Elmore Leonard
Elmore Leonard | |
|---|---|
 Leonard at the 70th AnnualPeabody AwardsLuncheon, 2011 | |
| Born | Elmore John Leonard Jr. October 11, 1925 New Orleans,Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | August 20, 2013(aged 87) Bloomfield Hills, Michigan,U.S. |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Alma mater | University of Detroit |
| Genre | |
| Spouse |
|
| Children | 5, includingPeter |
| Relatives | Megan Freels Johnston(granddaughter) |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service/ |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1943–1946 |
| Rank |  Petty officer third class |
| Unit |  Seabees |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Elmore John Leonard Jr.(October 11, 1925 – August 20, 2013) was an American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter. His earliest novels, published in the 1950s, wereWesterns,but he went on to specialize incrime fictionandsuspense thrillers,many of which have been adapted into motion pictures. Among his best-known works areHombre,Swag,City Primeval,LaBrava,Glitz,Freaky Deaky,Get Shorty,Rum Punch,Out of SightandTishomingo Blues.
Leonard's short story "Three-Ten to Yuma"was adapted as3:10 to Yuma,which wasremade in 2007.Rum Punchwas adapted as theQuentin TarantinofilmJackie Brown(1997).Get Shortywas adapted into aneponymous film,and in 2017 it was adapted into atelevision series of the same name.His writings were also the basis forThe Tall T,as well as theFXtelevision seriesJustifiedandJustified: City Primeval.Among other honors, he won the 2009 Pen Lifetime Award[1]and the 2012 Medal For Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.[2][3]
Anthony LaneofThe New Yorkerwrote that Leonard
was hailed as one of the best crime writers in the land. High praise, but not quite high enough, and some way off the mark. He was one of the best writers, and he happened to write about crime. Even that is not entirely accurate. It's true that his novels (more than forty of them, with another left unfinished at his death) enjoyed the company of criminals and of those who tried to stop them in their tracks. This was seldom hard, since, as Leonard delighted in showing us, crime—more than anything, even politics—allows men of all ages to disport themselves across the full range of human ineptitude. Boy, do they screw up.[4]
Early life and education
[edit]Leonard was born inNew Orleans,Louisiana,the son of Flora Amelia (née Rive) and Elmore John Leonard.[5]Because his father worked as a site locator forGeneral Motors,the family moved frequently for several years. In 1934, the family settled inDetroit.In the 1930s, there were two news items that would influence many of Leonard's works.[6][7]From 1931, until they were killed in May 1934,gangstersBonnie and Clydewere on a rampage. In 1934, thebaseballteam theDetroit Tigersmade it to theWorld Series,winning the Series in 1935. Leonard developed lifelong fascinations with sports and crime. He graduated from theUniversity of Detroit Jesuit High Schoolin 1943 and, after being rejected for theMarinesfor weak eyesight, immediately joined theNavy,where he served with theSeabeesfor three years in theSouth Pacific,where he earned the nickname "Dutch", after Tigers pitcherDutch Leonard.[8]Enrolling at theUniversity of Detroitin 1946, he pursued writing more seriously, entering short stories in contests and submitting then to magazines for publication. He graduated in 1950[9]with a bachelor's degree in English and philosophy. A year before he graduated, he got a job as acopy writerwith Campbell-Ewald Advertising Agency, a position he kept for several years, writing on the side.[9]
Career
[edit]Leonard had his first success in 1951 whenArgosymagazine published his short story "Trail of the Apaches".[10]: 29 During the 1950s and early '60s, he continued writing Westerns, publishing more than 30 short stories. His debut novel,The Bounty Hunters,was published in 1953 and was followed by four more Westerns. His early work already showed his affection for outsiders and underdogs. He developed his characters through dialogue, each defined by their manner of speech. In many stories, he favoredArizonaandNew Mexicoas settings.[11]Five of his westerns were adapted as movies before 1972:The Tall T(1957),3:10 to Yuma(1957),Hombre(1967),Valdez Is Coming(1971), andJoe Kidd(1972).
