Essays(Francis Bacon)

Essayes: Religious Meditations. Places of Perswasion and Disswasion. Seene and Allowed(1597) was the first published book by thephilosopher,statesmanandjurist Francis Bacon.TheEssaysare written in a wide range of styles, from the plain and unadorned to the epigrammatic. They cover topics drawn from both public and private life, and in each case the essays cover their topics systematically from a number of different angles, weighing one argument against another. While the original edition included 10 essays, a much-enlarged second edition appeared in 1612 with 38. Another, under the titleEssayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall,was published in 1625 with 58 essays. Translations into French and Italian appeared during Bacon's lifetime.^[1]^[2]In Bacon's Essay, "Of Plantations" published in 1625, he relates planting colonies to war. He states that such plantations should be governed by those with a commission or authority to exercise martial law.^[3]

Critical reception[edit]

Though Bacon considered theEssays"but as recreation of my other studies", he was given high praise by his contemporaries, even to the point of crediting him with having invented the essay form.^[4]^[5]Later researches made clear the extent of Bacon's borrowings from the works ofMontaigne,Aristotleand other writers, but theEssayshave nevertheless remained in the highest repute.^[6]^[7]The 19th-century literary historianHenry Hallamwrote that "They are deeper and more discriminating than any earlier, or almost any later, work in the English language".^[8]

TheEssaysstimulatedRichard Whatelyto republish them with extensive annotations that Whately extrapolated from the originals.^[9]

Aphorisms[edit]

Bacon's genius as a phrase-maker appears to great advantage in the later essays. InOf Boldnesshe wrote, "If the Hill will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet will go to the hill", which is the earliest known appearance ofthat proverbin print.^[10]The phrase "hostages to fortune"appears in the essayOf Marriage and Single Life– again the earliest known usage.^[11]Aldous Huxley's bookJesting Pilatetook its epigraph, "What is Truth?said jestingPilate;and would not stay for an answer ", from Bacon's essayOf Truth.^[12]The 1999 edition ofThe Oxford Dictionary of Quotationsincludes no fewer than 91 quotations from theEssays.^[13]

Contents listing[edit]

The contents pages of Thomas Markby's 1853 edition list the essays and their dates of publication as follows:^[14]

Of Truth(1625)
Of Death(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Unity in Religion/Of Religion(1612, rewritten 1625)
Of Revenge(1625)
Of Adversity(1625)
Of Simulation and Dissimulation(1625)
Of Parents and Children(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Marriage and Single Life(1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Envy(1625)
Of Love(1612, rewritten 1625)
Of Great Place(1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Boldness(1625)
Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Nobility(1612, rewritten 1625)
Of Seditions and Troubles(1625)
Of Atheism(1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Superstition(1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Travel(1625)
Of Empire(1612, much enlarged 1625)
Of Counsels(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Delays(1625)
Of Cunning(1612, rewritten 1625)
Of Wisdom for a Man's Self(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Innovations(1625)
Of Dispatch(1612)
Of Seeming Wise(1612)
Of Friendship(1612, rewritten 1625)
Of Expense(1597, enlarged 1612, again 1625)
Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Regiment of Health(1597, enlarged 1612, again 1625)
Of Suspicion(1625)
Of Discourse(1597, slightly enlarged 1612, again 1625)
Of Plantations(1625)
Of Riches(1612, much enlarged 1625)
Of Prophecies(1625)
Of Ambition(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Masques and Triumphs(1625)
Of Nature in Men(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Custom and Education(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Fortune(1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Usury(1625)
Of Youth and Age(1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Beauty(1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Deformity(1612, somewhat altered 1625)
Of Building(1625)
Of Gardens(1625)
Of Negotiating(1597, enlarged 1612, very slightly altered 1625)
Of Followers and Friends(1597, slightly enlarged 1625)
Of Suitors(1597, enlarged 1625)
Of Studies(1597, enlarged 1625)
Of Faction(1597, much enlarged 1625)
Of Ceremonies and Respects(1597, enlarged 1625)
Of Praise(1612, enlarged 1625)
Of Vain Glory(1612)
Of Honour and Reputation(1597, omitted 1612, republished 1625)
Of Judicature(1612)
Of Anger(1625)
Of Vicissitude of Things(1625)
A Fragment of an Essay of Fame
Of the Colours of Good and Evil

Recent editions[edit]

Michael J. Hawkins (ed.)Essays(London: J. M. Dent, 1973). No. 1010 inEveryman's Library.
Michael Kiernan (ed.)The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985). Vol. 15 of The Oxford Francis Bacon.
John Pitcher (ed.)The Essays(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1985). In thePenguin Classicsseries.
Brian Vickers(ed.)The Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral(New York: Oxford University Press). In theOxford World's Classicsseries.

