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Enrico Letta

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Enrico Letta
Letta in 2024
Prime Minister of Italy
In office
28 April 2013 – 22 February 2014
PresidentGiorgio Napolitano
DeputyAngelino Alfano
Preceded byMario Monti
Succeeded byMatteo Renzi
Secretary of the Democratic Party
In office
14 March 2021 – 12 March 2023
DeputyIrene Tinagli
Peppe Provenzano
Preceded byNicola Zingaretti
Succeeded byElly Schlein
Deputy Secretary of the Democratic Party
In office
7 November 2009 – 20 April 2013
SecretaryPier Luigi Bersani
Preceded byDario Franceschini
Succeeded byDebora Serracchiani
Lorenzo Guerini
Ministerial offices
Secretary of the Council of Ministers
In office
17 May 2006 – 8 May 2008
Prime MinisterRomano Prodi
Preceded byGianni Letta
Succeeded byGianni Letta
Minister of Industry, Commerce and Crafts
In office
22 December 1999 – 11 June 2001
Prime MinisterMassimo D'Alema
Giuliano Amato
Preceded byPier Luigi Bersani
Succeeded byAntonio Marzano
Minister for the Community Policies
In office
21 October 1998 – 22 December 1999
Prime MinisterMassimo D'Alema
Preceded byLamberto Dini
Succeeded byPatrizia Toia
Parliamentary offices
Member of theChamber of Deputies
Incumbent
Assumed office
6 October 2021
ConstituencyLombardy(since 2022)
Siena(2021–2022)
In office
30 May 2001 – 23 July 2015
ConstituencyMarche(2013–2015)
Lombardy II(2008–2013)
Lombardy I(2006–2008)
Piedmont I(2001–2004)
Member of the European Parliament
In office
14 June 2004 – 10 April 2006
ConstituencyNorth-East Italy
Personal details
Born(1966-08-20)20 August 1966(age 58)
Pisa,Tuscany,Italy
Political partyPD(2007–2015; since 2019)
Other political
affiliations		DC(before 1994)
PPI(1994–2002)
DL(2002–2007)
Height1.87 m (6 ft 2 in)
SpouseGianna Fregonara
Children3
Alma materUniversity of Pisa
Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
Profession
  • Politician
  • professor
Signature
Websiteenricoletta.it

Enrico Letta(Italian:[enˈriːkoˈlɛtta];born 20 August 1966) is an Italian politician who served asPrime Minister of Italyfrom April 2013 to February 2014, leading agrand coalitionofcentre-leftandcentre-rightparties.[1]He was theleaderof theDemocratic Party(PD) from March 2021 to March 2023.[2]He is currently theDeanofIE University’sSchool of Politics, Economics and Global Affairsin Madrid, Spain.[3]

After working as an academic, Letta entered politics in 1998 when he was appointed to the Cabinet asMinister for the Community Policies,a role he held until 1999 when he was promoted to becomeMinister of Industry, Commerce, and Crafts.In 2001, he left the Cabinet upon his election to theChamber of Deputies.From 2006 to 2008, he was appointedSecretary of the Council of Ministers.[4]In 2007, Letta was one of the senior founding members of the Democratic Party, and in 2009 was elected as its Deputy Secretary.[5]

After the2013 Italian general electionproduced an inconclusive result, and following negotiations between party leaders, PresidentGiorgio Napolitanogave him the task of forming anational unity government(Letta Cabinet), composed of Letta's PD, the centre-rightThe People of Freedom(PdL), and the centristCivic Choice,in order to mitigate the economic and social crises engulfing Italy as a result of theGreat Recession.Following an agreement between parties, Letta resigned as PD Deputy Secretary and was appointed Prime Minister of Italy on 28 April 2013.[6][7]His government tried to promote economic recovery by securing a funding deal from theEuropean Unionto alleviateyouth unemploymentand abolished theparty subsidies,something seen as a watershed moment forItalian politics,which for years had depended uponpublic funds.[8][9][10]Letta also faced the early stages of the2015 European migrant crisis,including the2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck,the deadliest shipwreck in the recent history of theMediterranean Sea;in response, Letta implementedOperation Mare Nostrumto patrol the maritime borders and rescue migrants.[11]

In November 2013, PdL leaderSilvio Berlusconiattempted to withdraw his party's support from the government in order to bring about a change of prime minister; in response, all of the cabinet's centre-right ministers chose to leave the PdL and formed a new party, saying they wished to continue supporting Letta. Despite securing his position, the election in December 2013 ofMatteo Renzias PD secretary brought significant leadership tensions within the PD to public view. After several weeks of denying that he would seek a change, Renzi publicly challenged Letta for the position of prime minister on 13 February 2014. Letta quickly lost the support of his colleagues and resigned as prime minister on 22 February.[12]

