Esperanto orthography
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Esperantois written in aLatin-script Alpha betof twenty-eight letters, with upper and lower case. This is supplemented bypunctuationmarks and by variouslogograms,such as thedigits0–9, currency signs such as $ € ¥ £ ₷, andmathematical symbols.The creator of Esperanto,L. L. Zamenhof,declared a principle of "one letter, one sound", though this is a general rather than strict guideline.[1]
Twenty-two of the letters are identical in form to letters of the English Alpha bet (q, w, x,andybeing omitted). The remaining six havediacriticalmarks:ĉ,ĝ,ĥ,ĵ,ŝ,andŭ– that is,c, g, h, j,andscircumflex,andubreve.
Standard Alpha bet
[edit]Standard Esperanto orthography uses theLatin script.
Sound values
[edit]The letters have approximately the sound values of theIPA,with the exception ofc[t͡s]and the letters with diacritics:ĉ[t͡ʃ],ĝ[d͡ʒ],ĥ[x],ĵ[ʒ],ŝ[ʃ],ŭ[u̯].Jtranscribes twoallophonicsounds, consonantal[j](the Englishysound, as inyou) and vocalic[i̯].[1]
Majuscule forms(also calleduppercaseorcapital letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | B | C | Ĉ | D | E | F | G | Ĝ | H | Ĥ | I | J | Ĵ | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | Ŝ | T | U | Ŭ | V | Z |
Minuscule forms(also calledlowercaseorsmall letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | c | ĉ | d | e | f | g | ĝ | h | ĥ | i | j | ĵ | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | ŝ | t | u | ŭ | v | z |
Principal IPA values[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | t͜s | t͜ʃ | d | e | f | ɡ | d͜ʒ | h | x | i | j,i̯ | ʒ | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | ʃ | t | u | u̯ | v | z |
There is a nearly one-to-one correspondence of letter to sound. For those who consider/d͜z/to be a phoneme, Esperanto contains one consonantaldigraph,⟨dz⟩.[3]Beside the dual use of⟨j⟩,allophony is found in place assimilation of/m/and/n/,the latter of which for example is frequently pronounced[ŋ]beforegandk.
Phonemic change is perhaps limited to voicing assimilation, as in the sequencekzofekzemplo,('(an) example') which is frequently pronounced/ɡz/.In Zamenhof's writing, obstruents with different voicing do not meet in compound words, but rather are separated by an epenthetic vowel such aso,to avoid this effect.
Non-Esperantized names are given an Esperanto approximation of their original pronunciation, at least by speakers without command of the original language. Hard⟨c⟩is read ask,⟨qu⟩askv,⟨w⟩asv,⟨x⟩asks,and⟨y⟩asjif a consonant, or asiif a vowel. The English digraph⟨th⟩is read ast.When there is no close equivalent, the difficult sounds may be given the Esperanto values of the letters in the orthography or roman transcription, accommodating the constraints of Esperanto phonology. So, for example,Winchester(the English city) is pronounced (and may be spelled)Vinĉester/vint͜ʃester/,as Esperantoŭdoes not occur at the beginning of ordinary words.[4]Changzhougenerally becomesĈanĝo/t͜ʃand͜ʒo/,as Esperanto has nongorousound. There are no strict rules, however; speakers may try for greater fidelity, for example by pronouncing theganduinChangzhou:Ĉangĝoŭ/t͜ʃaŋɡd͜ʒou̯/(despite there being nogsound in the Chinese pronunciation). The original stress may be kept, if it is known.
Origin
[edit]The script resembles Western Slavic Latin Alpha bets but usescircumflexesinstead ofcaronsfor the lettersĉ,ĝ,ĥ,ĵ,andŝ.Also, the non-Slavic bases of the lettersĝandĵ,rather than Slavicdžandž,help preserve the printed appearance of Latinate and Germanic vocabulary such asĝenerala"general" (adjective) andĵurnalo"journal". The lettervstands for eithervorwof other languages. The letterŭof the diphthongsaŭandeŭresemble theBelarusianŁacinka Alpha bet.