In 1969, his first crime story,The Big Bounce,was published byGold Medal Books.Leonard differed from well-known names writing in this genre—he was less interested in melodrama than in his characters and in realistic dialogue. He wrote the screenplay for, and the novelization of,Mr. Majestyk(both 1974); Anthony Lane called the latter "the best novel ever written about a melon grower."[4]The stories were often located in Detroit but he also liked to useSouth Floridaas a setting.LaBrava,a 1983 novel set in the latter locale, was praised in aNew York Timesreview, which said Leonard moved from mystery suspense short story writer to novelist.[12]His next novel,Glitz(1985), anAtlantic Citygambling story, was his breakout in the crime genre. It spent 16 weeks onThe New York TimesBest Seller list,and his subsequent crime novels were all bestsellers.[13][14]In his review ofGlitz,Stephen Kingplaced Leonard in the company ofRaymond Chandler,Dashiell HammettandJohn D. MacDonald.[15] Leonard believed that his books during the 1980s were becoming funnier and that he was developing a style that was more free and easy. His own favorites wereFreaky Deaky(1988), about ex-hippiecriminals and theDixie MafiastoryTishomingo Blues(2002).[16] Some of Leonard's characters appear in several novels, including mobster Chili Palmer, bank robber Jack Foley and theU. S. MarshalsCarl Webster andRaylan Givens.[17][18]
At the time of his death his novels had sold tens of millions of copies.[19] Among film adaptations of his work areJackie Brown,(1997), based onRum Punchand described as an "homage to the author's trademark rhythm and pace";[19]Get Shorty(1995);Out of Sight(1998) and the TV seriesJustified(2010—2015) andJustified: City Primeval(2023—).[20]Nearly thirty movies were made from Leonard's novels, but for somecriticshis special style worked best in print.[4]
Personal life
[edit]He married Beverly Clare Cline in 1949, and they had five children together—two daughters and three sons[21]—before divorcing in 1977. His second marriage in 1979, to Joan Leanne Lancaster (aka Joan Shepard), ended with her death in 1993. Later that same year, he married Christine Kent and they divorced in 2012.[22][23]Leonard spent the last years of his life with his family inOakland County, Michigan.He suffered astrokeon July 29, 2013. Initial reports stated that he was recovering,[24]but on August 20, 2013, Leonard died at his home in the Detroit suburb ofBloomfield Hillsof stroke complications.[25]He was 87 years old.[22][23]One of Leonard's grandchildren is Alex Leonard, the drummer in the Detroit bandProtomartyr.[26]
Style and influence
[edit]Commended by critics for his grittyrealismand strongdialogue,Leonard sometimes took liberties withgrammarin the interest of speeding the story along.[27]In his essay "Elmore Leonard's Ten Rules of Writing" he said: "My most important rule is one that sums up the 10: If it sounds like writing, I rewrite it." He also said: "I try to leave out the parts that readers tend to skip."[27]
Leonard has been called "theDickensof Detroit "because of his intimate portraits of people from that city, though he said," If I lived inBuffalo,I'd write about Buffalo. "[10]: 90 His favorite epithet was given to him by Britain'sNew Musical Express:"the poet laureate of wild assholes with revolvers".[28]His ear for dialogue has been praised by writers such asSaul BellowandMartin Amis."Your prose makes Raymond Chandler look clumsy," Amis told Leonard at aWriters Guildevent inBeverly Hillsin 1998.[29]Stephen Kingcalled Leonard "the great American writer."[30]According to Charles Rzepka ofBoston University,Leonard's mastery offree indirect discourse,a third-person narrative technique that gives the illusion of immediate access to a character's thoughts, "is unsurpassed in our time, and among the surest of all time, even if we includeJane Austen,Gustave Flaubert,andHemingwayin the mix. "[31]