Following his resignation, Letta initially retired from politics, leaving Italy to accept appointment asdeanof theSchool of International AffairsatSciences PoinParis.[13]In March 2021, the PD secretaryNicola Zingarettiresigned after growing tensions within the party.[14]Many prominent members of the party asked Letta to become the new leader; after a few days, Letta announced that he would return to Italy to accept the candidacy, and he was elected as new secretary by the national assembly on 14 March 2021.[15][16]On 4 October 2021, Letta waselectedto the Chamber of Deputies for theSienadistrict.[17]

Early life and education

[edit]

Letta was born inPisa,Tuscany, to Giorgio Letta, anAbruzzo-born professor of mathematics who taughtprobability theoryat theUniversity of Pisa,member of theLincean Academyand of theNational Academy of the Sciences,and Anna Banchi, born inSassariand raised inPorto Torresof Tuscan and Sardinian origins.[18][19]Born into a numerous family, uncles on his father's side include the centre-right politicianGianni Letta,a close advisor ofSilvio Berlusconi,and the archeologist Cesare Letta, while one of his paternal aunts, Maria Teresa Letta, served as vice president of theItalian Red Cross;[18]a maternal great-uncle is the poet and playwright Gian Paolo Bazzoni.[19]

After spending part of his childhood inStrasbourg,[20]Letta completed his schooling in Italy at theliceo classicoGalileo Galilei in Pisa.[21]He has a degree inpolitical science,which he received from theUniversity of Pisaand subsequently obtained a PhD at theSant'Anna School of Advanced Studies,aGraduate Schoolwith university status.[22][n 1]

From 2001 to 2003, Letta was professor at theUniversity Carlo CattaneonearVarese,and then he taught at the Sant'Anna School in Pisa in 2003 and at theHEC Parisin 2004.[24]

Political career

[edit]
Letta in 2001
This article is part of
a series about
Enrico Letta
  • Political career
  • Prime Minister of Italy
  • Secretary of the Democratic Party
  • Academic career

Letta, a Catholic,[25]began his political career in theChristian Democracy(DC),[26]the dominantcentristandRoman Catholicparty, which ruled Italy for almost fifty years. From 1991 to 1995, Letta was president of theYouth of the European People's Party,[22]the official youth wing of theEuropean People's Party,apolitical party at European levelfounded by national-levelChristian democraticparties, including the Italian DC; he used his presidency to help strengthen long-term connections among a variety of centrist parties in Europe, and has since remained a convinced supporter of theEuropean UnionandEuropean integration.[27][28]

During theCiampi Cabinetheaded byCarlo Azeglio Ciampiin 1993 and 1994, Letta worked as chief of staff for the minister of foreign affairs,Beniamino Andreatta;Andreatta, a left-leaning Christian Democrat economist with whom Letta had already been collaborating in athink tankknown asAgenzia di Ricerche e Legislazione(AREL), played a highly influential role in Letta's political career.[22][27]

Following the collapse of the DC in 1994, Letta joined its immediate successor, theItalian People's Party(PPI); after serving as secretary general of the Euro Committee within theMinistry of Treasuryfrom 1996 to 1997, he became deputy secretary of the party in 1997 and 1998, when it was fully allied with thecentre-left.[29]In 1998, after the fall ofRomano Prodi's first government, Letta was appointedMinister for the Community PoliciesincabinetofMassimo D'Alemaat the age of 32, becoming the youngest cabinet minister in post-war Italy.[26]

In 1999, Letta becameMinister of Industry, Commerce and Craftsin the second government of D'Alema; a position that he hold until 2001, serving also in the cabinet ofGiuliano Amato.[30]During Amato's government he hold the role of Minister of Foreign Trade too.[31]

In the2001 Italian general election,Letta was elected to theChamber of Deputiesas a member ofDemocracy is Freedom – The Daisy,a newly formed centrist formation to which the Italian People's Party had joined.[29][32]In the following year, he was appointed national responsible for economic policies of The Daisy.[33]

In 2004, Letta was electedmember of the European Parliament,with nearly 179,000 votes, withinThe Olive Treelist,[34]joining theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe(ALDE) group. As MEP he became member of theCommittee on Economic and Monetary Affairs.[35]Letta served also in the committee for relations with theMaghrebcountries and theArab Maghreb Union.[36]

In 2006, Letta wasre-electedto the Chamber of Deputies and was appointedSecretary of the Council of Ministersin thesecond governmentof Romano Prodi, thereby succeeding his uncleGianni Lettawho had held the same position in the outgoingcabinetofSilvio Berlusconi.In this post, he became the closest advisor of Prime Minister Prodi, becoming one of the most influential politicians within the government. However, Prodi's government fell after only two years following tensions within its majority caused by the resignation of the Minister of Justice,Clemente Mastella.[37][38]Following the2008 Italian general election,which saw a victory of the centre-right, Letta returned the post to his uncle, when theBerlusconi IV Cabinetwas sworn in.[27][28]