Zamenhof took advantage of the fact that typewriters for the French language (which, in his lifetime, served as an internationallingua francafor educated people) possess adead keyfor the circumflex diacritic: thus, anyone who could avail himself of a French typewriter could typeĉ ĝ ĥ ĵ ŝand their uppercase counterparts with no problem. French typewriters also include the letter⟨ù⟩,which Francophone Esperantists have long used as a substitute for Esperantoŭ.With the advent of personal computers, French-language keyboards still possess a dead-key ^, but whether it can be used to type Esperanto consonants may depend on the underlying software. Zamenhof's choice of accented letters was familiar to the speakers of some Slavic languages, for instance, Czech and Slovak, where the sounds of Esperantoĉandŝare represented by the lettersčandš,respectively; and Belarusian, because Esperantoŭbears the same relation touas Belarusian Cyrillicўbears toу.
Geographic names may diverge from English spelling, especially for the lettersx,w,quandgu,as inVaŝintono"Washington, D.C.",Meksiko"Mexico City",andGvatemalo"Guatemala".Other spelling differences appear when Esperanto words are based on the pronunciation rather than the spelling of English place names, such asBrajtonoforBrighton.
Variations
[edit]Since all letters with diacritics are unique,[note 1]they are often simplified inhandwriting.The most common diacritic to be simplified is the circumflex, which often appears more like amacronoracute accent(e.g.ḡorǵinstead ofĝ).
Names of the letters of the Alpha bet
[edit]Zamenhofsimply tacked an-oonto each consonant to create the name of the letter, with the vowels representing themselves:a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo,etc. The diacritics are frequently mentioned overtly. For instance,ĉmay be calledĉo ĉapelaorco ĉapela,fromĉapelo(a hat), andŭmay be calledŭo lunetaoru luneta,fromluno(a moon) plus the diminutive-et-.This is the only system that is widely accepted and in practical use.
The letters of theISO basic Latin Alpha betnot found in the Esperanto Alpha bet have distinct names, much as letters of the Greek Alpha bet do.⟨q⟩,⟨x⟩,⟨y⟩arekuo, ikso, ipsilono;⟨w⟩has been calledduobla vo(double V),vavo(using Waringhien's name ofvabelow),vuo(proposed by Sergio Pokrovskij),germana vo(German V), andĝermana vo(GermanicV).[5]
However, while this is fine forinitialismssuch asktp[kotopo] foretc.,it can be problematic when spelling out names. For example, several consonantal distinctions are difficult for many nationalities, who normally rely on the fact that Esperanto seldom uses these sounds to distinguish words (that is, they do not form manyminimal pairs). Thus the pairs of letter namesĵo–ĝo, ĥo–ho(orĥo–ko), co–ĉo(orco–so, co–to), lo–ro,andŭo–vo(orvo–bo) are problematic. In addition, over a noisy telephone connection, it quickly becomes apparent thatvoicingdistinctions can be difficult to make out: noise confounds the pairspo–bo, to–do, ĉo–ĝo, ko–go, fo–vo, so–zo, ŝo–ĵo,as well as the nasalsmo–no.
There have been several proposals to resolve this problem.Gaston Waringhienproposed changing the vowel of voicedobstruentstoa,so that at least voicing is not problematic. Also changed toaareh, n, r,distinguishing them fromĥ, m, l.The result is perhaps the most common alternative in use:
- a, ba, co, ĉo, da, e, fo, ga, ĝa, ha, ĥo, i, jo, ĵa, ko, lo, mo, na, o, po, ra, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, va, za
However, this still requires overt mention of the diacritics, and even so does not reliably distinguishba–va, co–so, ĉo–ŝo,orĝa–ĵa.
