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Ellen Langer

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Ellen Langer
close-up of Ellen Langer wearing dark striped top with thin gold necklace, grinning at camera
Langer in 2013
Born(1947-03-25)March 25, 1947(age 77)
The Bronx,New York
Education
OccupationPsychology professor
Scientific career
Notable students
Websiteellenlanger

Ellen Jane Langer(/ˈlæŋər/;born March 25, 1947) is an American professor ofpsychologyatHarvard University;in 1981, she became the first woman ever to be tenured in psychology at Harvard.[1][2]Langer studies theillusion of control,decision-making,aging,andmindfulnesstheory.[3][2]Her most influential work isCounterclockwise,published in 2009, which answers questions about aging from her research and interest in the particulars of aging across the nation.[4]

Early life and education[edit]

Langer was born inThe Bronx,New York. She received a bachelor's degree in psychology fromNew York University,and her PhD in Social and Clinical Psychology fromYale Universityin 1974.[1]

Career[edit]

Langer has had a significant influence on thepositive psychologymovement.[5]Along with being known as the mother of positive psychology, her contributions to the study of mindfulness have earned her the moniker of the "mother of mindfulness."[6][7]Her work helped to presage mind/body medicine,[8]which has been regarded by many scientists to be an important intellectual movement and one that now has "considerable evidence that an array of mind-body therapies can be used as effective adjuncts to conventional medical treatment."[9]She has co-authored experimental research indicating a connection between time perception and wound healing,[10]although this study has been called into question for flawed analyses.[11]

She has published over 200 articles and academic texts, was published inThe New York Times,and discussed her works onGood Morning America.[1]Additionally, in many introductory psychology courses at universities across the United States, her studies are required reading.[5]

Many regard Langer as a trailblazer who initiated a transformative shift in perspective.Daniel Gilbert,a psychology professor, stated in the 1989 anthologyUnintended Thought,“[Langer] pointed out that social inference is not always a conscious and deliberate act; rather it is often the province of mindless automata.” He further noted, “This clarion call was widely appreciated, and if Langer did not quite set the stage for a psychology of unconscious social inference, she at least rented the theatre.”[1]

Aging[edit]

Langer at PopTech 2013

Langer and colleagues have conducted multiple forms of research to promote the flexibility of aging.[5]Some of her most impactful work has been her research on her famous Counterclockwise Study (1979). This study found that when elderly men were temporarily placed in a setting that recreated their past, their health improved, and they even looked younger. This study was originally published by Oxford University Press[12]and later described in her best seller,Mindfulness.[13]It is the basis of what is now calledReminiscence Therapy.The study was the basis of aBritish Academy of Film and Television AwardsnominatedBBCseries,The Young Ones.However, this study was never published in a peer-reviewed journal. The only publication of this finding is in a chapter of a book edited by Langer.[14]As of 2018, the counterclockwise "pilot" study has not been replicated.[15]

Other important work has shown that rewarding behaviors and following completion of memory tasks improves memory. Another study showed that among nursing home patients, simply taking care of a plant improves mental and physical health, as well as life expectancy.[16]This study was shown to be the result of a statistical error.[17]These studies were the primitive steps to creating the Langer Mindfulness Scale.[18]By having chambermaids call their everyday activity “exercise” rather than “labor,” Langer found that the chambermaids experienced a myriad of health benefits including: "a decrease in their systolic blood pressure, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio."[19][20]

Mindfulness[edit]

Langer is well known for her contributions to the study of mindfulness and of mindless behaviour, with these contributions having provided the basis for many studies focused on individual differences in unconscious behavior and decision-making processes in humans.[21]In 1989, she publishedMindfulness,her first book, and some have referred to her as the "mother of mindfulness".[6][7]In an interview with Krista Tippett on the National Public Radio program "On Being," broadcast on September 13, 2015, Langer defined mindfulness as "the simple act of noticing new things."[20]

Awards[edit]

In 1980, she was the recipient of aGuggenheim Fellowship.[7][22]Other honors include the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest of theAmerican Psychological Association,the Liberty Science Center Genius Award,the Distinguished Contributions of Basic Science to Applied Psychology award from theAmerican Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology,the James McKeen Cattel Award, and the Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Prize.

