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Fingal

Coordinates:53°27′35″N6°13′05″W/ 53.4597°N 6.2181°W/53.4597; -6.2181
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For other uses, seeFingal (disambiguation).
"Fingall" redirects here. For the village in North Yorkshire, England, seeFinghall.

Fingal
Fine Gall
County
Coat of arms of Fingal
Coat of arms
Motto(s):
Flúirse Talaimh is Mara(Irish)
"Abundance of Land and Sea"
Fingal (dark green) shown within County Dublin (light green) and within Ireland (lighter green)
Fingal (dark green) shown withinCounty Dublin(light green) and within Ireland (lighter green)
CountryIreland
ProvinceLeinster
RegionEastern and Midland
Established1994
County townSwords
Government
•Local authorityFingal County Council
•Dáil constituencies
•EP constituencyDublin
Area
[1]
• Total456 km2(176 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Knockbrack)
176 m (577 ft)
Population
(2022)[2]
• Total330,506
• Density720/km2(1,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC±0(WET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+1(IST)
Eircode
D9, D11,D15,K32, K34, K36, K45, K56, K67
Telephone area codes01
Vehicle index
mark code		D
WebsiteOfficial websiteEdit this at Wikidata
Map

Fingal(English:/ˈfɪŋɡɔːl/FING-gawl;[3]fromIrishFine Gall,meaning 'foreign tribe') is acountyinIreland.It is in theprovinceofLeinsterand is part of theEastern and Midland Region.It is one of three successor counties toCounty Dublin,which was disestablished for administrative purposes in 1994. Its name is derived from the medieval territory ofScandinavianforeigners (Irish:gaill) that settled in the area.Fingal County Councilis thelocal authorityfor the county. In 2022 the population of the county was 330,506, making it the second most populated council in Dublin and the third most populous county in the state.[2]

Geography and subdivisions[edit]

Fingal is one of three counties into whichCounty Dublinwas divided in 1994.Swordsis thecounty town.The other large urban centre isBlanchardstown.Smaller towns includeBalbrigganandMalahide.Suburban villages with extensive housing includeBaldoyle,Castleknock,Howth(and Sutton),Lusk,Donabate,Portmarnock,Skerries.[4]Small rural settlements exist in the northern and western parts of the county. The motto of the arms of Fingal readsIrish:Flúirse Talaimh is Marameaning "Abundance of Land and Sea". The motto reflects the strong farming and fishing ties historically associated with the area. It also features aVikinglongboat, which represents the arrival of the Norse in Fingal, where they became integrated with the existing Irish. Fingal is bordered byCounty Meathto the north, byKildareto the west and byDublincity to the south. At the Strawberry Beds, theRiver Liffeyseparates the county fromSouth Dublin.

Towns and villages[edit]

Fingal varies enormously in character, from densely populated suburban areas of the contiguous Dublin metropolitan region to remote rural villages and small, unpopulated agricultural townlands.

The northernmost parts ofBallymun,SantryandFinglasare also part of Fingal. Clonee, part of County Meath, has housing estates in its hinterland that merge into the estates ofOngarin western Fingal.

Baronies and civil parishes[edit]

Baronies of County Dublin

The former county of Dublin was divided into ninebaronies.[4 1]The part of Fingal within County Dublin was in later centuries subdivided into the following administrative baronies:Balrothery West,Balrothery East,Nethercross,CastleknockandCoolock.While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. The last boundary change of a barony in Dublin was in 1842, when the barony of Balrothery was divided into Balrothery East and Balrothery West. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units". The boundaries of Fingal do not respect the boundaries of the baronies. As a result, only three baronies are entirely contained in the county:Balrothery East,Balrothery West,andNethercross.Parts of three baronies are also contained in the county:Castleknock,Coolock,andNewcastle.

In the case of Castleknock, mostcivil parishesof the barony are under the jurisdiction of Fingal County Council. Some of the eastern parishes are under the jurisdiction of Dublin City Council. The core of the civil parish ofFinglaslies within Dublin City. There are two substantialexclavesof the parish proper that are located in Fingal.

