the river is the only known location for a species of snail (Dasyscias franzi) that feeds on wood carried into the cave by beavers. The vegetation along the river includes plants typical of theAppalachian Mountains,but rarely found in Florida.[4][5][6]
Springs
[edit]
Much of the river's flow comes from 11 named springs or spring groups consisting of more than 36 vents, including the firstmagnitudeGainer Springs Group and four second magnitude springs. The springs on Econfina Creek are concentrated in a 4.75 miles (7.64 km) long section where the river cuts through theFloridan Aquifer.[2][3][4]More than 80% of the normal discharge of Econfina Creek into Deer Point Lake comes from the springs in this part of the river.[7]
Public lands
[edit]TheNorthwest Florida Water Management Districtowns most of the land along the river, including 41,000 acres (170 km2) in the Econfina Creek Water Management Area. The Water Management Area is also operated as the Econfina Creek Wildlife Management Area by theFlorida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.[4][5][8]
Paddling trail
[edit]There is a 24-mile (39 km) long designated paddling trail from the Scott Road Bridge to the State Road 388 Bridge. This trail has the steepest fall of any designated canoe trail in Florida. It has been described as "the most exciting canoe trail in the state."[9]TheFlorida Department of Environmental Protectionrecommends that only experienced paddlers use the upper portion of the trail, and advises that the river is too dangerous for paddling when the water is high following heavy rains.[4][5]
History
[edit]More than 120archaeological siteshave been identified in the Econfina Creek watershed, including many prehistoric sites.Paleo-Indianarrowheads, about 7,000 years old, have been found at some of the sites. When humans first entered Florida about 12,000 years ago, the water table was much lower, and the course of Econfina Creek was a series of waterholes, and not a flowing river.ChoctawandCreek peoplelived around Econfina Creek at various times prior the acquisition of Florida by the United States. In the 1830s these people were forced to leave Florida as part of theTrail of Tears.[2][7]
White settlers started moving into the land along Econfina Creek shortly after the United States acquired Florida in 1821. One of the earliest settlers was William Gainer, who was withAndrew Jackson's forces when they passed through the area on their way to Pensacola in 1818 (during theFirst Seminole War). The bottom land along Econfina Creek was the only place in what is now Bay County that had plantations using slaves. The first cotton shipped fromSt. Josephwas reported to have come from Econfina. To facilitate this traffic, the Territorial Legislative Council declared Econfina Creek a navigable river up to the Gainer Bridge (built by William Gainer after the natural bridge collapsed).[1]
Deer Point Lake
[edit]Deer Point Lake was created when a dam was constructed across North Bay, part of St. Andrews Bay, in 1961. The reservoir covers 5,000 acres (20 km2). It has a watershed (including Econfina Creek) of 422 square miles (1,090 km2). The reservoir receives an average of 600,000,000 US gallons (2.3×109L) a day from four sources, and provides fresh water to Panama City and other parts of Bay County. About 60% of the water in the reservoir comes from Econfina Creek. During very dry conditions, Econfina Creek supplies up to 80% of the water flowing into the reservoir.[10][11]
References
[edit]- ^abWomack, Marlene (July 17, 2008)."Settlers live and die along Econfina Creek".News Herald.Archived fromthe originalon 11 March 2012.Retrieved27 April2011.
- ^abcBoning, Charles R. (2007).Florida's Rivers.Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. pp. 80–81.ISBN978-1-56164-400-1.
- ^abKris Barrios & Angela Chelette (July 2004)."Econfina Creek Spring Inventory".Northwest Florida Water Management District. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-03-23.Retrieved26 April2011.
- ^abcd"Econfina Creek Paddling Trail"(PDF).Florida Department of Environmental Protection.Retrieved26 April2011.
- ^abc"Recreation – Econfina Creek".Northwest Florida Water Management District. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-09-18.Retrieved26 April2011.
- ^Thompson, Fred G.; Robert Hershler (1991)."Two New Hydrobiid Snails from Florida and Georgia, with a Discussion of the Biogeography of Freshwater Gastropods of South Georgia Streams"(PDF).Malacological Review(24): 55–72.Retrieved27 April2011.
- ^ab"Econfina Creek – Looking at the Big Picture"(PDF).Northwest Florida Water Management District. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2011-06-01.Retrieved26 April2011.
- ^"Econfina Creek Wildlife Management Area".Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.Retrieved26 April2011.
- ^"Wetlands: Sand Lakes and Econfina Creek".University of Florida IFAS.Retrieved27 April2011.
- ^"Deer Point Lake".Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.Retrieved26 April2011.
- ^McDonald, Kathleen M. and Steven A. McLellan."Deer Point Reservoir: A Case History of Starting a Watershed Protection Program"[permanent dead link].(.DOC file) Bay County Utility Services.
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