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Eisenstadt

Coordinates:47°51′N16°31′E/ 47.850°N 16.517°E/47.850; 16.517
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Eisenstadt
Clockwise from top: aerial view of the city, state government building,Schloss Esterházy,calvary withBergkirche
Flag of Eisenstadt
Coat of arms of Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt is located in Burgenland
Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt
Location within Burgenland
Eisenstadt is located in Austria
Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt
Location within Austria
Coordinates:47°51′N16°31′E/ 47.850°N 16.517°E/47.850; 16.517
CountryAustria
StateBurgenland
DistrictStatutory city
Government
MayorThomas Steiner(ÖVP)
Area
• Total42.88 km2(16.56 sq mi)
Elevation
182 m (597 ft)
Population
(2018-01-01)[2]
• Total14,476
• Density340/km2(870/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
7000
Area code02682
Vehicle registrationE
Budget€42.256 million (2021)[3]
Expenditure€42.255 million (2021)[4]
Websiteeisenstadt.gv.at

Eisenstadt(German pronunciation:[ˈaɪzn̩ʃtat];Austro-Bavarian:Eisnstod;Hungarian:Kismarton;Croatian:Željezni gradorŽeljezno;Slovene:Železno) is the capital city of theAustrian stateofBurgenland.With a population of 15,074 (as of 2023), it is the smallest state capital and the 38th-largest city in Austria overall. It lies at the foot of theLeitha Mountainshill range.

From 1648 to 1921, Kismarton/Eisenstadt was part of theHabsburg Empire'sKingdom of Hungaryand the seat of theHungarian noble familyEszterházy.During this time, the composerJoseph Haydnlived and worked in Eisenstadt as a court musician under thepatronageof the Esterházy family. After the cessation of Burgenland to Austria in 1921, the city became the province's capital in 1925. As the state capital of Burgenland, it functions as a center of public administration and services[5][6]and is the seat of three institutes of higher education.

Geography[edit]

Eisenstadt lies on a plain leading down to the riverWulka,at the southern foot of theLeitha Mountains,about 12 kilometres (7 miles) from theHungarianborder.

Subdivisions[edit]

Eisenstadt is divided into three districts(Ortsteile):

  • Eisenstadt-Stadt (Eisenstadt proper)
  • Kleinhöflein im Burgenland (Hungarian:Kishöflány;Croatian:Mala Holovajna) – a town that lies to the west of Eisenstadt proper
  • St. Georgen am Leithagebirge(Lajtaszentgyörgy;Svetojurje) – a town that lies to the east of Eisenstadt proper

Furthermore, Eisenstadt is divided into fiveKatastralgemeinden:

  • Eisenstadt-Stadt
  • Oberberg, or Oberberg-Eisenstadt (Hungarian:Felsőkismartonhegy;Croatian:Željezno Brig) – the northern area of Eisenstadt starting beyond the Jewish quarter
  • Unterberg, or Unterberg-Eisenstadt (Alsókismartonhegy;Željezno Donji Brig) – the southern area of Eisenstadt starting beyond the Kalvarienbergplatz & the Ruster Straße and including the Jewish quarter
  • Kleinhöflein im Burgenland
  • St. Georgen am Leithagebirge

Other informal areas of the city include Wiesäcker and Lobäcker, which lie south of the Eisbach, a tributary of the Wulka. The city is surrounded by thedistrict(Bezirk) ofEisenstadt-Umgebung.

The city previously included the districts(Ortsteile)of Eisenstadt-Stadt, Eisenstadt-Oberberg, Eisenstadt-Unterberg, and Eisenstadt-Schloßgrund (Kismartonváralja).