In the case of Coolock, most civil parishes of the barony are in Dublin City. The parishes listed in the table below are located in Fingal.

Name in Irish Name in English Area in Acres
Baile Dúill Baldoyle.[4 2] 450
Baile Ghrífín Balgriffin.[4 3] 540
Binn Éadair Howth.[4 4] 1772
Cionn Sáile Kinsaley.[4 5] 1339
Clochrán Cloghran.[4 6] 994
Mullach Íde Malahide.[4 7] 606
Port Mearnóg Portmarnock.[4 8] 1020
Sord Swords.[4 9] 5
Teampall Mhaighréide St. Margaret's[4 10] 1140

In the case of Newcastle, most of the barony is situated south of the River Liffey and so is under the jurisdiction ofSouth Dublin County Council.Sixtownlandsare located north of the Liffey in the civil parish ofLeixlip.Listed in the table below, they are part of Fingal.

Name in Irish Name in English Area in Acres
Coill Alain Allenswood[4 11] 210
– Coldblow[4 12] 279
Láithreach Con Laraghcon[4 13] 295
– Pass-If-You-Can[4 14] 88
Páirc San Caitríona Saint Catherine's Park[4 15] 195
Baile an Bhaspailigh Westmanstown[4 16] 437

History[edit]

Terminology and etymology[edit]

The name "Fingal" derives from the medieval territory ofFine Gall(tribe or territory of foreigners), the Viking settlement north of Dublin.[5]TheVikingsreferred to the hinterland of Dublin asDyflinarskiri.[6]

In Ireland, the usage of the wordcountynearly always comes before rather than after the county name; thus "CountyClare"in Ireland as opposed to"ClareCounty"inMichigan,US. In the case of those counties created after 1994, they often drop the wordcountyentirely, or use it after the name; internet search engines show many more uses (on Irish sites) of "Fingal" than of either "County Fingal" or "Fingal County". The local authority uses all three forms.[7]

Fingallianis anextinct language,a hybrid ofOldandMiddle EnglishandOld Norse,withLeinster Irishinfluences. It was spoken by the people of Fingal until the mid-19th century.

Fingal is within the part of the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly, established in 2015, one of three such regional assemblies in the state. Within that, it is part of the Dublin strategic planning area.[8][9]

Early Gaelic history[edit]

In the 2nd century AD,Ptolemyidentified Eblana (Dublin) as the capital of a people called theEblani.In later centuries the territory north of the river Liffey[citation needed]was known asMide or Midhe,i.e. "the Kingdom of Meath" (that to the south was known asCoigh CuolanorCualan). The west of this area was known asTeffia,and the east as Bregia (Latinised from Gaelic Magh Breagh, "the great plain of Meath" ). Bregia comprised five Gaelic triocha-cheds (equivalent to cantreds) or the laterbaronies,and was ruled by the king atTara.[10]These princes, and variousGaelicchieftains, held sway over the area until the coming of the Vikings in the 8th century.

Vikings and Hiberno-Norse[edit]

By 841 AD aScandinaviansettlement had been established at Dublin; this was abandoned in 902, re-established in 917, and developed thereafter. It was so established by the 11th century that it was regarded even amongst the surrounding native Gaelic population as a minor kingdom[11]ruled byHiberno-Norsekings. The NorseKingdom of Dublinstretched, at its greatest, fromDroghedatoArklow,and while mostly a thin strip of coastal land, from theIrish Seawestwards as far asLeixlipin the central part.

After theBattle of Clontarf,when High KingBrian Borucurtailed the power of the Vikings in Ireland, the Norse-Irish Kingdom of Dublin continued, with its own bishop, part of the Westminster hierarchy rather than the Irish, though it gradually came under the influence of the Kings of Leinster.Diarmait Mac Murchadaestablished himself there before his expulsion by the High King in 1166, a series of events that led to the area being invaded in the late 12th century, by theCambro-Normans.This was to form part of the heartland of the area known asThe Paleduring the successive periods of rule byAnglo-Normanand the later kings of England.

