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Emperor Kazan

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Emperor Kazan
Hoa sơn thiên hoàng
Emperor of Japan
ReignSeptember 24, 984 – August 1, 986
EnthronementNovember 5, 984
PredecessorEn'yū
SuccessorIchijō
BornNovember 29, 968
Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
DiedMarch 17, 1008(1008-03-17)(aged 39)
Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
Burial
Kamiyagawa no hotori no misasagi( giấy phòng xuyên thượng lăng ) (Kyoto)
Issue
more...
  • Prince Kiyohito
  • Prince Akinori
  • Kakugen
  • Shinkan
Posthumous name
Tsuigō:
Emperor Kazan (Hoa sơn việnorHoa sơn thiên hoàng)
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherEmperor Reizei
MotherFujiwara no Kaishi

Emperor Kazan(Hoa sơn thiên hoàng,Kazan-tennō,November 29, 968 – March 17, 1008)was the 65themperorofJapan,[1]according to the traditionalorder of succession.[2]

Kazan's reign spanned the years from 984 through 986.[3]

Biography

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Before his ascension to theChrysanthemum Throne,his personal name (imina) was Morosada-shinnō( sư trinh thân vương ).[4]

Morasada was the eldest son ofEmperor Reizei.The prince's mother was Fujiwara no Kaneko/Kaishi( đằng nguyên hoài tử ), who was a daughter ofsesshōFujiwara no Koretada.Morasada was also the brother ofEmperor Sanjō.[5]

Events of Kazan's life

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Emperor Kazan, who was fooled into abdicating, on his way to the temple where he will become a Buddhist monk – woodblock prin by Yoshitoshi Tsukioka (1839–1892).

Prince Morasada was seventeen years of age at the time of the succession.[6]

  • October 6, 984(Eikan1, 27th day of the 8th month): In the 15th year of Emperor En'yu's reign ( yên dung thiên hoàng mười lăm năm ), he abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by a nephew. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Kazan is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[7]

He commissioned theShūi Wakashū.

  • 985(Kanna1, 4th month): Fujiwara no Tokiakira and his brother, Yasusuke, contended with Fujiwara no Sukitaka and Ōe-no Masahira in a sword fight in Kyoto. Masahira lost the fingers of his left hand. The two brothers fled; and after careful searching, Tokiakira was eventually located inŌmi Province.[5]

He faced a tough political struggle from theFujiwara family;and at the age of nineteen, he was manipulated into abandoning the throne byFujiwara no Kaneie.Kaneie told him that Ichijo (Kaneie's maternal grandson) already held theRegalia,and that there was no purpose in Kazan continuing to rule. Under some pressure, Kazan acquiesced, and went to theGangyō-jitemple. He was accompanied by Kaneie's second son,Michikane,who was also to enter religion. When they arrived, however, Michikane said he would like to see his parents one final time while he was still a layman. Michikane never came back.

  • 986(Kanna 2, 6th month): Kazan abdicated, and took up residence atGangyō-jiwhere he became a Buddhist monk; and his new priestly name was Nyūkaku.[8]
  • August 23, 986(Kanna 2, 16th day of the 7th month): Iyasada-shinnōwas appointed asheirandcrown princeat age 11.[9]This followed the convention that two imperial lineages took the throne in turn, although Emperor Ichijō was in fact Iyasada's junior. He thus gained thenicknameSakasa-no moke-no kimi(the imperial heir in reverse). When Emperor Kanzan abandoned the world for holy orders, one grandson of Kaneie ascended to the throne as Emperor Ichijō (the 66th sovereign); and in due course, another grandson would follow on the throne as Emperor Sanjō (the 67th sovereign).[10]

Nyūkaku went on variouspilgrimagesand 're-founded' theSaigoku Kannon Pilgrimage,which was established in the early 8th century by a monk to the name of Tokudo Shonin. This pilgrimage involves travelling to 33 locations across the eight provinces of the Western Japan.

Some scholars[who?]doubt that Kazan, in his unstable mental condition at the time was involved with the founding of the pilgrimage, thereby leaving all of the credit to Shonin.

It is suggested by many scholars[who?]that the mental health of Kazan, particularly in later life, was not stable; and therefore, living as a monk may have caused deteriorating behavior.