Nearby municipalities[edit]

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Eisenstadt (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.5
(68.9)
21.1
(70.0)
24.1
(75.4)
27.2
(81.0)
33.2
(91.8)
36.1
(97.0)
38.7
(101.7)
38.4
(101.1)
33.7
(92.7)
28.0
(82.4)
21.9
(71.4)
19.8
(67.6)
38.7
(101.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6)
5.3
(41.5)
10.4
(50.7)
16.1
(61.0)
21.1
(70.0)
24.0
(75.2)
26.7
(80.1)
26.1
(79.0)
20.9
(69.6)
15.0
(59.0)
8.3
(46.9)
3.5
(38.3)
15.0
(59.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8)
1.3
(34.3)
5.5
(41.9)
10.7
(51.3)
15.7
(60.3)
18.8
(65.8)
21.0
(69.8)
20.2
(68.4)
15.5
(59.9)
10.2
(50.4)
4.9
(40.8)
0.8
(33.4)
10.4
(50.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0)
−1.7
(28.9)
1.8
(35.2)
6.0
(42.8)
10.5
(50.9)
13.7
(56.7)
15.7
(60.3)
15.5
(59.9)
11.5
(52.7)
6.9
(44.4)
2.3
(36.1)
−1.6
(29.1)
6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −21.6
(−6.9)
−19.8
(−3.6)
−19.2
(−2.6)
−2.8
(27.0)
1.2
(34.2)
3.7
(38.7)
6.9
(44.4)
6.8
(44.2)
2.1
(35.8)
−5.9
(21.4)
−12.3
(9.9)
−17.8
(0.0)
−21.6
(−6.9)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 38
(1.5)
34
(1.3)
59
(2.3)
52
(2.0)
77
(3.0)
90
(3.5)
77
(3.0)
91
(3.6)
78
(3.1)
53
(2.1)
57
(2.2)
51
(2.0)
758
(29.8)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 13
(5.1)
10
(3.9)
6
(2.4)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(2.0)
12
(4.7)
46
(18)
Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 14:00) 70.5 62.6 56.5 50.4 52.9 53.5 50.2 51.4 56.0 62.3 70.6 74.7 59.3
Mean monthlysunshine hours 73 107 145 204 246 245 272 254 188 139 72 53 1,999
Percentpossible sunshine 27.7 38.3 41.0 51.8 55.2 54.4 59.7 60.1 51.8 42.7 26.6 21.1 44.2
Source:Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[7][8][9][10][11]
Climate data for Eisenstadt (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8)
19.7
(67.5)
27.4
(81.3)
27.2
(81.0)
30.8
(87.4)
36.1
(97.0)
36.4
(97.5)
37.0
(98.6)
33.7
(92.7)
26.4
(79.5)
21.9
(71.4)
19.8
(67.6)
37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0)
5.3
(41.5)
10.4
(50.7)
15.3
(59.5)
20.6
(69.1)
23.4
(74.1)
25.9
(78.6)
25.7
(78.3)
20.9
(69.6)
14.8
(58.6)
7.7
(45.9)
4.0
(39.2)
14.7
(58.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3)
1.3
(34.3)
5.5
(41.9)
9.9
(49.8)
15.1
(59.2)
18.1
(64.6)
20.2
(68.4)
19.8
(67.6)
15.3
(59.5)
9.8
(49.6)
4.3
(39.7)
1.1
(34.0)
10.0
(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8)
−1.6
(29.1)
1.9
(35.4)
5.5
(41.9)
10.1
(50.2)
13.2
(55.8)
15.2
(59.4)
15.1
(59.2)
11.4
(52.5)
6.5
(43.7)
1.7
(35.1)
−1.2
(29.8)
6.2
(43.2)
Record low °C (°F) −21.6
(−6.9)
−19.8
(−3.6)
−19.2
(−2.6)
−4.0
(24.8)
−1.6
(29.1)
3.7
(38.7)
6.2
(43.2)
3.8
(38.8)
2.1
(35.8)
−5.3
(22.5)
−12.3
(9.9)
−17.8
(0.0)
−21.6
(−6.9)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 33.7
(1.33)
29.7
(1.17)
45.1
(1.78)
51.9
(2.04)
62.6
(2.46)
71.2
(2.80)
66.7
(2.63)
59.8
(2.35)
58.8
(2.31)
43.7
(1.72)
53.6
(2.11)
41.2
(1.62)
618.0
(24.33)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 12.0
(4.7)
8.8
(3.5)
6.4
(2.5)
0.8
(0.3)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
5.0
(2.0)
14.1
(5.6)
47.1
(18.5)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) 6.1 5.9 8.1 7.7 8.5 9.3 8.5 8.2 7.0 5.9 7.8 6.9 89.9
Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 14:00) 72.8 65.1 57.0 51.7 52.8 53.4 50.7 51.1 56.2 61.8 71.2 74.5 59.9
Mean monthlysunshine hours 68.9 105.8 136.1 188.0 237.1 232.5 252.3 244.0 176.2 136.3 70.4 50.1 1,897.7
Percentpossible sunshine 26.2 37.9 38.6 47.7 53.5 52.1 55.8 57.8 48.4 41.8 25.9 20.3 42.2
Source:Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[12]