Criticism[edit]

In a 2014New York Times Magazineprofile, Langer described the week-long paid adult counterclockwise retreats she was creating inSan Miguel de Allende,Mexico, aimed at replicating the effects found in her New Hampshire study. According to the article, "Langer makes no apologies for the paid retreats, nor for what will be their steep price."[23]Langer was defiant when pressed on the ethics of her study:

"To my question of whether such a nakedly commercial venture will undermine her academic credibility, Langer rolled her eyes a bit. 'Look, I'm not 40 years old. I've paid my dues, and there's nothing wrong with making this more widely available to people, since I deeply believe it.'"[23]

Bibliography (selection)[edit]

  • Langer, Ellen J. (1989).Mindfulness.Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.ISBN978-0-201-52341-6.
  • Langer, Ellen J. (1997).The Power of Mindful Learning.Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.ISBN978-0-201-33991-8.
  • Langer, Ellen J. (2005).On Becoming an Artist.New York: Ballantine Books.ISBN978-0-345-45629-8.
  • Langer, Ellen J. (2009).Counter clockwise: mindful health and the power of possibility.New York: Ballantine Books.ISBN978-0-345-50204-9.

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdHilts, Philip J (September 23, 1997)."Scientist At Work: Ellen Langer; A Scholar of the Absent Mind".The New York Times.RetrievedNovember 4,2014.
  2. ^abFeinberg, Cara (2010)."The Mindfulness Chronicles".Harvard Magazine.RetrievedApril 11,2015.
  3. ^"season 2 episode 9 - be confident in your uncertainty | Ellen Langer".The Artian.May 20, 2021.RetrievedMay 20,2021.
  4. ^"Counterclockwise".Ellen Langer.RetrievedJuly 19,2021.
  5. ^abcBennett, Drake (February 21, 2010)."Mind Power".The Boston Globe.RetrievedNovember 4,2014.
  6. ^abPsychCentral (February 27, 2010)."The Mother of Mindfulness, Ellen Langer".psychcentral.RetrievedNovember 4,2014.
  7. ^abcLanger, Ellen."Ellen Langer Bio".ellenlanger.RetrievedNovember 4,2014.
  8. ^Grierson, Bruce (October 22, 2014)."What if Age is Nothing but a Mindset?".New York Times.RetrievedSeptember 20,2018.
  9. ^Astin, John; Shapiro, Shauna; Eisenberg, David; Forys, Kelly (March 1, 2003)."Mind-Body Medicine: State of the Science, Implications for Practice".Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine.16(2): 131–47.doi:10.3122/jabfm.16.2.131.PMID12665179.
  10. ^Dolan, Eric W. (February 2, 2024)."Surprising link between time perception and wound healing revealed in Harvard psychology study".PsyPost.RetrievedFebruary 2,2024.
  11. ^Gelman, Andrew; Brown, Nicholas J. L. (May 14, 2024)."How statistical challenges and misreadings of the literature combine to produce unreplicable science: An example from psychology".osf.io.RetrievedJune 20,2024.
  12. ^Alexander (Ed.), Charles; Langer (Ed.), Ellen (1990).Higher stages of human development: Perspectives on adult growth.New York, NY: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0195034837.RetrievedSeptember 20,2018.
  13. ^Langer, Ellen (1989).Mindfulness.Boston, MA: Da Capo Press.ISBN978-0-7382-1800-7.
  14. ^"Ellen Langer's reversing aging experiment – Business Insider".
  15. ^Pagnini, Francesco (July 26, 2021).Ageing as a Mindset: A Counterclockwise Experiment to Rejuvenate Older Adults(Report). clinicaltrials.gov.
  16. ^Rodin, Judith; Langer, Ellen J. (1977). "Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged".Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.35(12): 897–902.doi:10.1037/0022-3514.35.12.897.PMID592095.
  17. ^Rodin, Judith; Langer, Ellen J. (December 1977)."Erratum to Rodin and Langer".Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.35[12]: 897–902.RetrievedJanuary 11,2024.
  18. ^Pirson, Michael; Langer, Ellen; Bodner, Todd; Zilcha-Mano, Sigal (October 9, 2012). "The Development and Validation of the Langer Mindfulness Scale - Enabling a Socio-Cognitive Perspective of Mindfulness in Organizational Contexts".Fordham University Schools of Business Research Paper:54.SSRN2158921.
  19. ^Spiegel, Alix."Hotel Maids Challenge the Placebo Effect".NPR.org.
  20. ^ab"Ellen Langer - Science of Mindlessness and Mindfulness".On Being with Krista Tippett.RetrievedSeptember 11,2015.
  21. ^Scholar, Harvard."Ellen Langer, Research".scholar.harvard.edu.RetrievedNovember 4,2014.
  22. ^"John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | All Fellows".Archived fromthe originalon November 10, 2020.RetrievedMarch 4,2020.
  23. ^abGrierson, Bruce (October 22, 2014)."What if Age Is Nothing but a Mind-Set?".The New York Times.

External links[edit]

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