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Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung

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Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The 17 September 2010 front page
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatNordisch
Owner(s)Fazit-Stiftung
PublisherCarsten Knop
Berthold Kohler
Jürgen Kaube
Gerald Braunberger
Founded1 November 1949;74 years ago(1949-11-01)
Political alignmentLiberal conservatism[1][2]
Conservative liberalism[3][4]
Centre-right[1][5]
Pro-CDU/CSU
LanguageGerman
HeadquartersFrankfurt,Germany
Circulation201,408 (Print, 2021)
56,000 (Digital, 2020)
ISSN0174-4909
Websitewww.faz.net

TheFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung(German:[ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐʔalɡəˈmaɪnəˈtsaɪtʊŋ];FAZ;"Frankfurt General Newspaper" ) is a Germannewspaperfounded in 1949. It is published daily inFrankfurt[6]and is considered anewspaper of recordfor Germany.[7]Its Sunday edition is theFrankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung([-ˈzɔntaːksˌtsaɪtʊŋ];FAS).

The paper runs its own network ofcorrespondents.Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors.

History

[edit]
Konrad Adenauerreading theFAZin 1961

The first edition of theFAZappeared on 1 November 1949;[8][9]its founding editors were Hans Baumgarten, Erich Dombrowski, Karl Korn,Paul SetheandErich Welter.[10]Welter acted as editor until 1980. Some editors had worked for the moderateFrankfurter Zeitung,which had been banned in 1943. However, in their first issue, theFAZeditorial expressly refuted the notion of being the earlier paper's successor, or of continuing its legacy:

Arising from the fact that some of our colleagues previously were members of theFrankfurter Zeitung,it often has been suggested an attempt was being made here to be the successor to that newspaper. Such an assumption misjudges our intentions. Like everyone, we too admired the high quality of that paper;...however, showing respect for an outstanding achievement does not imply a desire to copy it.

— FAZ Editorial board, Dohrendorf, 1990.[11]

Until 30 September 1950, theFAZwas printed inMainz.

Traditionally, many of the headlines in theFAZwere styled inblackletterformat, and no photographs appeared on the title page. Some of the rare exceptions were a picture of celebrating people in front of the BerlinReichstagon 4 October 1990 (German Unity Day), and two pictures in the edition on 12 September 2001 (one day after theSeptember 11 attacks) showing the collapsingWorld Trade Centerand American presidentGeorge W. Bush.

In the early 2000s,FAZexpanded aggressively, with customized sections for Berlin and Munich.[12]An eight-page six-day-a-week English-language edition was distributed as an insert inThe International Herald Tribune(which is owned byThe New York Times Company); the articles were selected and translated from the same day's edition of the parent newspaper by theFAZstaff in Frankfurt.[13]However, FAZ group[which?]suffered a loss of 60.6 million euros in 2002. By 2004, the customized sections were scrapped. The English edition shrank to a tabloid published once a week.[12]

On 5 October 2007, theFAZaltered its traditional layout to include color photographs on the front page, and replacedblacklettertypeface outside thenameplate.Due to its traditionallysober[weasel words]layout, the introduction of color photographs was controversially discussed byFAZreaders, becoming the subject of a 2009 comedy film.[14]

Currently, theFAZis produced electronically using theIBMNetworked Interactive Content Access (NICA) software andUnisysHermes.[15]For its characteristic comment headings, a digitalFrakturfont was ordered. This font has since been abandoned, due to the above-mentioned change of layout.

After introducing the new spelling prescribed byGerman orthography reform of 1996on 1 August 1999, the paper returned to the old spelling exactly one year later, declaring that the reform had failed to achieve its primary goals of improving language mastery and strengthening the unity of the language.[16]Afterseveral changeshad been made to the new spelling,FAZaccepted it and started using it (in a custom version) on 1 January 2007.[17]

In December 1999, future German ChancellorAngela Merkelpublished an article in theFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,lamenting the "tragedy" that had befallen the party (CDU donations scandal), blaming former ChancellorHelmut Kohland urging a new course.[18]

Orientation

[edit]
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Its political orientation isliberal-conservative,[2]occasionally providing a forum to commentators with different opinions.