Names and etymology[edit]

Kleinhöflein im Burgenland at the foot of theLeitha Mountains

The city's name means "Iron City" and was first recorded in 1118 asCastrum ferrum,referring to the history of iron mining and iron trade in the area. The first written mention of the town is from 1264 as "minor Mortin", matching theHungarianname, Kismarton, which recallsMartin of Tours,the patron saint of the main church.

History[edit]

Archeological finds prove that the Eisenstadt area was already settled in theHallstattperiod.CeltsandRomanssettled somewhat later. During theMigration Period,the area was settled by differentGermanic tribesand theHuns.Around 800, during the reign ofCharlemagne,settlement by theBavariibegan. The territory became part of theKingdom of Hungaryin the 11th century.

The fortress built on the original earth works was destroyed by the troops of MargraveLeopold IIIofAustria.In 1241, it was destroyed by theMongolinvaders. In 1373, the town came into the possession of theKanizsaifamily, who rebuilt the walls surrounding the town and built a fortress at the site of the present day castle between 1388 and 1392. In 1388, Eisenstadt was given the right to hold markets byEmperor Sigismund.

From 1440 ArchdukeAlbert VI of Austriaheld the town as collateral for a loan. In 1451,Matthias Corvinusceded it toFrederick III, Holy Roman Emperorin return for theHoly Crown of Hungary.Matthias Corvinus reconquered it by force in 1482, butMaximilian Iacquired it again in 1490. It remained underHabsburgrule until 1622; however, theOttoman Empirebriefly conquered Kismarton in 1529 and 1532 during their advances on the city ofVienna(seeOttoman wars in Europe). It was destroyed by fire in 1589.

In 1648, it passed under the rule of theEsterházy family.TheseHungarianprinces permanently changed the face of the city due to their extensive construction, especially on their castle,Schloss Esterházy.During this period, the city was captured by the army ofImre Thökölyin 1683, and it saw the defeat of the rebelkurucarmy ofSándor Károlyiby theHabsburgsin 1704. It was again destroyed by fire in 1776.

The appointment ofJoseph Haydnas the prince'sHofkapellmeister(court orchestra director, composing and performing music) began the great artistic period in the city's history. In 1809, Eisenstadt was occupied byFrenchtroops during theNapoleonic Wars;in 1897, it was joined to the railway network.

Until the end ofWorld War I,it was the seat of Kismarton district in Sopron county in theKingdom of Hungary.Without plebiscite, the city and the entire Hungarian territory of Burgenland (with the exception of the city ofSopronand 11 other villages in which referendums were held) was annexed to Austria by theSaint-GermainandTreaties of Trianonin 1921. Since 30 April 1925, Eisenstadt has been the seat of the Burgenland state government and thus the state capital. DuringWorld War II,Eisenstadt was heavily bombarded. On 2 April 1945, it was captured bySoviettroops of the3rd Ukrainian Frontin the course of theVienna Offensive,and the city remained under Soviet occupation until 1955. In 1960, it became the see of theRoman Catholic Diocese of Eisenstadt.