Leonard often cited Hemingway as his most important influence, but also criticized his lack of humor.[32]Still, it was Leonard's affection for Hemingway, and forGeorge V. Higgins,that led him to will his personal papers to theUniversity of South Carolina,where many of Hemingway's and Higgins' papers are archived. Leonard's papers reside at the university'sIrvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.[33][34]John Steinbeckwas another influence.[citation needed]
Leonard in turn had a very strong influence on a generation of crime writers that followed him, among themGeorge Pelecanos,Michael Connelly,Dennis Lehane,andLaura Lippman.[35]
Anthony Lane praised Leonard's ear for dialogue, comparing him to Dickens andEvelyn Waugh:
"Leonard can make do with a single letter, or a blank where a letter is meant to be. 'What in the hell's a Albanian?,' a guy named Clement asks in Chapter 4 ofCity Primeval(1980). Typesetters may have pounced upon what they took to be a typo, but Leonard never misheard. In that respect, as in others, he was less like Hemingway—of whom he was a fan, and to whom he was often compared—than like Dickens, another city kid with his nose and ear to the ground... One proof of literary genius, we might say, is a democratic generosity toward your mother tongue—the conviction that every part or particle of speech, be it e'er so humble, can be put to fruitful use... He is gone now, but he left us a fine consolation: if you've never read him, or if you'd never heard of him until yesterday, or if you merely need a fitting way to mourn, pick up52 Pick-Up,LaBrava,Swag,orGlitz,and tune into the voices of America—calling loud and clear, and largely ungrammatical, from Atlantic City, Miami, Hollywood, and his home turf of Detroit. Elmore Leonard got them right, and did them proud. As Clement would say, he was a author. "[4]
Awards and honors
[edit]- 1984Edgar Awardfor Best Mystery Novel of 1983 forLaBrava.
- 1992 Grand Master Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Mystery Writers of America[36]
- 2008 F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Award for outstanding achievement in American literature; received during the 13th Annual F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Conference held atMontgomery CollegeinRockville, Maryland,United States.[37]
- 2010Peabody Award,FX'sJustified[38]
- 2012National Book Award,Medal for Distinguished Contribution[39]
Leonard has been anthologized by theLibrary of Americain four volumes:Westerns(Last Stand at Saber River,Hombre,Valdez is Coming,Forty Lashes Less Oneand eight short stories);Four Novels of the 1970s(Fifty-Two Pickup,Swag,Unknown Man No. 89,The Switch);Four Novels of the 1980s(City Primeval,LaBrava,Glitz,Freaky Deaky) andFour Later Novels(Get Shorty,Rum Punch,Out of Sight,Tishomingo Bluesand the short story "Karen Makes Out".)[40]
Works
[edit]Novels
[edit]Leonard also contributed one chapter (the twelfth of thirteen) to the 1996Miami Heraldparody serial novelNaked Came the Manatee(ISBN0-449-00124-5).
Collections
[edit] |
| Year | Collection | ISBN |
|---|---|---|
| 1998 | The Tonto Woman and Other Western Stories | ISBN0-385-32387-5 |
| 2002 | When the Women Come Out to Dance Later reprint retitledFire in the Hole |
ISBN0-060-58616-8 |
| 2004 | The Complete Western Stories of Elmore Leonard | ISBN0-060-72425-0 |
| 2006 | Moment of Vengeance and Other Stories | ISBN0-060-72428-5 |
| 2006 | Blood Money and Other Stories | ISBN0-06-125487-8 |
| 2006 | Three-Ten To Yuma and Other Stories | ISBN0-06-133677-7 |
| 2007 | Trail of the Apache and Other Stories | ISBN0-06-112165-7 |
| 2009 | Comfort to the Enemy and Other Carl Webster Stories | ISBN0-297-85668-5 |
| 2014 | Charlie Martz and Other Stories: The Unpublished Stories of Elmore Leonard | ISBN0-297-60979-3 |
Short stories
[edit] |
| Year | Story | First appearance | Film adaptation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1951-12 | "Trail of the Apache" | Argosy | |