In the2013 electionsthe paper endorsed theCDU/CSU alliance.[19]

Ownership

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The company has the legal form of aGmbH(company withlimited liability); the independentFazit-Stiftung Gemeinnützige Verlagsgesellschaft mbH[de](Fazit-Foundation) is its majority shareholder, holding 93.7% of shares.[20]The FAZIT-Stiftung was created in 1959 by the transformation of the thenFAZownerGerman:Allgemeine Verlagsgesellschaft mbHinto aprivate foundation.It is 'owned' by up to nine persons who can't sell or buy their share but have to transmit it free of charge to a successor which is co-opted by the remaining shareholders. The foundations statute prescribes that only such persons shall be co-opted as new member, who "by their standing and personality" can guarantee the "independence" of theFAZ.The current group of seven is composed of active or former CEOs, company owners, board members, and corporate lawyers. The foundation also owns more than 90% of the shares of the company 'Frankfurter Societät' which in turn is owner of theprinting enterprise'Frankfurter Societätsdruckerei' and the regional paperFrankfurter Neue Presse.

Circulation

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Former Editorial department building ofFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung

TheF.A.Z.is one of several high-profile national newspapers in Germany (along withSüddeutsche Zeitung,Die Welt,Die Zeit,Frankfurter RundschauandDie Tageszeitung). In 2011, it counted 40 foreign correspondents among its staff.[21]

The 1993 circulation of the paper was 391,013 copies.[22]In 2001, it had a circulation of 409,000 copies.[23]The 2007 circulation of the daily edition was 382,499 copies.[24]The 2016 (IVW II/2016) circulation of the daily edition was 256,188 copies.[25]

Bans

[edit]

In 2006, theFAZwas banned inEgyptfor publishing articles which were deemed as "insulting Islam".[26]In February 2008, the paper was again banned in Egypt due to the publication of cartoons depictingMuhammad.[27]

In November 2012, the paper provoked strong criticism in Spain because of its stance against Spanish immigration to Germany during the economic crisis.[28]

In July 2019, theFAZwebsite, along with other major German media, includingSpiegel Online,was blocked by China'sGreat Firewall.The reasons for the ban remain unclear, butFAZbelieved it was possibly due to its reporting on the2019–2020 Hong Kong protests.[29][30]