The proposal closest to international norms (and thus the easiest to remember) that clarifies all the above distinctions is a modification of a proposal byKálmán Kalocsay.As with Zamenhof, vowels stand for themselves, but it follows the international standard of placing voweleafter a consonant by default(be, ce, de, ge),but beforesonorants(el, en)andvoicelessfricatives(ef, es).The vowelais used for⟨h⟩and the voicelessplosives⟨p⟩,⟨t⟩,⟨k⟩,after the international nameshafor⟨h⟩andkafor⟨k⟩;the French nameĵiis used for⟨ĵ⟩,the Greek nameĥi (chi)for⟨ĥ⟩,and the English namearfor⟨r⟩.The letter⟨v⟩has theivowel ofĵi,distinguishing it from⟨b⟩,but the other voiced fricative,⟨z⟩,does not, to avoid the problem of itpalatalizingand being confused withĵi.The diphthong offglide⟨ŭ⟩is namedeŭ,the only real possibility given Esperantophonotacticsbesidesaŭ,which, as the word for "or", could cause confusion. The letter⟨m⟩is calledomto distinguish it from⟨n⟩;the voweloalliterates well in the Alpha betical sequenceel, om, en, o, pa.There are other patterns to the vowels in theABC rhyme:The lines start witha i a iand finish witha a e e.The letters with diacritics are placed at the end of the rhyme, taking the place ofw, x, yin other Latin Alpha bets, so as not to disrupt the pattern of letters many people learned as children. All this makes the system more easily memorized than competing proposals. The modified Kalocsayabecedaryis:
- a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha,
- i, je, ka, el, om, en, o, pa,
- ar, es, ta, u, vi, ĉa, ĝe,
- ĥi kaj ĵi, eŝ, eŭ kaj ze,
- plus ku', ikso, ipsilono,
- jen la abece-kolono.
(kajmeans "and". The last line reads:here is the ABC column)
Where letters are still confused, such asesvseŝoravsha,mention can be made of the diacritic(eŝ ĉapela),or to the manner of articulation of the sound(ha brueta"breathy aitch" ). Quite commonly, however, people will use theaitch as in housestrategy used in English.
Spelling Alpha bets
[edit]Another strategy is to use aspelling Alpha bet(literuma alfabeto), which substitutes ordinary words for letters. The following words are sometimes seen:
From a German–Esperanto dictionary byErich-Dieter Krause:[6]
- Asfalto, Barbaro, Centimetro, Ĉefo, Doktoro, Elemento, Fabriko, Gumo, Ĝirafo, Hotelo, Ĥaoso, Insekto, Jubileo, Ĵurnalo, Kilogramo, Legendo, Maŝino, Naturo, Oktobro, Papero, Kuo, Rekordo, Salato, Ŝilingo, Triumfo, Universo, Universo-hoketo, Vulkano, Ĝermana vo, Ikso, Ipsilono, Zinko[note 2]
A proposal bySimon Edward Adrian PayneinMonato:[7]
- akvo, baldaŭ, cedro, ĉirkaŭ, dolĉa, eĥo, fajfi, golfo, ĝis, hejme, ĥoro, iĝi, jaĥto, ĵuri, korpo, lingvo, morgaŭ, nokto, ofte, pelvo, kuo, riĉa, sankta, ŝaŭmi, tempo, uzi, ŭa-ŭa, vespo, vavo, ikso, ipsilono, zorgi[note 3]
A proposal byGerrit François Makkink,in which most words are tetrasyllabic so that the syllable beginning with the letter in question receives secondary stress (though only inVarsoviodo both stressed syllables begin with the letter):[8]
- Akademio, bondeziro, centjariĝo, Ĉe-metodo, delegito, Esperanto, Fundamento, gramatiko, ĝisrevido, harmonio, ĥorkantado, internacia, jubileo, ĵurnalisto, kalendaro, Ludoviko, modernigo, necesejo, okupita, propagando, kuo, redaktoro, sekretario, ŝatokupo, telefono, universala, u-supersigno, Varsovio, vuo, ikso, ipsilono, Zamenhofo
TheInternational League of Esperantist Radio Amateurs(ILERA) uses the following adaptation of theInternational Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet(ICAO and NATO "phonetic" Alpha bet):
- alfa, bravo, carli, delta, eko, fokstrot, golf, hotel, india, juliet, kilo, lima, majk, november, oskar, papa, kebek, romeo, siera, tango, uniform, viktor, ŭiski~viski, eksrej, janki, zulu
ILERA also modifies the numeralsses'6' andsep'7' tosisandsepento make them more distinct, and uses the nominal formnulofor zero.