| 1952-05 | "Apache Medicine" | Dime Western Magazine | |
| 1952-09 | "You Never See Apaches..." | Dime Western Magazine | |
| 1952-10 | "Red Hell Hits Diablo Canyon" | 10 Story Western Magazine | |
| 1952-11 | "The Colonel's Lady" | Zane Grey's Western | |
| 1952-12 | "Law of the Hunted Ones" | Western Story Magazine | |
| 1952-12 | "Cavalry Boots" | Zane Grey's Western | |
| 1953-01 | "Under the Friar's Ledge" | Dime Western Magazine | |
| 1953-02 | "The Rustlers" | Zane Grey's Western | |
| 1953-03 | "Three-Ten to Yuma" | Dime Western Magazine | 1957 –3:10 to Yuma 2007 –3:10 to Yuma |
| 1953-04 | "The Big Hunt" | Western Story Magazine | |
| 1953-05 | "Long Night" | Zane Grey's Western | |
| 1953-06 | "The Boy Who Smiled" | Gunsmoke | |
| 1953-08 | "The Hard Way" | Zane Grey's Western | |
| 1953-09 | "The Last Shot" | Fifteen Western Tales | |
| 1953-10 | "Blood Money" | Western Story Magazine | |
| 1953-10 | "Trouble at Rindo's Station" | Argosy | |
| 1954-10 | "Saint with a Six-Gun" | Argosy | |
| 1955-02 | "The Captives" | Argosy | 1957 –The Tall T |
| 1955-08 | "No Man's Guns" | Western Story Roundup | |
| 1955-09 | "The Rancher's Lady" | Western Magazine | |
| 1955-12 | "Jugged" | Western Magazine | |
| 1956-04-21 | "Moment of Vengeance" | Saturday Evening Post | |
| 1956-09 | "Man with the Iron Arm" | Complete Western Book | |
| 1956-10 | "The Longest Day of His Life" | Western Novel and Short Stories | |
| 1956-11 | "The Nagual" | 2-Gun Western | |
| 1956-12 | "The Kid" | Western Short Stories | |
| 1958-06 | "The Treasure of Mungo's Landing" | True Adventures | |
| 1961 | "Only Good Ones" | Western Roundup | Later expanded to the novel and adapted asValdez is Coming |
| 1982 | "The Tonto Woman" | Roundup | 2007 – Academy Awards nominated Live Action Short |
| 1994 | "Hurrah for Captain Early!" | New Trails | |
| 1996 | "Karen Makes Out" | Murder For Love – Delacorte Press 1996 | First episode in Karen Sisco TV series |
| 2001 | "Fire in the Hole" | ebook (ISBN0-062-12034-4) | 2010 – TV seriesJustified |
| 2001 | "Chickasaw Charlie Hoke" | Murderers' Row: Original Baseball Mysteries[41] | |
| 2005 | "Louly and Pretty Boy" | Dangerous Women - Mysterious Press 1996 | |
| 2012 | "Chick Killer" | McSweeney's - Issue 39 |
Screenplays
[edit]| Year | Title | Director | Co-writers |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | The Moonshine War | Richard Quine | |
| 1972 | Joe Kidd | John Sturges | |
| 1974 | Mr. Majestyk | Richard Fleischer | |
| 1980 | High Noon, Part II(TV) | Jerry Jameson | |
| 1985 | Stick | Burt Reynolds | Joseph Stinson |
| 1986 | 52 Pick-Up | John Frankenheimer | John Steppling |
| 1987 | The Rosary Murders | Fred Walton | William X. Kienzle& Fred Walton |
| Desperado(TV Movie) | Virgil W. Vogel | ||
| 1989 | Cat Chaser | Abel Ferrara | James Borelli |
Audiobooks
[edit]Nearly all of Leonard's novels have been performed as audiobooks. A number of them (includingThe Big Bounce,Be CoolandThe Tonto Woman) have been recorded more than once resulting in over 60 English-language audiobook versions of his novels.[42]Many of the earlier recordings were abridgements, the last of which wasPagan Babies(2000) read bySteve Buscemi.Certain narrators have dominated the Elmore Leonard oeuvre, notablyFrank Muller(11 audiobooks), Grover GardnerakaAlexander Adams (7),George Guidall(5), Mark Hammer (5), andJoe Mantegna(5). Other notable Leonard narrators includeLiev Schreiber,Neil Patrick Harris,Tom Wopat,Arliss Howard,Joe Morton,Taye Diggs,Brian Dennehy,Bruce Boxleitner,Tom Skerritt,Robert Forster,Dylan Baker,Paul Rudd,Keith Carradine,Ed Asner,andHenry Rollins.[42][43]
Nonfiction
[edit]- 10 Rules of Writing(2007)
- Foreword toWalter Mirisch's bookI Thought We Were Making Movies, Not History
Adaptations
[edit]Twenty-six of Leonard's novels and short stories have been adapted for the screen (19 as motion pictures and another seven as television programs).
