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Ephebophilia

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Erastes (lover) and Eromenos (beloved) kissing. Tondo of an Attic red-figured cup,c. 480 BC

Ephebophiliais the primary sexual interest in mid-to-lateadolescents,generally ages 15 to 19.[1]The term was originally used in the late 19th to mid-20th century.[1]It is one of a number of sexual preferences across age groups subsumed under the technical termchronophilia.Ephebophiliastrictly denotes thepreferencefor mid-to-late adolescent sexual partners, not the mere presence of some level of sexual attraction.[1]It is not apsychiatricdiagnosis.[2]

In research environments, specific terms are used for chronophilias: for instance,ephebophiliato refer to the sexual preference for mid-to-late adolescents,hebephiliato refer to the sexual preference for earlierpubescentindividuals, andpedophiliato refer to the primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescentchildren.[1][2]

Etymology and definitions

The termephebophiliacomes from theAncient Greek:ἔφηβοςephebos(from epi "upon" + hebe "youth", "early manhood" ) defined as "a youth of eighteen to twenty, particularly one who underwent hisdokimasiaand was registered as a citizen (Athens) ", andφιλία-philia'love'.[3]It has been used in publications byDutchpsychologistFrits Bernardin 1950,[4]and reprinted in 1960 in the gay support magazineVriendschapunder the pseudonym Victor Servatius,[5]crediting the origin of the term toMagnus Hirschfeldwith no exact date given.[6]The word was in fact first published in French (éphébophilie), fromGeorges Saint-Paul's 1896 book,Tares et Poisons: Perversion et Perversité Sexuelles.[7]

The term was described by Frenchman Félix Buffière in 1980,[8]and Pakistani scholarTariq Rahman,[9]who argued thatephebophiliashould be especially used with regard tohomosexualitywhen describing the aesthetic anderotic interest of adult men in adolescent boysin classicalPersian,Turkish,orUrduliterature. The term was additionally revived byRay Blanchardto denote men who sexually prefer 15- to 19-year-olds.[1]The typical ephebophilic age range has also been given as ages 15–16.[10]Women's sexual interest in adolescents has been studied significantly less than men's sexual interest in adolescents.[10]

Although ephebophilia is not apsychiatricdiagnosis,[2]the termpedophiliais commonly used by the general public and the media, at least in the English-speaking world, to refer to any sexual interest by significantly older adults inminorsbelow the localage of consent,regardless of their level of physical or mental development.[11][12][unreliable source?]

Characteristics

Mid-to-late adolescents typically havephysical characteristicsnear or identical to that of legal adults.[10]Because of this, scholars Skye Stephens andMichael C. Setoargue that ephebophilia contrasts what aparaphiliaentails since "older adolescents are reproductively viable and the fact that typically men are sexually attracted to older adolescents, as reflected in self-report,psychophysiological,andpornographyuse studies. "[10]PsychiatristandsexologistFred Berlinstates that most men can find persons in this age group sexually attractive, but that "of course, that doesn't mean they're going to act on it. Some men who become involved with teenagers may not have a particular disorder. Opportunity and other factors may have contributed to their behaving in the way they do".[12]According to psychologist and sexologistJames Cantor,it is "very common for regular men to be attracted to 18-year-olds or 20-year-olds. It's not unusual for a typical 16-year-old to be attractive to many men and the younger we go the fewer and fewer men are attracted to that age group."[13]

Ephebophiliais used only to describe thepreferencefor mid-to-late adolescent sexual partners, not the mere presence of some level of sexual attraction.[1]Generally, the preference is not regarded bypsychologistsas apathology,as long as it does not interfere with other major areas of one's life. It is not included in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition(DSM-5) or theICD-10.[2]

Blanchardet al.stated thathebephilia,erotic interest which centers on young pubescents, has not come into widespread use, even among professionals who work withsex offenders,and may have been confused with the termephebophilia,which denotes a preference for older adolescents.[1]They reasoned that "few would want to label erotic interest in late—or even mid—adolescents as apsychopathology,so the term hebephilia may have been ignored along with ephebophilia ".[1]Although Stephens and Seto argue that, in contrast to ephebophilia, "conceptually, hebephilia is a paraphilia, reflecting an atypical (statistically rare) sexual age interest in pubescent children", they also state hebephilia has not been widely accepted as a paraphilia ormental disorderand that there is significant academic debate as to whether it should be classified as either.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^abcdefghBlanchard, Ray; Lykins, Amy D.; Wherrett, Diane; Kuban, Michael E.; Cantor, James M.; Blak, Thomas; Dickey, Robert; Klassen, Philip E. (2009). "Pedophilia, Hebephilia, and the DSM-V".Archives of Sexual Behavior.38(3): 335–50.doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9.PMID18686026.S2CID14957904.
  2. ^abcdMiller S (2018).The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.p. 1713.ISBN978-1496371003.
  3. ^Rahman, T. (1988). "Ephebophilia: the case for the use of a new word".Forum for Modern Language Studies.24(2): 126–141.doi:10.1093/fmls/XXIV.2.126.
  4. ^"Sexology".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-12-19.Retrieved2009-07-06.
  5. ^Bernard, F. (1998).Selected publications of Dr Frits Bernard – An international bibliography.Rotterdam: Enclave.[page needed]
  6. ^Servatius, V. (1960, March 15).Ephebophilie en wetenschap[Ephebophilia and science].VriendschapArchived2007-09-28 at theWayback Machine,35-35.
  7. ^Janssen, Diederik F. (2015)."'Chronophilia': Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology ".Medical History.59(4): 575–98.doi:10.1017/mdh.2015.47.PMC4595948.PMID26352305.
  8. ^Buffière, F. (1980).Éros adolescent: la pédérastie dans la Grèce antique,Paris, p. 11.
  9. ^Rahman, T. (1990). "Boy-Love in the Urdu Ghazal".Annual of Urdu Studies.7:1–20.
  10. ^abcdePhenix A, Hoberman H (2015).Sexual Offending: Predisposing Antecedents, Assessments and Management.Springer.p. 30.ISBN978-1493924165.
  11. ^Gavin H (2013).Criminological and Forensic Psychology.SAGE Publications.p. 155.ISBN978-1118510377.Archivedfrom the original on March 30, 2019.RetrievedJuly 7,2018.
  12. ^abS. Berlin, Frederick."Interview with Frederick S. Berlin, M.D., Ph.D."Office of Media Relations. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-06-23.Retrieved2008-06-27.
  13. ^Stephenson, Wesley (30 July 2014)."How many men are paedophiles?".BBC Magazine.London, England:BBC.Retrieved2 December2018.

External links

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