Notable contributors

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See also

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References

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  1. ^abSilverstein, Jordana; Rachel Stevens, eds. (2021).Refugee Journeys: Histories of Resettlement, Representation and Resistance.ANU Press.p. 91.ISBN978-1-7604-6419-6.... Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), centre-right, liberal conservative • Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ), centre-left, progressive liberalism • Bildzeitung, centre-right, conservative populist tabloid • Frankfurter Rundschau (FR),...
  2. ^abEnzensberger, Hans Magnus (16 October 2007)."Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen".(in German).Deutschland Radio.
  3. ^Spohn, Willfried; Matthias Koenig; Wolfgang Knöbl, eds. (2015).Religion and National Identities in an Enlarged Europe.Springer.ISBN978-0-2303-9077-5.Newspapers taken from the highprofile press are the left–liberal Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ), the conservative–liberal Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), and the bourgeois–liberal Die Welt (DW), as well as the Christiansocial...
  4. ^Taylor, Heimy; Werner Haas, eds. (2007).German: A Self-Teaching Guide.John Wiley & Sons. p. 243.ISBN978-0-4701-6551-5.... They represent different political opinions—for instance, the Süddeutsche Zeitung (liberal), the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (conservative-liberal), or Die Welt (conservative). Add to that (literally: to that, come) political...
  5. ^Picard, Robert G., ed. (2015).The Euro Crisis in the Media: Journalistic Coverage of Economic Crisis and European Institutions.Bloomsbury Publishing.p. 271.ISBN978-0-8577-2701-5.... Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), centre-right, liberal conservative • Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ), centre-left, progressive liberalism • Bildzeitung, centre-right, conservative populist tabloid • Frankfurter Rundschau (FR),...
  6. ^Hellack, Georg (1992)."Press, Radio and Television in the Federal Republic of Germany"(Report).Inter Nationes.Retrieved3 April2015.
  7. ^Zerofsky, Elisabeth (11 November 2017)."How a German Newspaper Became the Go-To Place for Leaks Like the Paradise Papers".The New Yorker.Archivedfrom the original on 2 May 2024.Retrieved10 October2024....Frankfurter Allgemeineas the dailynewspaper of recordin Germany.
  8. ^"World Press Trends"(PDF).WAN IFRA.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 28 June 2014.Retrieved4 April2015.
  9. ^Hess, Sigurd (2009). "German Intelligence Organizations and the Media".Journal of Intelligence History.9(1–2): 75–87.doi:10.1080/16161262.2009.10555166.S2CID154195583.
  10. ^Williams, Robert (2013).Das Freie Wort? The structuring of East and West German Press Culture during the American and Soviet Occupations(Ph.D. thesis). Washington D.C.: American University. p. 165.doi:10.17606/4zpc-fq15– via ProQuest.
  11. ^Dohrendorf, Rüdiger (1990) [First published in 1990 as the author's doctoral thesis at theUniversity of Hamburg].Zum publizistischen Profil derFrankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung:computerunterstützte Inhaltsanalyse von Kommentaren der FAZ[On the media profile of theFrankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung:computer-aided text analysis of commentary in the FAZ]. Europäische Hochschulschriften, Reihe XXII, Soziologie; Bd. 204. (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Lang. p. 9.ISBN978-3-631-43179-5.OCLC25676477.Aus der Tatsache, daß einige unserer Mitarbeiter früher der Redaktion der ‚Frankfurter Zeitung' angehört haben, ist vielfach geschlossen worden, hier werde der Versuch gemacht, die Nachfolgeschaft dieses Blattes anzutreten. Eine solche Annahme verkennt unsere Absichten. Wie jeder, so haben auch wir die hohen Qualitäten dieses Blattes bewundert;… Aber der Respekt vor einer hervorragenden Leistung bedeutet noch nicht den Wunsch, sie zu kopieren.
  12. ^abLandler, Mark(19 January 2004)."MEDIA; Woes at Two Pillars of German Journalism".The New York Times.Retrieved2 February2015.
  13. ^"FAZ English Edition Debuts With the IHT".The New York Times.3 April 2000.Retrieved2 February2015.
  14. ^Jakobs, Hans-Jürgen (17 May 2010)."Und sie dreht sich doch"[And she in fact does change].Süddeutsche Zeitung(in German).Retrieved2 February2015.
  15. ^"Die FAZ modernisiert ihr Redaktionssystem"[The FAZ modernizes its editorial system].Computerwoche(in German).Retrieved6 March2024.
  16. ^"Die" FAZ "ruft zur Konterrevolution auf"[The "FAZ" calls for counter-revolution].Der Spiegel.26 July 2000.Retrieved29 July2024.
  17. ^Giersberg, Dagmar (December 2007)."Chronicle of a Long Debate: The Spelling Reform".Translated by Hillary Crowe and Heather Moers.Goethe-Institut.Archived fromthe originalon 18 December 2013.Retrieved2 February2015.
  18. ^Smale, Alison(30 October 2012)."The Making of Angela Merkel".The New York Times.Retrieved2 February2015.
  19. ^Artero, Juan P. (February 2015)."Political Parallelism and Media Coalitions in Western Europe"(PDF).Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.Archived fromthe original(Working paper)on 16 April 2015.Retrieved8 April2015.
  20. ^Annual report of FAZIT Foundation atebundesanzeiger.de
  21. ^Elsler, Monika (5 September 2011).Die Aneignung von Medienkultur: Rezipienten, politische Akteure und Medienakteure[The appropriation of media culture: recipients, political actors and media actors] (in German). Springer.ISBN978-3-5319-3471-6.
  22. ^Humphreys, Peter (1996).Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe.European Policy Research Unit series. Manchester University Press. p. 82.ISBN978-0-7190-3196-0.OCLC33008396.Retrieved29 October2014.
  23. ^Smith, Adam (15 November 2002)."Europe's Top Papers".Campaign.Retrieved5 February2015.
  24. ^"Science News? Overview of Science Reporting in the EU"(PDF).EU.2007.Retrieved5 October2013.[dead link]
  25. ^"About us: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung".EU.2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2016.Retrieved28 September2016.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  26. ^"The Impact of Blasphemy Laws on Human Rights"(Policy Brief).Freedom House.Retrieved29 September2013.
  27. ^"Der Spiegel issue on Islam banned in Egypt".France 24.2 April 2008.Retrieved29 September2013.
  28. ^"Aumenta el rechazo y temor a la 'avalancha' de españoles en Alemania"[Rejection and fear of the 'avalanche' of Spaniards in Germany grow].El Mundo.Madrid. 19 November 2012.Retrieved29 July2024.
  29. ^Ankenbrand, Hendrik."Internetzensur: China sperrt die F.A.Z."[Internet censorship: China blocks theF.A.Z.].Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung(in German).Retrieved9 July2019.
  30. ^"《 Frankfort hội báo 》 trang web cũng bị Trung Quốc che chắn"[F.A.Z.website also blocked in China].Radio France Internationale(in Simplified Chinese). 8 July 2019.Retrieved9 July2019.

Further reading

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  • Merrill, John Calhoun; Fisher, Harold A. (1980).The World's Great Dailies.New York: Hastings House. pp. 130–37.ISBN978-0-8038-8096-2.
  • Hoeres, Peter (2019).Zeitung für Deutschland(in German). München Salzburg: Benevento.ISBN978-3-7109-0080-8.
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