Leadership election candidacy

[edit]
Main article:2007 Democratic Party (Italy) leadership election

In 2007, together with other The Daisy's members, Letta joined theDemocratic Party(PD), the new centre-left party, born from the union between The Daisy and theDemocrats of the Left.[39][40]Having been a founding member of the party, Letta run in the firstleadership election,which was held as anopen primary.He announced his candidacy in July 2007 through aYouTubevideo.[41]After a few weeks from the announcement, he compared the PD toWikipedia,stating: "As in Wikipedia, even in the PD each of the hundreds of thousands of members must bring their own contributions, their own skills, which in certain fields are certainly more important than mine and those of the other leaders of the centre-left."[42]In support of his candidacy, Letta founded the360 Association,a centrist and Christian leftist group, mainly composed by former members of The Daisy.[43][44]

Letta's candidacy was supported by prominent members of the Italian centre-left, likeFrancesco Cossiga,Paolo De Castro,Gianni Pittella,Vito De Filippoand many other former members of The Daisy.[45]Moreover, Letta's faction was composed by politicians considered close to Prime MinisterRomano Prodi,a Christian leftist professor and founding father of the Italian centre-left.[46][47]However, Letta had to face the politician who, more than any other, had worked to the formation of the Democratic Party and who was unanimously considered the future leader of the centre-left,Walter Veltroni,the incumbentMayor of Rome.[48]In the primary election, Veltroni won by a landslide with 75.8% of votes, followed by the formerMinister of HealthRosy Bindiwith 12.9% and Letta with 11.0%.[49]

After the primary election, Veltroni appointed Letta national responsible for labour. In May 2008, after the defeat in the2008 election,Letta was appointed Shadow Minister of Labour and Social Policies in the second and lastShadow Cabinetformed in Italy.[50]

Deputy Secretary of the Democratic Party

[edit]
Letta during a convention of his360 Associationin 2012

During theleadership election of 2009,Letta supported the eventual winner, the social-democratPier Luigi Bersani,being appointedDeputy Secretaryby the party's national convention.[51]

In June 2010, Letta organized a three-day meeting inVerona,during which he met, within its association, entrepreneurs and key leaders ofLega Nord,the largest party inVenetoand easternLombardy.[52][53]An opinion poll among northern Democrats, released during the "Nord Camp", showed that they were keener on an alliance with Lega Nord than Berlusconi'sThe People of Freedom.[54]Letta was praised both byRoberto MaroniandUmberto Bossi.[55]

In the2013 Italian general election,the centre-left allianceItaly Common Goodled by Bersani won a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, thanks to a majority bonus that has effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning party, while in the popular vote it narrowly defeated the center-right alliance of former prime minister Berlusconi. Close behind, the new anti-establishmentFive Star Movementof comedianBeppe Grillobecame the third-strongest force, clearly ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime MinisterMario Monti.In theSenate,no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in ahung parliament.[56][57]

On 20 April 2013, when Bersani resigned asSecretaryafter the candidates for President of the RepublicFranco MariniandRomano Prodiwere defeated in thepresidential election,the whole leadership of the PD, including Deputy Secretary Letta, resigned their positions.

Prime Minister of Italy

[edit]
Main article:Letta Cabinet

Government formation

[edit]

Following five inconclusive ballots for the2013 Italian presidential election,incumbent presidentGiorgio Napolitanoaccepted to be re-elected at theQuirinal Palace.[58]Eventually, Napolitano reluctantly agreed to serve for another term in order to safeguard the continuity of the country's institutions.[59][60]Napolitano was easily re-elected on 20 April 2013, receiving 738 of the 1007 possible votes, and was sworn in on 22 April 2013 after a speech when he asked for constitutional and electoral reforms.[61]

Letta with PresidentGiorgio Napolitanoin Rome, 2013

After his re-election, Napolitano immediately began consultations with the chairmen of theChamber of Deputies,Senateand political forces, after the failure of the previous attempt with Bersani, and the establishment of a panel of experts by the President himself (dubbed aswise menby the press), in order to outline priorities and formulate an agenda to deal with the persistent economic hardship and growing unemployment. On 24 April 2013, Enrico Letta was invited to form a government by President Napolitano, following weeks of political deadlock.[62]