Decorative emblems (kiri) of the Hosokawa clan are found atRyōan-ji.Kazan is amongst six other emperors entombed near what had been the residence ofHosokawa Katsumotobefore theŌnin War.

Daijō-tennōKazan died at the age of 41 on the 8th day of the 2nd month of the fifth year ofKankō(1008).[11]

The actual site of Kazan'sgraveis known.[1]This emperor is traditionally venerated at amemorialShinto shrine(misasagi) at Kyoto.

TheImperial Household Agencydesignates this location as Kazan'smausoleum.It is formally namedKamiya no hotori no misasagi.[12]

He is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryōan-ji Temple in Kyoto.[13]The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Kazan is today namedKinugasa-yama.The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Kazan died. These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[14]

Kugyō

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Kugyō(Công khanh)is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of theEmperor of Japanin pre-Meijieras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Kazan's reign, this apex of theDaijō-kanincluded:

Eras of Kazan's reign

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The years of Kazan's reign are more specifically identified by more than oneera nameornengō.[5]

Consorts and children

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Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara noShishi( đằng nguyên 忯 tử; 969–985),Fujiwara no Tamemitsu’s daughter

Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara noTeishi( đằng nguyên thị tử; d.1035),Fujiwara no Yoritada’s daughter

Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara noChōshi( đằng nguyên Diêu tử; 971–989), Fujiwara no Asateru's daughter

Consort (Nyōgo): Princess Enshi ( uyển con cái vương; 972–998), Imperial Prince Tamehira's daughter

Nakatsukasa ( trung vụ ), Taira no Sukeyuki's daughter, – Nurse of Emperor Kazan

  • Imperial Prince Kiyohito ( thanh nhân thân vương; ca. 998–1030) – Ancestor of Shirakawa family ( bạch xuyên gia )
  • princess (d.1024),Fujiwara noShoshi’s lady-in-waiting
  • princess

Nakatsukasa ( trung vụ ), Taira noHeishi( thường thường tử ), Taira no Suketada's daughter

  • Imperial Prince Akinori ( chiêu đăng thân vương; 998–1035)
  • princess
  • princess

(from unknown women)

  • Kakugen (覚 nguyên; 1000–1065), a Buddhist monk (Gon-no-Sōjō, 権 tăng chính )
  • Shinkan ( thâm quan; 1001–1050), a Buddhist monk (Gon-no-Daisōzu, 権 đại tăng đều )

Ancestry

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[16]

Notes

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Japanese Imperial kamon— a stylizedchrysanthemumblossom
  1. ^abImperial Household Agency(Kunaichō):Hoa sơn thiên hoàng (65)
  2. ^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959).The Imperial House of Japan,p. 72.
  3. ^Brown, Delmeret al.(1979).Gukanshō,pp. 300–302; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki,p. 192; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du japon,pp. 148–150.,p. 148, atGoogle Books
  4. ^Titsingh, p. 148; Varley, p. 192; Brown, p. 264; prior toEmperor Jomei,the personal names of the emperors (theirimina) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
  5. ^abcTitsingh, p. 148.
  6. ^Titsingh, p. 148; Brown, p. 300.
  7. ^Titsingh, p. 148; Brown, pp. 300; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act ofsensois unrecognized prior toEmperor Tenji;and all sovereigns exceptJitō,Yōzei,Go-Toba,andFushimihavesensoandsokuiin the same year until the reign ofEmperor Go-Murakami.
  8. ^Brown, p. 302.
  9. ^Brown, p. 307.
  10. ^Varley, p. 195.
  11. ^Brown, p. 306.
  12. ^Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.
  13. ^The "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji are the burial places ofUda,Kazan,Ichijō,Go-Suzaku,Go-Reizei,Go-Sanjō,andHorikawa.
  14. ^Moscher, G. (1978).Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide,pp. 277–278.
  15. ^abcBrown, p. 301.
  16. ^"Genealogy".Reichsarchiv(in Japanese). 30 April 2010.Retrieved8 April2018.

References

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See also

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Regnal titles
Preceded by Emperor of Japan:
Kazan
984–986 		Succeeded by
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