Politics[edit]

The currentmayorof Eisenstadt isThomas Steiner(ÖVP).

The district council is composed as follows (as of 2022):

The total annual city budget of Eisenstadt in 2021 is €42.256.600 with total expenditure of €42.255.800.[13]

Main sights[edit]

Secular buildings[edit]

Gloriette

Religious buildings and districts[edit]

Eisenstadt Cathedral
City Hall

Museums[edit]

Education[edit]

Eisenstadt is the seat of theuniversity of applied sciencesFH Burgenland,[15]thecollege of educationPH Burgenland,[16]and themusic schoolJoseph-Haydn-Privathochschule Burgenland.[17]

Culture[edit]

Eisenstadt formerly hosted aJoseph Haydnfestival, theHaydn Festspiele,a viniculture festival, theFest der 1000 Weine,and a tournament of theWorld Athletics Continental Tour,the Austrian Open.

Twin towns — sister cities[edit]

Eisenstadt istwinnedwith:

Notable people[edit]

Paul I,1655
Maria Perschy,2010
Andreas Ivanschitz,2012

Natives[edit]

Sport[edit]

Other residents[edit]

Joseph Haydn,1791
depiction ofRobert Musilin Musil-Haus, Klagenfurt

As a surname[edit]

Eisenstadt(also Ajzenstat, Eisenstaedter, Asch, etc.),aJewish surname,derives from this city.[24]Some people with this surname or its variants include:

References[edit]

  1. ^"Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018".Statistics Austria.Retrieved10 March2019.
  2. ^"Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018".Statistics Austria.Retrieved9 March2019.
  3. ^"Eisenstadt Ergebnishaushalt".offenerhaushalt.at(in German). 2021.Retrieved2021-04-02.
  4. ^"Eisenstadt Ergebnishaushalt".offenerhaushalt.at(in German). 2021.Retrieved2021-04-02.
  5. ^"Eisenstadt | Baroque Architecture, Burgenland & Music | Britannica".
  6. ^"Burgenland | Austria's Easternmost State & its History | Britannica".
  7. ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Lufttemperatur"(in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived fromthe originalon 21 October 2019.Retrieved29 October2019.
  8. ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Niederschlag"(in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived fromthe originalon 29 December 2014.Retrieved29 October2019.
  9. ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Schnee"(in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived fromthe originalon 29 December 2014.Retrieved29 October2019.
  10. ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Luftfeuchtigkeit"(in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived fromthe originalon 21 October 2019.Retrieved29 October2019.
  11. ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Strahlung"(in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived fromthe originalon 29 December 2014.Retrieved29 October2019.
  12. ^"Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000 – Burgenland-Eisenstadt"(in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived fromthe originalon 12 October 2019.Retrieved29 October2019.
  13. ^"Eisenstadt Ergebnishaushalt".offenerhaushalt.at(in German). 2021.Retrieved2021-04-02.
  14. ^Filckr photos:Flickr,Flickr
  15. ^FH Burgenland website
  16. ^PH Burgenland
  17. ^"Joseph-Haydn-Privathochschule Burgenland".Archived fromthe originalon 2023-08-01.Retrieved2023-08-01.
  18. ^"Esterházy of Galántha".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 794.see third para: His third son Pál [Paul] (1635–1713), prince palatine...
  19. ^"Berlin, Isaiah".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 785.
  20. ^Walsh, James Joseph(1910)."Joseph Hyrtl".Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol. 7.
  21. ^Hadow, William Henry(1911)."Haydn, Franz Joseph".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 109–111.
  22. ^"Pleyel, Ignaz Joseph".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 840.
  23. ^"Eger, Aqiba".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 12.
  24. ^Asch and its variants are an abbreviation for Eisenstadt. see"Ash".Jewish Encyclopedia.1906.

External links[edit]