On 27 April, Letta formally accepted the task of leading agrand coalition government,with support from the centre-left Democratic Party, the centre-rightPeople of Freedom(PdL) of Silvio Berlusconi and the centristCivic Choiceof outgoing PMMario Monti.The government he formed became the first in thehistory of the Italian Republicto include representatives of all the major coalitions that had run in the latest election. His close relationship with his uncle, Gianni Letta, one of Berlusconi's most trusted advisors, was perceived as a way of overcoming the bitter hostility between the two opposing factions.[20][63]Letta appointedAngelino Alfano,secretary of the People of Freedom, as hisDeputy Prime Minister.The new government was formally sworn-in as on 28 April.[64]During the swearing ceremony, a man fired gunshots outsideChigi Palaceand wounded twoCarabinieri.[65]The attacker, Luigi Preiti, was stopped and arrested; he declared that he wanted to kill politicians or at least to hit a "symbol of politics" and that he was forced by despair being unemployed and recently divorced.[66]

On 29 April, Letta's government won the confidence vote in the Chamber with 453 votes in favour, 152 against and 17 abstentions.[67]On the following day, he won the confidence vote in Senate too, with 233 votes in favour, 59 against an 18 abstentions.[68]In his first speech in front of the Parliament, Letta stressed "necessity to restore decency, sobriety and a sense of honor"; he also advocated for a reduction of politics' costs.[69]

Economic policies

[edit]
Prime Minister Letta in 2013

During his premiership, Letta had to face a serious socio-economic crisis caused by theGreat Recessionand the subsequentEuropean debt crisis.In 2013, one of the major problems of the country was the hugeyouth unemployment,which was valued around 40%.[70]To face this issue, on 14 June 2013, Letta scheduled a summit atChigi Palacewith the ministers of the economy, finance and labour of Italy,Germany,FranceandSpain,to agree on common EU policies for reducing unemployment.[9]After a few weeks, during a press conference at the conclusion of theCouncil of the European UnioninBrussels,Letta announced that Italy would receive 1.5 billion euros in EU funds to fight youth unemployment.[10]

On 31 May, the Council of ministers resolved to sponsor a bill to abolishparty subsidies,which was widely considered a revolution in Italian politics and political parties, which heavily depended on public funds.[8]On 4 June, Letta, within hisMinister of Economic Development,Flavio Zanonatoand hisMinister of the Environment,Andrea Orlando,announced thereceivershipofIlva,one of the largest steel makers in Europe, for a duration of 36 months, appointingEnrico Bondias receiver.[71]

On 15 June, the government approved the so-called "Action Decree" on hiring policies enabling economic recovery.[72]The decree was later approved by the Parliament between July and August 2013 with aconfidence vote.The reform was harshly criticized by the anti-establishmentFive Star Movement.[73]On 29 August, the government abolished IMU, the Italian tax onreal estateintroduced by the technocratic government ofMario Monti,for primary homes and for farm buildings.[74]

Immigration policies

[edit]
See also:Operation Mare Nostrum

As a result of theLibyanandSyrian Civil Wars,a major problem faced by Letta upon becoming prime minister in 2013 was the high levels ofillegal immigrationto Italy.[75]

On 3 October 2013, a boat carrying migrants fromLibyatoItalysankoff the Italian island ofLampedusa.It was reported that the boat had sailed fromMisrata,Libya, but that many of the migrants were originally fromEritrea,SomaliaandGhana.[76][77][78]An emergency response involving theItalian Coast Guardresulted in the rescue of 155 survivors.[77]On 12 October it was reported that the confirmed death toll after searching the boat was 359, but that further bodies were still missing;[79]a figure of "more than 360" deaths was later reported, becoming the deadliest shipwreck occurred in theMediterranean Sea.[80]

After the Lampedusa tragedy, Prime Minister Letta decided to strengthen the national patrolling ofSicilian channelby authorizingOperation Mare Nostrum,a military and humanitarian operation whose purpose was to patrol the maritime border and provide relief to migrants. This operation had two main purposes: to safeguard life at sea and to combat the illegal smuggling of migrants.[81]The operation brought at least 150,000 migrants to Europe, mainly fromAfricaand theMiddle East.[82]The operation ended a few months after the end of his premiership, on 31 October 2014.[83]

Foreign policies

[edit]
Letta with the U.S. PresidentBarack Obamain theOval Office

A strongpro-Europeanistpolitician, Letta built up close relations with the other prominent European leaders likeAngela Merkel,who was the first foreign leader he met, just a few days after his sworn in, on 30 April.[84]Letta built also a warm relation with the French PresidentFrançois Hollande,with whom he shared a common view onausteritypolicies, considered outdated to face the economic crisis; Letta and Hollande often stressed the necessity to increase the public expenditures in investments.[85]

On 17 and 18 June, Letta participated in his firstG8 summitatLough ErneinNorthern Ireland.[86]During the summit, Letta had his first bilateral meeting with thePresident of the United States,Barack Obama.On 17 October, Letta was invited to theWhite Houseby President Obama, who stated that he had been really impressed by the Italian Prime Minister and his reforms' plan.[87]