Footnotes[edit]

^Burch, Dinah, ed. (January 2009).The Essays.Oxford Reference Online (Subscription service).ISBN 978-0-19-280687-1.Retrieved12 May2012.{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)
^"Catalogue entry".Copac.Retrieved12 May2012.
^Zeitlin, Samuel Garrett (2021)."Francis Bacon on Imperial and Colonial Warfare".The Review of Politics.83(2): 196–218.doi:10.1017/S0034670520001011.ISSN 0034-6705.
^Heard, Franklin Fiske."Bacon's Essays, with annotations by Richard Whately and notes and a glossarial index".Making of America Books.Retrieved13 May2012.
^Bacon, Francis (2000) [1985]. Kiernan, Michael (ed.).The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall.New York: Oxford University Press. p. xlix.ISBN 0198186738.Retrieved13 May2012.
^Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, Brian, eds. (2004).The OxfordDictionary of National Biography,vol. 3.Oxford University Press. p. 142.
^Ward, A. W.;Waller, A. R.,eds. (1907–27).The Cambridge History of English and American Literature.Cambridge University Press. pp. 395–98.
^Hallam, Henry (1854).Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries, Vol 2.Boston: Little, Brown. p. 514.
^Richard Whately(1858)Bacon’s Essays with AnnotationsviaInternet Archive
^Simpson, John (1993).The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs.Oxford University Press. p. 176.
^The Oxford English Dictionary Vol 7.Oxford. 1989. p. 418.
^Huxley, Aldous (1930).Jesting Pilate.London: Chatto and Windus.
^Knowles, Elizabeth M., ed. (1999).The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations.Oxford University Press. pp. 42–44.
^Markby, Thomas (1853).The Essays, or, Counsels, Civil and Moral; With a Table of the Colours of Good and Evil.London: Parker. pp. xi–xii.Retrieved13 May2012.

External links[edit]

Original Scan of the University of Toronto(including Meditationes Sacræ)
Discussion of theEssaysfromThe Cambridge History of English and American Literature
Richard Whately's 1857 edition ofEssaysatGoogle Books.

[1] Burch, Dinah, ed. (January 2009).The Essays.Oxford Reference Online (Subscription service).ISBN 978-0-19-280687-1.Retrieved12 May2012.{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)

[2] "Catalogue entry".Copac.Retrieved12 May2012.

[3] Zeitlin, Samuel Garrett (2021)."Francis Bacon on Imperial and Colonial Warfare".The Review of Politics.83(2): 196–218.doi:10.1017/S0034670520001011.ISSN 0034-6705.

[4] Heard, Franklin Fiske."Bacon's Essays, with annotations by Richard Whately and notes and a glossarial index".Making of America Books.Retrieved13 May2012.

[5] Bacon, Francis (2000) [1985]. Kiernan, Michael (ed.).The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall.New York: Oxford University Press. p. xlix.ISBN 0198186738.Retrieved13 May2012.

[6] Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, Brian, eds. (2004).The OxfordDictionary of National Biography,vol. 3.Oxford University Press. p. 142.

[7] Ward, A. W.;Waller, A. R.,eds. (1907–27).The Cambridge History of English and American Literature.Cambridge University Press. pp. 395–98.

[8] Hallam, Henry (1854).Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries, Vol 2.Boston: Little, Brown. p. 514.

[9] Richard Whately(1858)Bacon’s Essays with AnnotationsviaInternet Archive

[10] Simpson, John (1993).The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs.Oxford University Press. p. 176.

[11] The Oxford English Dictionary Vol 7.Oxford. 1989. p. 418.

[12] Huxley, Aldous (1930).Jesting Pilate.London: Chatto and Windus.

[13] Knowles, Elizabeth M., ed. (1999).The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations.Oxford University Press. pp. 42–44.

[14] Markby, Thomas (1853).The Essays, or, Counsels, Civil and Moral; With a Table of the Colours of Good and Evil.London: Parker. pp. xi–xii.Retrieved13 May2012.

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v t e Francis Bacon
Philosophy	Baconian method Idola fori Idola theatri Idola specus Idola tribus Salomon's House
Works	Essays(1597) The Advancement of Learning(1605) Novum Organum(1620) History of the Reign of King Henry VII(1622) New Atlantis(1627) Complete bibliography
Family	Alice Barnham(wife) Nicholas Bacon(father) Anne Bacon(mother)
Other	Bacon's cipher Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon Occult theories Romanticism and Bacon

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International	VIAF
National	France BnF data Germany Israel United States
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