ASCII transliteration
[edit]There are two common conventions for inputting and typesetting Esperanto in the ISO basic Latin Alpha bet when proper orthography is inconvenient. Zamenhof had suggested replacing the circumflex letters withdigraphsinh,the so-called "h-system", thus:ch, gh, hh, jh, shforĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝanduforŭ,with an apostrophe or hyphen to disambiguate actual sequences of these letters (e.g.ses-hora).[9]With the advent of computer word-processing, the so-called "x-system", with digraphs inxfor all diacritics, has become equally popular:[citation needed]cx, gx, hx, jx, sx, ux.The wordsŝanĝi"to change" andĵaŭde"on Thursday" are writtenshanghi,jhaudeandsxangxi,jxauxde,respectively, in the two systems. The h-system has a more conventional appearance, but because the letterxdoes not occur in Esperanto, it is fairly straightforward to automatically convert text written in the x-system into standard orthography; it also produces better results with Alpha betic sorting.
Punctuation
[edit]As with most languages, punctuation is not completely standardized, but in Esperanto there is the additional complication of multiple competing national traditions.
Commasare frequently used to introduce subordinate clauses (that is, beforeke"that" or theki-correlatives):
- Mi ne scias, kiel fari tion.(I don't know how to do that.)
The comma is also used for thedecimal point,while thousands are separated by non-breaking spaces:12345678,9,or sometimes by apostrophes:Li enspezis $3'300'000.
Thequestion mark(?) and theexclamation mark(!) are used at the end of a clause and may be internal to a sentence. Question words generally come at the beginning of a question, obviating the need forSpanish-style inverted question marks.
Periodsmay be used to indicateinitialisms:k.t.p.orktpforkaj tiel plu(et cetera), but not abbreviations that retain the grammatical suffixes. Instead, a hyphen optionally replaces the missing letters:D-roorDroforDoktoro(Dr). With ordinal numerals, the adjectivalaand accusativenmay be superscripted:13aor13a(13th). The abbreviationkis used without a period forkaj(and); theampersand(&) is not found.Roman numeralsare also avoided.
Thehyphenis also occasionally used to clarify compounds, and to join grammatical suffixes to proper names that haven't been Esperantized or don't have a nominal-osuffix, such as the accusative onKalocsay-norKálmán-on.The proximate particleĉiused with correlatives, such asĉi tiu'this one' andĉi tie'here', may be poetically used with nouns and verbs as well(ĉi jaro'this year',esti ĉi'to be here'), but if these phrases are then changed to adjectives or adverbs, a hyphen is used:ĉi-jare'this year',ĉi-landa birdo'a bird of this land'.[10]
Quotation marksshow the greatest variety of any punctuation. The use of Esperanto quotation marks was never stated in Zamenhof's work; it was assumed that a printer would use whatever was available, usually the national standard of the printer's country.Em dashes(—...),guillemets(«...» or reversed »...«), double quote marks ( “...” and German-style „... “) and more are all found. Since the age of word-processing, however, American-style quotation marks are the most widespread. Quotations may be introduced with either acommaor acolon.
Time and date format is not standardized among Esperantists, but internationally unambiguous formats such as 1970-01-01 (ISO) or 1-jan-1970 are preferred when the date is not spelled out in full ( "la 1-a de januaro 1970" ).
Capitalization
[edit]Capitalizationis used for the first word of a sentence and for proper names when used as nouns. Names of months, days of the week, ethnicities, languages, and the adjectival forms of proper names are not typically capitalized(anglo"an Englishman",angla"English",usona"US American" ), though national norms may override such generalizations. Titles are more variable: both the Romance style of capitalizing only the first word of the title and the English style of capitalizing all lexical words are found.
All capitals or small capitals are used foracronymsandinitialismsof proper names, likeTEJO,but not common expressions likektp(etc.). Small capitals are also a common convention forfamily names,to avoid the confusion of varying national naming conventions:KalocsayKálmán,LeslieCheungKwok-wing.