On 5 and 6 September, Letta took part in theG20 summitinSaint Petersburg.The summit was focused on the aftermath of theSyrian civil war.Letta advocated for a diplomatic resolution of the crisis promoted by theUnited Nations.[88]On 25 September, during his speech in front of theUnited Nations General Assembly,Letta asked a deep reform of theUN Security Council.[89]

September 2013 government crisis

[edit]

On 28 September 2013, five ministers of The People of Freedom resigned on the orders of their leader, Silvio Berlusconi, pointing to the decision to postpone the decree that prevented the increase of theVATfrom 21 to 22%, thus opening a government crisis.[90]On the following day, Letta had a meeting with President Napolitano to discuss about the possible alternatives to solve the crisis. The head of State stressed that he would dissolveparliamentonly if there were no other possible alternatives.[91]

Letta withAngelino AlfanoandGiorgio Napolitanoin December 2013

In the following days, dozens of members of PdL prepared to defy Berlusconi and vote in favour of the government, prompting him to announce that he would back the Prime Minister.[92][93][94]On 2 October, the government received 235 votes in favor and 70 against in theSenate,and 435 in favor and 162 against in the Chamber of Deputies.[95][96]Letta could thus continue his grand coalition government.[97]

On 23 November, the Senate had to vote about the expulsion of Berlusconi from the Parliament, due to aconviction of tax fraudby thecourt of final instanceand theCourt of Cassation,which occurred a few months before.[98]Because he had been sentenced to a gross imprisonment for more than two years, the Senate voted to expel him from the Parliament, barring him from serving in any legislative office for six years.[99][100]

After his expulsion from the Parliament, Berlusconi, who disbanded the PdL a few days before re-foundingForza Italiaparty, withdrew his support to the government. However, the interior ministerAngelino Alfanodid not follow his former leader, founding, along with other ministers and many members of the parliament, theNew Centre-Rightparty, remaining in government.[101]The government later won key confidence votes in December 2013, with 173 votes in favour in the Senate and 350 in the Chamber.[102]

On 26 January 2014, theMinister of Agriculture,Nunzia De Girolamo,resigned from her post due to claims of improper conduct linked to a scandal in the local healthcare system of her hometown,Benevento.[103][104]Her resignation was accepted by Letta on the following day, who took the ministerial rolead interim.[105]

Resignation

[edit]

On 8 December 2013, theMayor of Florence,Matteo Renzi,won theDemocratic Party leadership electionby a landslide, immediately starting rumors about the possibility of becoming the new prime minister.[106]On 17 January 2014, while on air atLe invasioni barbaricheonLa7TV channel, interviewed about tensions between him and Prime Minister Letta, Renzi tweeted thehashtag#enricostaisereno ( "Enrico don't worry" ) to reassure his party colleague that he was not plotting anything against him.[107]

Letta withMatteo Renziand President Napolitano in October 2013

The growing criticism of the slow pace of Italian economic reform left Letta increasingly isolated within his own party.[108]At a PD's meeting on 13 February 2014, the Democratic Party leadership voted heavily in favour of Renzi's motion for "a new government, a new phase and a radical programme of reforms". Minutes after the party backed Renzi's proposal by 136 votes to 16, with two abstentions, Letta went to the Quirinal Palace, for a bilateral meeting with President Napolitano.[12]

In an earlier speech, Renzi had paid tribute to Letta, saying that he did not intend to put him "on trial". But, without directly proposing himself as the next prime minister, he said theEurozone's third-largest economy urgently needed "a new phase" and "radical programme" to push through badly-needed reforms. The motion he put forward made clear "the necessity and urgency of opening a new phase with a new executive". Speaking privately to party leaders, Renzi said that Italy was "at a crossroads" and faced either holding fresh elections or a new government without a return to the polls.[109]

On 14 February, Letta resigned from the office of prime minister.[110]Following Letta's resignation, Renzi received the task of forming a new government from President Napolitano on 17 February,[111]and was formally sworn in as prime minister on 22 February.[112]

Academic career

[edit]
Letta speaking at theJacques Delors Institutein 2016

In 2015, Letta resigned as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, after having voted against thenew electoral lawproposed by Prime Minister Renzi; at the same time, he announced that he would not renew the PD's membership.[113]

In April 2015, Letta moved toParisto teach at theSciences Po,a higher education institute ofpolitical science.Since 1 September, he becamedeanof the Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA) of the same institute.[114]Along with his commitment to Sciences Po, he also had teaching periods at theUniversity of Technology Sydneyand the School of Global Policy and Strategy at theUniversity of California, San Diego.In the same year, Letta launchedScuola di Politiche(School of Politics), a course of political science for young Italians.[115]