Film
[edit]Numerous Leonard novels and short stories have been adapted as films includingGet Shorty(1990 novel, 1995 film),Out of Sight(1996 novel, 1998 film) andRum Punch(1992 novel, 1997 filmJackie Brown). The novel52 Pickupwas first adapted very loosely into the 1984 filmThe Ambassador(1984), starringRobert Mitchumand, two years later, under the slightly altered52 Pick-Uptitle starringRoy Scheider.Leonard has also written several screenplays based on his novels, plus original screenplays such asJoe Kidd(1972). The filmHombre(1967), starring Paul Newman, was an adaptation of Leonard's 1961eponymous novel.His short story "Three-Ten to Yuma"(March 1953) and novelsThe Big Bounce(1969) and52 Pickup(1974) have each been filmed twice.
Other novels filmed include:
- 3:10 to Yuma(withGlenn FordandVan Heflin)
- Hombre(withPaul Newman)
- Mr. Majestyk(withCharles Bronson)
- Jackie Brown(Pam Grier,Samuel L. Jackson,Robert De Niro) fromRum Punch
- The Big Bounce(withRyan O'Neal)
- Valdez Is Coming(withBurt Lancaster)
- 52 Pick-Up(withRoy Scheider,Ann Margaret)
- Stick(withBurt Reynolds)
- The Moonshine War(withAlan AldaandPatrick McGoohan)
- Last Stand at Saber River(withTom Selleck)
- Gold Coast(withDavid Caruso)
- Glitz(withJimmy Smits)
- The Ambassador(Robert Mitchum,Rock Hudson,Ellen Burstyn)
- Cat Chaser(withPeter Weller)
- Out of Sight(George Clooney,Jennifer Lopez,Don Cheadle)
- Touch(withChristopher Walken)
- Pronto(withPeter Falk)
- Be Cool(withJohn Travolta,Harvey Keitel,Uma Thurman)
- The Big Bounce(withMorgan Freeman,Owen Wilson,Gary Sinese)
- Killshot(Diane Lane,Mickey Rourke).
- Get Shorty(withJohn Travolta,Gene Hackman,Danny Devito)
- Freaky Deaky(withChristian Slater)
- Life of Crime(Jennifer Aniston) (fromThe Switch)
- 3:10 to Yuma(withChristian Bale,Russell Crowe,Peter Fonda)
Quentin Tarantino has optioned the right to adapt Leonard's novelForty Lashes Less One(1972).[44]
Television
[edit]- In 1992, Leonard played himself in a script he wrote and, with actor Paul Lazar dramatizing a scene from the novelSwag,appeared in a humorous television short about his writing process which aired on theByline Showtimeseries onShowtime Networks.
- The 2010–15FXseriesJustifiedwas based around the popular Leonard character U.S. MarshalRaylan Givensfrom the novelsPronto,Riding the Rap,the eponymousRaylan,and the short story "Fire in the Hole".
- The short-lived 1998 TV seriesMaximum Bobwas based on Leonard's 1991 novel of the same name. It aired on ABC for seven episodes and starredBeau Bridges.
- The TV seriesKaren Sisco(2003–04) starringCarla Guginowas based on the U.S. Marshall character from the filmOut of Sight(1998) played byJennifer Lopez.
- The 2017EpixseriesGet Shortyis based on the novel of the same.[45]
References
[edit]- ^Itzkoff, Dave (September 30, 2009)."Pen Lifetime Award For Elmore Leonard".The New York Times.
