Fennoman movement
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(January 2017) |
TheFennoman movementorFennomaniawas aFinnish nationalistmovement in the 19th-centuryGrand Duchy of Finland,built on the work of thefennophileinterests of the 18th and early-19th centuries.
History
[edit]
After theCrimean War,Fennomans founded theFinnish Partyand intensifiedthe language strife,yearning to raise theFinnish languageandFinnicculture from peasant status to the position of a national language and a national culture. The opposition, theSvecomans,tried to defend the status ofSwedishand the ties to theGermanic world.
Although the notion ofFennomanswas not as common after the generation ofJuho Kusti Paasikivi(born 1870), their ideas have dominated the Finns' understanding of their nation.[further explanation needed]
The mother tongue of many of the first generation of Fennomans, likeJohan Vilhelm Snellman,was Swedish. Some of the originallySwedish-speakingFennomans learned Finnish, and made a point of using it inside and outside the home.[citation needed]
Several Fennomans were from Finnish or bilingual homes. Some originally had Swedish surnames, common in Finland at that time.
Most of the Fennomans alsoFinnicizedtheir family names, particularly from the end of the 19th century.
In the last years of the 19th century, and in the first years of the 20th, the Fennoman movement split into two political parties: theOld Finnish Partyand theYoung Finnish Party.
Motto
[edit]The Fennomanmottoattributed toAdolf Ivar Arwidssonwas actually coined byJohan Vilhelm Snellman: "Svenskar äro vi icke, ryssar vilja vi icke bli, låt oss alltså vara finnar."
- "We are not Swedes,
- We do not want to be Russians,
- So let's be Finns."[6]
Prominent Fennomans
[edit]- Daniel Juslenius
- Fredrik Cygnaeus
- Yrjö Sakari Yrjö-Koskinen,formerly Georg Zacharias Forsman
- Alexandra Gripenberg
- Lauri Kivekäs,formerly Stenbäck
- Johannes Linnankoski
- Agathon Meurman
- Hjalmar Mellin
- Julius Krohn
- Juho Kusti Paasikivi,formerly Johan Gustav Hellsten
- Eemil Nestor Setälä
- Johan Vilhelm Snellman
- Eero Järnefelt
- Otto Donner
- Heikki Renvall
- Toivo Kuula
- Yrjö Jahnsson
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Snellman, Johan Vilhelm (1806 - 1881)
- ^Snellman, the man who inspired Finns to be Finns
- ^Prime Minister Vanhanen at the Celebration of J.V. Snellman
- ^Five Facts That You Didn’t Know About J.V. Snellman
- ^Andrew Nestingen: Crime and Fantasy in Scandinavia: Fiction, Film and Social Change. University of Washington Press, 2008.ISBN978-8763507936.
- ^Kari Tarkiainen:Adolf Ivar Arwidsson,inMatti Klinge(ed.):Suomen kansallisbiografia1. SKS, Helsinki 2003,ISBN951-746-442-8(page 406)