In 2016, Letta supported theconstitutional reformproposed by Renzi to reduce the powers of the Senate.[116]In the same year, along with theJacques Delors Institute,he launched a school of political science focused on European issues, known asAcadémie Notre Europe.[117]In October 2017, he joined the newComitè Action Publique 2022,a public commission for the reform of state andpublic administrationinFrancewhich was strongly supported by PresidentEmmanuel Macron.[118]

Letta withFrançois HollandeandJean-Claude Junckerin 2016

In March 2019, following the victory ofNicola Zingarettiin thePD leadership election,Letta announced that he would re-join the party after four years.[119]In the same year, Letta also served on the advisory board of the annualHuman Development Reportof theUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP), co-chaired byThomas PikettyandTharman Shanmugaratnam.[120]In 2020, he spoke in favour of theconstitutional reformto reduce the number of MPs, considering it the first step to overcomeperfect bicameralism.[121]

Following his retirement from politics, Letta became advisor of many corporations and international organizations likeAbertis,where he became member of the Board of Directors in 2016,[122][123]Amundi,in which he served as member of the Global Advisory Board since 2016,[124]theEurasia Group,of which he has been Senior Advisor since 2016,[125]Publicis,where he served within the International Advisory Board since 2019[126]and Tikehau Capital, of which he became member of the International Advisory Board.[127]

Letta is a member of many no-profit organizations like theInternational Gender Champions(IGC),[128]theBritish Council,Re-Imagine Europa,[129]theTrilateral Commission,in which he presided the European Group,[130]theAspen InstituteItalia, in which he served in the Executive Committee,[131]Associazione Italia ASEAN, of which he became chairman[132]and theInstitut de Prospective Economique du Monde Méditerranéen(IPEMED).[133]

Secretary of the Democratic Party

[edit]
Letta speaking at theEuropean Parliamentduring the memorial forDavid Sassoli,in January 2022

In January 2021, after thegovernment crisiswhich forced Prime MinisterGiuseppe Conteto resign, anational unity governmentled byMario Draghiwas formed.[134]In the midst of the formation of Draghi's government, Zingaretti was heavily criticized by the party's minority for his management of the crisis and strenuous support to Conte. On 4 March, after weeks of internal turmoil, Zingaretti announced his resignation as secretary, stating that he was "ashamed of the power struggles" within the party.[135]

In the next days, many prominent members of the PD, including Zingaretti himself, but also former prime ministerPaolo Gentiloni,former party secretaryDario Franceschiniand President of Emilia-RomagnaStefano Bonaccini,publicly asked former Letta to become the new leader of the party.[136][137]Following an initial reluctancy, Letta stated that he needed a few days to evaluate the option.[138]On 12 March, he officially accepted his candidacy as new party's leader.[139][140]On 14 March, the national assembly of the PD elected Letta secretary with 860 votes in favour, 2 against and 4 abstentions.[141][142]

On 17 March, Letta appointedPeppe ProvenzanoandIrene Tinaglias his deputy secretaries.[143]On the following day, he appointed the party's new executive, composed of eight men and eight women.[144]Later that month, Letta forced the two Democratic leaders in Parliament,Graziano DelrioandAndrea Marcucci,to resign and proposed the election of two female leaders.[145]On 25 and 30 March, senators and deputies elected Simona Malpezzi andDebora Serracchianias their leaders in the Senate and in the Chamber.[146][147]

Letta withGiuseppe Conteand the Finnish PMSanna Marinin 2022

In July 2021, Letta announced his intention to run for the Chamber of Deputies in theSienadistrict, which remained vacant after the resignation ofPier Carlo Padoan.On 4 October, Letta won theby-electionwith 49.9% of votes, returning to the Parliament after six years.[148]In the concurrentlocal elections,the PD and its allies won municipal elections inMilan,Bologna,Naples,Rome,Turinand many other major cities across the country.[149]

As leader of the third political forces in theparliament,Letta played an important role in there-electionof incumbent presidentSergio Mattarella.On 23 January 2022, duringFabio Fazio's talk showChe tempo che fa,Letta stated that his favorable candidates to the presidency were Mario Draghi and Sergio Mattarella.[150]On the morning of 29 January, after the fall of all other possible candidacies, Letta asked the other leaders to follow "the Parliament's wisdom", referring to the massive support that Mattarella had received in the previous ballots.[151]On the same day, all the main parties asked Mattarella to serve for a second term. Despite his initial firm denial, Mattarella accepted the nomination[152]and was re-elected with 759 votes.[153]