Camel case,with or without a hyphen, may occur when a prefix is added to a proper noun:la geZamenhofoj(the Zamenhofs),pra-Esperanto(Proto-Esperanto). It is also used forRussian-stylesyllabic acronyms, such as the nameReVoforReta Vortaro( "Internet Dictionary" ), which is homonymous withrevo(dream). Occasionally mixed capitalization will be used for orthographic puns, such asespERAnto,which stands for theesperanta radikala asocio(Radical Esperanto Association).
Zamenhof contrasted informalciwith formal, and capitalized,Vias the second-person singular pronouns. However, lower-caseviis now used as the second-person pronoun regardless of number.
Spesmilo symbol
[edit]Unique to the Esperanto script is thespesmilo(1000specie) sign,⟨₷⟩,anSmmonogramfor an obsolete international unit of auxiliary Esperanto currency used by a few British and Swiss banks before World War I. It is often transcribed asSm,usually italic.
Braille, fingerspelling, and Morse code
[edit]⠁ a |
⠃ b |
⠉ c |
⠩ ĉ |
⠙ d |
⠑ e |
⠋ f |
⠛ g |
⠻ ĝ |
⠓ h |
⠳ ĥ |
⠊ i |
⠚ j |
⠺ ĵ |
⠅ k |
⠇ l |
⠍ m |
⠝ n |
⠕ o |
⠏ p |
⠗ r |
⠎ s |
⠮ ŝ |
⠞ t |
⠥ u |
⠬ ŭ |
⠧ v |
⠵ z |
⠟ q |
⠾ w |
⠭ x |
⠽ y |
Esperanto versions ofbrailleandMorse codeinclude the six diacritic letters.
An Esperanto braille magazine,Aŭroro,has been published since 1920.
Ĉ | ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄ |
Ĝ | ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ |
Ĥ | ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ |
Ĵ | ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ |
Ŝ | ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ |
Ŭ | ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ |
In Morse code, a dot is added to C and J to derive Ĉ and Ĵ, a dash–dot is added to G and S to derive Ĝ and Ŝ, a dash is added to U to derive Ǔ, and the four dots of H are changed to four dashes for Ĥ. However, users often substitute these novel letters with digraphsch, gh, jh, shetc.[9]
There is a proposedmanual Alpha betas part of theSignunoproject. Signuno, as a signed variant of Esperanto, is itself a manuallogographicEsperanto orthography. The majority of letters of the manual Alpha bet resemble those of theAmerican manual Alpha bet,but also of theFrench manual Alpha betand others. The diacritic letters Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ have their own signs, and J and Z are distinct from other Alpha bets, as none of the Signuno letters involve motion.[11] Digits are formed by extending the fingers from the index to the pinkie for 1 to 4, from the pinkie to the thumb (keeping the middle finger down) for 6 to 9, and from the thumb to index for 11 and 12; the last two are used for months and hours. Zero is represented by the fist, 5 by the whole hand extended, and 10 as the letter X.[12]
Other scripts
[edit]TheShavian Alpha bet,which was designed for English, was modified for use with Esperanto by John Wesley Starling. Though not widely used, at least one booklet has been published with sample Shavian texts.[13]Not all letters are equivalent to their English values, and special forms of the letters⟨n⟩and⟨s⟩have been added for the accusative case ending and verbal inflections; the grammatical endings and the wordsla'the',aŭ'or' andkaj'and' are written as ligatures.
The vowels necessarily differ from English. Esperantoa e i o utake the letters for English/æɛɪəɒ/,with more regard to graphic symmetry than phonetic faithfulness in the cases ofoandu.Ctakes the letter for/θ/,theCastilianvalue ofcbeforeeandi,andĥthat for/ŋ/,the inverse of the letter for/h/.[note 4]The most divergent letters are those formandn,which are/ʊuː/in English, but which are graphically better suited to be distinct letters than English Shavian/mn/.
The US television seriesResident Alienuses an invented script that does not distinguishuandv,and ignores diacritics, to transcribe Esperanto as the alien language. It is written right to left.
TheCyrillic scripthas also been adapted to write Esperanto.[14]
The 2017 Japanese-languagevisual novelThe Expression Amrilatoand its 2021 sequelDistant Memoraĵofeature a language namedJuliamothat is actually Esperanto in a modified Latin Alpha bet.