- ^Bosman, Julie (September 19, 2012)."Elmore Leonard to Be Honored by National Book Foundation".The New York Times.
- ^"For Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, National Book Foundation, medal, 2012".archives.library.sc.edu.2012.
- ^abcdLane, Anthony(August 21, 2013)."The Dutch Accent: Elmore Leonard's Talk".The New Yorker.Archivedfrom the original on July 12, 2019.RetrievedDecember 5,2018.
- ^Ells, Kevin (January 31, 2011)."Elmore Leonard Jr.".Encyclopedia of Louisiana.Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities (published August 21, 2013). Archived fromthe originalon August 22, 2013.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^Masters, Kristin (August 20, 2013)."Remembering Elmore Leonard".Books Tell You Why.
- ^"U.S. crime writer Elmore Leonard dead at 87".Today.August 20, 2013.
- ^Jesse Thorn(July 3, 2007)."Podcast: TSOYA: Elmore Leonard".Maximum Fun(Podcast). Archived fromthe originalon January 6, 2018.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^ab"Elmore Leonard > About the Author".Random House.Archived fromthe originalon March 25, 2015.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^abChallen, Paul C. (2000).Get Dutch!: a biography of Elmore Leonard.Toronto:ECW Press.ISBN978-1550224221.OCLC44674355.
- ^Ward, Nathan (May 16, 2018)."Elmore Leonard's gritty westerns".Crimereads.Archivedfrom the original on May 1, 2020.RetrievedDecember 2,2018.
- ^Mitgang, Herbert(October 23, 1993)."Novelist discovered after 23 books".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on November 25, 2018.RetrievedDecember 2,2018.
- ^"I am glad, I am not a screenwriter".British Film Institute.May 9, 2006.Archivedfrom the original on December 5, 2017.RetrievedDecember 2,2018.
- ^Acocella, Joan(September 24, 2015)."The Elmore Leonard Story".The New York Review of Books.Archivedfrom the original on November 1, 2019.RetrievedDecember 2,2018.
- ^King, Stephen(February 10, 1985)."What Went Down When Magyk Went Up".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on December 7, 2018.RetrievedDecember 2,2018.
- ^McGilligan, Patrick(March 30, 1998)."Elmore Leonard interviewed by Patrick McGilligan: On writing and movies".Film Comment.Archivedfrom the original on March 28, 2019.RetrievedDecember 5,2018.
- ^"Elmore Leonard".fantasticfiction.Archivedfrom the original on April 19, 2019.RetrievedDecember 5,2018.
- ^"The 10 best Elmore Leonard stories".rogerpacker.August 27, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on March 28, 2019.RetrievedDecember 5,2018.
- ^abHinds, Julie (August 21, 2013). "Novelist elevated crime thriller, mastered dialogue".Detroit Free Press.p. A1.
- ^"Elmore Leonard, writer of sharp, colorful crime stories, dead at 87 - CNN".CNN.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2019.RetrievedAugust 25,2013.
- ^Leonard, Elmore (2009).Comfort to the enemy and other Carl Webster tales.London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN978-0297856689.OCLC302068307.RetrievedAugust 20,2013.
- ^abWhitall, Susan (August 20, 2013)."Elmore Leonard, the 'Dickens of Detroit,' wrote with gritty flair".Entertainment.The Detroit News.Archived fromthe originalon August 20, 2013.RetrievedAugust 20,2013.
- ^abStasio, Marilyn(August 20, 2013)."Elmore Leonard, Who Refined the Crime Thriller, Dies".Books.The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2020.RetrievedAugust 20,2013.
- ^Whitall, Susan (August 5, 2013)."Elmore Leonard in hospital recovering from stroke".Entertainment.The Detroit News.Archived fromthe originalon August 24, 2013.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^"Photos: Elmore Leonard dies".Arizona Daily Star.August 20, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on August 22, 2013.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^Lipez, Zachary (December 23, 2015)."Second Impressions of Protomartyr".Vice.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2020.RetrievedJuly 18,2019.
- ^abLeonard, Elmore (July 16, 2001)."Writers on Writing; Easy on the Adverbs, Exclamation Points and Especially Hooptedoodle".Arts.The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2020.RetrievedAugust 20,2013.