In July 2022, tensions arose within the governing majority especially between Giuseppe Conte, leader of the Five Star Movement, and Prime Minister Draghi. Letta, who was trying to form a broad centre-left coalition with the M5S in the following election, was particularly critic toward the possibility of a government crisis.[154]On 13 July, Conte announced that the M5S would revoke its support to thenational unity governmentregarding the so-calleddecreto aiuti(English:aid decree), concerning economic stimulus to contrast the ongoing energy crisis, opening apolitical crisiswithin the majority.[155]On the following day, the M5S abstained and Prime Minister Draghi, despite having won the confidence vote, resigned.[156]However, the resignation was rejected by President Mattarella.[157]On the same day, Letta stressed that a government crisis needed to be officially opened in the Parliament, adding that "Italy deserved to stand with a strong personality like that of PM Draghi and the team that was around him."[158]However, on 21 July, Draghi resigned again after a new confidence vote in the Senate failed to pass with an absolute majority, following the defections of M5S,Lega,andForza Italia;[159][160]Asnap electionwas called for 25 September 2022.[161]

After the 2022 general election, Enrico Letta conceded defeat and announced that he would not stand at the congress to elect the new party secretary.[162][163][164][165]He was succeeded byElly Schlein,following theelectionon 26 February 2023.[166]

Personal life

[edit]

Letta is married to Gianna Fregonara, an Italianjournalist,with whom he had three children, Giacomo, Lorenzo and Francesco.[167]

Letta is known to be fond of listening toDire Straitsand playingSubbuteo;[168]he is also an avid supporter ofA.C. Milan.[169]In addition to his native Italian, Letta speaks French and English fluently.[28]

Electoral history

[edit]
Election House Constituency Party Votes Result
2001 Chamber of Deputies Piedmont 1 DL –[a] checkYElected
2004 European Parliament North-East Italy Ulivo 178,707 checkYElected
2006 Chamber of Deputies Lombardy 1 Ulivo –[a] checkYElected
2008 Chamber of Deputies Lombardy 2 PD –[a] checkYElected
2013 Chamber of Deputies Marche PD –[a] checkYElected
2021 Chamber of Deputies Siena PD 33,391 checkYElected
2022 Chamber of Deputies Lombardy 1 PD –[a] checkYElected
  1. ^abcdeElected in aclosed listproportional representation system.

First-past-the-post elections

[edit]
2021 Italian by-election (C):Siena
Candidate Party Votes %
Enrico Letta Centre-left coalition 33,391 49.9
Tommaso Marrocchesi Marzi Centre-right coalition 25,303 37.8
Others 8,191 12.3
Total 66,885 100.0