Computer input
[edit]The Esperanto Alpha bet is part of theLatin-3andUnicodecharacter sets, and is included inWGL4. The code points and HTML entities for the Esperanto characters with diacritics and the spesmilo sign are:
Glyph | Codepoint | Name | HTML entities |
---|---|---|---|
Ĉ | U+0108 | Latin capital letter c with circumflex | Ĉ, Ĉ, Ĉ |
ĉ | U+0109 | Latin small letter c with circumflex | ĉ, ĉ, ĉ |
Ĝ | U+011C | Latin capital letter g with circumflex | Ĝ, Ĝ, Ĝ |
ĝ | U+011D | Latin small letter g with circumflex | ĝ, ĝ, ĝ |
Ĥ | U+0124 | Latin capital letter h with circumflex | Ĥ, Ĥ, Ĥ |
ĥ | U+0125 | Latin small letter h with circumflex | ĥ, ĥ, ĥ |
Ĵ | U+0134 | Latin capital letter j with circumflex | Ĵ, Ĵ, Ĵ |
ĵ | U+0135 | Latin small letter j with circumflex | ĵ, ĵ, ĵ |
Ŝ | U+015C | Latin capital letter s with circumflex | Ŝ, Ŝ, Ŝ |
ŝ | U+015D | Latin small letter s with circumflex | ŝ, ŝ, ŝ |
Ŭ | U+016C | Latin capital letter u with breve | Ŭ, Ŭ, Ŭ |
ŭ | U+016D | Latin small letter u with breve | ŭ, ŭ, ŭ |
₷ | U+20B7 | Spesmilo sign | ₷, ₷ |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^There are no letters that are only differentiated by their diacritical marks, as opposed to, e.g.Frenchèandé.
- ^A few of these words may be difficult to distinguish from other Esperanto words in noisy conditions, such asgumo – kubo, naturo – maturo – daturo, maŝino – baseno, vulkano – bulgaro,andzinko – ŝinko,and so may not be easily recognizable if the system is not known.
- ^A few of these words may also be difficult to distinguish from other Esperanto words or, in the cases ofgolfoandkorpo,alsoŭa-ŭaandvavo,even from each other.
- ^Shaw's use of inverted⟨h⟩for⟨ŋ⟩was a phonetic joke, as English/h/and/ŋ/are incomplementary distribution.
References
[edit]- ^abKalocsay & Waringhien,Plena analiza gramatiko,§ 17
- ^Disregardingvoicing assimilationof consonants
- ^Plena analiza gramatiko,§ 22
- ^"PMEG".bertilow.
- ^Gaston Waringhien,ed. (2005).Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto.Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda.ISBN2-9502432-8-2.Retrieved23 January2014.
duobla voaŭĝermana vo.Nomo de neesperanta grafemo, kun la formo W, w, (prononcata v aŭ ŭ, depende de la lingvoj)[double VorGermanic V.Name of a non-Esperantographeme,with the form W, w, (pronounced v or ǔ [that is, with the sound of English "v" or "w" ], depending on the language)]
- ^http://bertilow /pmeg/gramatiko/oa-vortecaj_vortetoj/liternomoj.html
Although this source claims these words are "used by" the World Esperanto Association, it was in fact simply reprinted in the 1995 edition of theJarlibro(p. 93). - ^Monato, internacia magazino sendependa,numero 1996/01, paĝo 22: 'Bonvolu l-i-t-e-r-umi!'
- ^G F Makkink:Nia Fundamento sub lupeo
- ^abLenio Marobin, PY3DF (2008)'Morsa kodo kaj Esperanto – rekolekto de artikoloj iam aperintaj'[permanent dead link ],ILERA Bulteno n-o 70, p-o 04.
- ^Kalocsay and Waringhien, § 54.
- ^Signuno (2011)Signuno, la signolingvo por Esperanto kaj Gestuno. Jen la manalfabeto.Archived5 February 2021 at theWayback Machine
- ^Dr Signuno (2016)Signuno: Signolingvo por Esperanto,p. 2.
- ^Starling (ca. 2013)La Ŝava Alfabeto
- ^Ager, Simon.Esperanto Cyrillic (Есперанто-цирила)