- ^The Telegraph, 20 August 2013ArchivedNovember 15, 2020, at theWayback Machine.Retrieved January 22, 2017
- ^Leonard, Elmore (January 23, 1998)."Martin Amis interviews Elmore Leonard"(PDF)(Interview). Interviewed byAmis, Martin.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 9, 2013.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^King, Stephen(February 1, 2007)."The Tao of Steve".Entertainment Weekly.Archived fromthe originalon March 15, 2011.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^Rzepka, Charles (2013).Being Cool: The Work of Elmore Leonard.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 21.ISBN9781421410159.
- ^Mark Lawson,"Best-selling novelist Elmore Leonard, master of verbal tics and black humour"ArchivedNovember 15, 2020, at theWayback Machine,The Guardian,August 20, 2013.
- ^"Elmore Leonard's Papers (and Hawaiian Shirts) Go to University of South Carolina".October 16, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon May 11, 2015.RetrievedNovember 27,2014.
- ^"Elmore Leonard archive goes to South Carolina".October 15, 2014.RetrievedNovember 27,2014.
- ^McClurg, Jocelyn and Carol Memmott (August 20, 2013)."Author Elmore Leonard dies at 87".USA Today.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2020.RetrievedMay 21,2019.
- ^"Edgar Award Winners and Nominees Database".Mystery Writers of America.search using surname Leonard. Archived fromthe originalon October 22, 2014.RetrievedAugust 21,2013.
- ^"Past Honorees".cms.montgomerycollege.edu.Archived fromthe originalon November 15, 2020.RetrievedMay 12,2016.
- ^"2010 Peabody Recipients".Archived fromthe originalon November 15, 2020.RetrievedAugust 22,2013.
- ^Flood, Alison (September 20, 2012)."Elmore Leonard to be honoured by National Book Foundation".Books.The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 20,2012.
- ^"Elmore Leonard".Library of America.
- ^Penzler, Otto, ed. (2001).Murderers' Row Original Baseball Mysteries(First ed.). CA: New Millennium Entertainment.ISBN978-1893224254.
- ^ab"Elmore Leonard audiobooks".Audible.
- ^Stim, Richard (August–September 2007)."Have I told you about my Elmore Leonard audiobook collection?"(PDF).AudiOpinion.AudioFile.pp. 14–15. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on November 26, 2012.
- ^Kirk (August 17, 2009)."Tarantino's Lost Projects: '40 Lashes Less One'".We Are Movie Geeks.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2020.RetrievedAugust 5,2015.
- ^Petski, Denise (May 16, 2017)."'Get Shorty' Gets Premiere Date On Epix; Unveils First-Look Photos ".Archivedfrom the original on November 16, 2018.RetrievedMay 16,2017.
External links
[edit]
- Official websiteArchivedFebruary 3, 2018, at theWayback Machine
- Elmore LeonardatIMDb
- Elmore LeonardatFind a Grave
- Elmore LeonardatCurlie
- The Economist:31 August 2013 ObituaryElmore Leonard, crime-fiction writer, died on August 20, aged 87
- Elmore Leonard's career
- Elmore Leonard on fantasticfiction
- Elmore Leonard Archiveat the University of South Carolina Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.
- 1925 births
- 2013 deaths
- 20th-century American male writers
- 20th-century American novelists
- 21st-century American male writers
- 21st-century American novelists
- American crime fiction writers
- American male novelists
- American male short story writers
- American Noir writers
- American Western (genre) novelists
- Burials at Greenwood Cemetery (Birmingham, Michigan)
- Cartier Diamond Dagger winners
- Edgar Award winners
- Military personnel from Louisiana
- Military personnel from New Orleans
- Novelists from Florida
- Novelists from Louisiana
- Novelists from Michigan
- People from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
- Seabees
- United States Navy personnel of World War II
- United States Navy sailors
- University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy alumni
- University of Detroit Mercy alumni
- Writers from Detroit
- Writers from New Orleans
- Writers of books about writing fiction