References

[edit]
  1. ^Quirinale, il governo di Letta giura davanti a Napolitano,Il Fatto Quotidiano
  2. ^Letta eletto segretario: "Serve un nuovo Pd aperto, non partito del potere",Sky Tg24
  3. ^Popova, Maria (1 October 2024)."Enrico Letta, new dean of the Faculty of Politics and Economics of the IE University of Segovia".Top Buzz Times.Retrieved2 October2024.
  4. ^Enrico Letta,Enciclopedia Treccani
  5. ^Italian Parliament WebsiteLETTA Enrico – PDRetrieved 24 April 2013
  6. ^Nuovo governo, incarico a Enrico Letta. Napolitano: "I media cooperino",Il Fatto Quotidiano
  7. ^"Letta: Grande coalizione, bisogna farsene una ragione".Archived fromthe originalon 8 October 2016.Retrieved28 January2019.
  8. ^abTre canali di finanziamento, più trasparenza. Ecco punto per punto il ddl del governo,Corriere della Sera
  9. ^abVertice lavoro, Letta ai ministri europei: «Non c'è più tempo, si deve agire subito Scelta sciagurata guardare solo i conti» – Il MessaggeroArchived16 June 2013 at theWayback Machine.Ilmessaggero.it. Retrieved on 24 August 2013.
  10. ^abLetta: all'Italia 1,5 miliardi per il lavoro. Grillo «poteva mandare tutto in vacca»,Corriere della Sera
  11. ^Letta: perché difendo Mare Nostrum,Avvenire
  12. ^ab"Letta al Quirinale, si è dimesso – Top News".Retrieved12 July2016.
  13. ^Enrico Letta,Sciences Po
  14. ^Pd, Zingaretti si dimette. Dice addio il decimo segretario in 14 anni,Il Sole 24 Ore
  15. ^Letta, il giorno della scelta. Zingaretti: rilancerà il Pd,il manifesto
  16. ^Letta: "Non vi serve un nuovo segretario, ma un nuovo Pd",Huffington Post
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  18. ^abMotta, Nino (2 February 2013). "Un Letta per ogni stagione".Il Centro.
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  69. ^Governo Letta, fiducia alla Camera: 453 sì, 153 no. Si astiene la Lega,Il Fatto Quotidiano
  70. ^Disoccupazione giovanile, Bce: "Nel 2013 in Italia è arrivata vicina al 40%",Il Fatto Quotidiano
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  74. ^Abolizione IMU 2013, ecco cosa cambia per "prima casa", edilizia e terreni agricoli,EdilTecnico
  75. ^Letta da Malta: "Orgoglio per l'operazione Mare Nostrum",Rai News
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  85. ^Ue, asse Letta-Hollande per la crescita,Corriere della Sera
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  89. ^Letta a Wall Street: "Siamo affidabili". E all'Onu chiede riforma Consiglio sicurezza,la Repubblica
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  109. ^Lizzy Davies in Rome."Italian PM Enrico Letta to resign".The Guardian.Retrieved13 February2014.
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  111. ^"39 Year Old Matteo Renzi becomes, at 39, Youngest Italian Prime Minister".IANS.news.biharprabha.Retrieved17 February2014.
  112. ^"Matteo Renzi sworn in as Italy's new PM in Rome ceremony".BBC. 22 February 2014.Retrieved26 February2014.
  113. ^Enrico Letta si dimette da deputato: il discorso in aula e il lungo applauso della Camera,Huffington Post
  114. ^"Enrico Letta, New Dean of PSIA".SciencesPo News. 21 April 2014.Retrieved10 March2017.
  115. ^"Scuola di Politiche",Scuoladipolitiche.eu. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  116. ^Letta: «Italicum legge sbagliata. Ma al referendum io voterò Sì»,Corriere della Sera
  117. ^Letta battezza Académie Notre Europe: "Per creare una classe dirigente europea ed europeista",Huffington Post
  118. ^Macron chiama Letta a far parte della Commissione per la riforma dello Stato,Il Giornale
  119. ^Enrico Letta: "Dopo 5 anni riprendo la tessera del Pd. Mai più partito dell’antipatia",la Repubblica
  120. ^2019 Human Development Report Advisory Board MembersUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP).
  121. ^Referendum, Letta: "Voterò Sì convintamente. Tutte le nostre proposte di riforma prevedevano lo stesso taglio. 630 deputati? Ne bastano 400",Il Fatto Quotidiano
  122. ^"Abertis' Board of Directors appoints Luis Fortuño and Enrico Letta as new directors".Abertis.Archived fromthe originalon 16 August 2018.Retrieved16 August2018.
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  124. ^Amundi creates a Global Advisory Board with world-renowned experts in global economic and political issuesAmundi,press release of 31 May 2016.
  125. ^Former Italian Prime Minister Enrico Letta joins Eurasia Group as Senior AdvisorEurasia Group,press release of 8 March 2016.
  126. ^Supervisory BoardPublicis,press release of 7 March 2019.
  127. ^International Advisory BoardArchived4 January 2021 at theWayback MachineTikehau Capital.
  128. ^MembersInternational Gender Champions(IGC).
  129. ^Advisory Board[permanent dead link]Re-Imagine Europa.
  130. ^MembershipTrilateral Commission.
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  143. ^Provenzano e Tinagli, il cacciavite di Letta funziona,Huffington Post
  144. ^Pd, Letta nomina la nuova segreteria del partito: sedici membri, otto uomini e otto donne,la Repubblica
  145. ^Pd, Letta: "Nominiamo due donne capigruppo alla Camera e al Senato". Delrio: "Agito sempre per parità",la Repubblica
  146. ^Pd, Simona Malpezzi è la nuova capogruppo al Senato. E alla Camera vacilla l'ipotesi Serracchiani,la Repubblica
  147. ^Debora Serracchiani capogruppo Pd alla Camera,ANSA
  148. ^Letta vince a Siena le suppletive,ANSA
  149. ^Risultati ballottaggi del 17 e 18 ottobre. A Roma e Torino trionfa il centrosinistra. A Trieste vince il centrodestra,la Repubblica
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  158. ^Governo in bilico, Letta: "La crisi si apre in Parlamento". Anche la Lega valuta la verifica di maggioranza: cosa significa,la Repubblica
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  163. ^"Come una mucca nel corridoio. Il congresso Pd si piazza sul palco di Letta".23 September 2022.
  164. ^"Letta pensa alle elezioni, ma il Pd pensa al congresso".
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Notes

  1. ^It is not altogether clear whether the Doctorate degree was obtained ininternational lawin 1997 as reported in his curriculum vitae,[21]or in political science in 1999 as reported byANSA.[23]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toEnrico Letta.
Political offices
Preceded by Minister for the Community Policies
1998–1999 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Industry, Commerce and Crafts
1999–2001 		Succeeded by
Antonio Marzano
as Minister of Productive Activities
Preceded by Secretary of the Council of Ministers
2006–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Italy
2013–2014 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Deputy Secretary of the Democratic Party
2009–2013 		Succeeded by
Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of the Democratic Party
2021–2023 		Succeeded by
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