Eozygodon

Eozygodon; Temporal range:Early Miocene; ~23–16Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Occlusal view of the third lower molar (m3) ofE. morotoensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Proboscidea
Family:	†Mammutidae
Genus:	†Eozygodon; Tassy & Pickford, 1983
Species:	†E. morotoensis
Binomial name
	†Eozygodon morotoensis; Tassy & Pickford, 1983

Eozygodonis an extinct genus ofproboscideanin the familyMammutidaethat is based on a single species,E. morotoensis,named in 1983.^[1]It is known from theEarly Mioceneof Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Namibia)^[2]and well as possibly the Middle Miocene of China.^[3]It is considered a primitive member of the family, retaining a long lower jaw (longirostrine) with lower tusks.^[3]^[4]The upper tusks are small, and are parallel to each other. The skull of the young adult (around 24-26 years old in African elephant tooth wear equivalent years) AM 02 from Auchas, Namibia, was around the size of that of a 10 year oldAmerican mastodon,^[5]around 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) in maximum length.^[6]Dentalmesowearfrom East African specimens suggests abrowsingdiet.^[7]Some authors suggest thatEozygodoncould be less closely related to other members of Mammutidae than other mammutids are toElephantida,making Mammutidae as typically definedparaphyletic.^[5]

References

^Tassy, P. and Pickford, M. (1983). Un nouveau mastodonte zygolophodonte (Proboscidea, Mammalia) dans le Miocène Inférieur d'Afrique orientale: Systématique et paléoenvironnement.Géobios16: 53-77.
^William J. Sanders; Emmanuel Gheerbrant; John M. Harris; Haruo Saegusa; Cyrille Delmer (2010)."Proboscidea".In Werdelin, Lars; Sanders, William Joseph (eds.).Cenozoic Mammals of Africa.University of California Press. pp. 186–.ISBN 978-0-520-25721-4.
^^a ^bZhang, Xiaoxiao; Wang, Shiqi (2021-09-02)."First report of Eozygodon (Mammutidae, Proboscidea) in Eurasia".Historical Biology.33(9): 1661–1670.Bibcode:2021HBio...33.1661Z.doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1723579.ISSN 0891-2963.S2CID 213467027.
^Mothé, Dimila; Avilla, Leonardo S.; Zhao, Desi; Xie, Guangpu; Sun, Boyang; Mothé, Dimila; Avilla, Leonardo S.; Zhao, Desi; Xie, Guangpu (2016)."A new Mammutidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Gansu Province, China".Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.88(1): 65–74.doi:10.1590/0001-3765201520150261.ISSN 0001-3765.PMID 26839998.
^^a ^bTassy, P. 2018.Remarks on the cranium ofEozygodon morotoensis(Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Africa, and the question of the monophyly of Elephantimorpha.Revue Paléobiologie, Genève, 37:593-607.
^M. Pickford "New Proboscidea from the Miocene strata of the lower Orange River Valley, Namibia"Memoir Geological Survey Namibia,19 (2003), pp. 207-256
^Saarinen, Juha; Lister, Adrian M. (2023-08-14)."Fluctuating climate and dietary innovation drove ratcheted evolution of proboscidean dental traits".Nature Ecology & Evolution.7(9): 1490–1502.Bibcode:2023NatEE...7.1490S.doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02151-4.ISSN 2397-334X.PMC10482678.PMID 37580434.

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[1] Tassy, P. and Pickford, M. (1983). Un nouveau mastodonte zygolophodonte (Proboscidea, Mammalia) dans le Miocène Inférieur d'Afrique orientale: Systématique et paléoenvironnement.Géobios16: 53-77.

[WerdelinSanders2010-2] William J. Sanders; Emmanuel Gheerbrant; John M. Harris; Haruo Saegusa; Cyrille Delmer (2010)."Proboscidea".In Werdelin, Lars; Sanders, William Joseph (eds.).Cenozoic Mammals of Africa.University of California Press. pp. 186–.ISBN 978-0-520-25721-4.

[:0-3] Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Wang, Shiqi (2021-09-02)."First report of Eozygodon (Mammutidae, Proboscidea) in Eurasia".Historical Biology.33(9): 1661–1670.Bibcode:2021HBio...33.1661Z.doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1723579.ISSN 0891-2963.S2CID 213467027.

[Mothe16-4] Mothé, Dimila; Avilla, Leonardo S.; Zhao, Desi; Xie, Guangpu; Sun, Boyang; Mothé, Dimila; Avilla, Leonardo S.; Zhao, Desi; Xie, Guangpu (2016)."A new Mammutidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Gansu Province, China".Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.88(1): 65–74.doi:10.1590/0001-3765201520150261.ISSN 0001-3765.PMID 26839998.

[:1-5] Tassy, P. 2018.Remarks on the cranium ofEozygodon morotoensis(Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Africa, and the question of the monophyly of Elephantimorpha.Revue Paléobiologie, Genève, 37:593-607.

[6] M. Pickford "New Proboscidea from the Miocene strata of the lower Orange River Valley, Namibia"Memoir Geological Survey Namibia,19 (2003), pp. 207-256

[7] Saarinen, Juha; Lister, Adrian M. (2023-08-14)."Fluctuating climate and dietary innovation drove ratcheted evolution of proboscidean dental traits".Nature Ecology & Evolution.7(9): 1490–1502.Bibcode:2023NatEE...7.1490S.doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02151-4.ISSN 2397-334X.PMC10482678.PMID 37580434.

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