After the Anglo-Norman invasion[edit]

Early Anglo-Norman grants[edit]

With the arrival of the Anglo/Cambro-Normans in 1169,[12]the territory of the old GaelicKingdom of Meathwas promised in around 1172 toHugh de Lacyby KingHenry II of England.At that time, Meath extended to most of the current county of Fingal (including as far asClontarf,Santry and thebaronyofCastleknock),County Westmeathand part of County Kildare. Fingal was therefore implicitly included in the grant of "Meath" either as part of Meath proper or under the additional element of that grant[13][14]"and for increase to the gift, all fees which he has or shall acquire about Dublin". This element of the grant related to his role asBailiff[15]and was copied into theGormanstonRegister.[16]

Strongbowwas probably also assigned some fees within the royaldemesneof Dublin,[17]as in the case of Hugh de Lacy's custodianship of Dublin, in payment of his services. This appears evidenced by several grants which he made in his own name within the city toSt. Mary's Abbey,and his foundation of a hospital ofSt. John of JerusalematKilmainham.Therefore, both Strongbow and Hugh de Lacy exercised lordships within the royal demesne of Dublin.

In addition to Dublin city, the royal demesne itself also consisted of the royal manors ofCrumlin,Esker,Newcastle,andSaggart,in the south-west of the county, and the royal demesnes of O Thee (O'Teig), O Brun (O'Broin), and O Kelly (O'Ceallaigh) in the south-east of the county, which were rented from the Crown by Irish-speaking tenants.[18]Over half of the land in the county of Dublin was granted to religious houses and priories, as well as archbishops and monasteries, and minor lay lords. In such a way too, an estate was given to the Irish chieftain MacGillamocholmog, who held sway over the territory of Cualann (Wicklow) when the Anglo-Normans arrived.[19]

De Lacy parcelled out most of this land to his vassals, who were to hold these lands from him, as he had held theLordship of Meathfrom King Henry, by military tenure. D'Alton also provides a reference to the enumeration of these grants given in Hibernica, by Harris (pp. 42–43). Hugh de Lacy was appointedViceroyin 1178, and again in 1181 after a brief period of royal disfavour.

By virtue of his grant of Meath, Hugh de Lacy was appointed a Palatine Count in that territory[20]and divided it amongst his various vassals who were commonly called "De Lacy's Barons". These were: Hugh[21]Tyrell, Baron of Castleknock;Jocelyn de Angulo,Baron of NavanandArdbraccan;De Misset, Baron of Lune;Adam de Feypo,Baron Skryne;[22]Fitz-Thomas, Baron ofKells;Hussey, Baron of Galtrim; Richard de Fleming,Baron Slane;Adam Dullard or Dollard, of Dullenvarty; Gilbert de Nugent,Baron Delvinand laterEarl of Westmeath;Risteárd de Tiúit,Baron of Moyashell; Robert de Lacy's descendants, Barons ofRathwire;De Constantine, Baron of Kilbixey[23]Petit, Baron ofMullingar;Meyler FitzHenry of Maghernan, Rathkenin, and Ardnocker. As Burke points out, to some of these there descended the De Genevilles, Lords of Meath; Mortimer,Earl of March(and later Lord of Trim, from De Geneville); the Plunkets, of Danish descent,Baron of Dunsanyand ofKilleen,and laterEarl of LouthandEarl of Fingall(by letters patent); the Prestons,Viscounts GormanstonandViscount Tara,the Barnewalls,Baron TrimlestownandViscount Barnewall;the Nettervilles, Barons ofDowth;the Bellews, Barons ofDuleek;the Darcys of Platten, Barons of Navan; the Cusacks, Barons of Culmullin; the FitzEustaces,Baron Portlester.Some of these again were succeeded by the De Baths of Athcarn, the Dowdalls of Athlumny, the Cruises, the Drakes of Drake Rath, and others.[24]

John of England[edit]

In 1184, Prince John, the Lord of Ireland and Earl of Mortain[25]gave half the tithes of Fingal to the episcopal see of Dublin, which grant was confirmed in 1337 by King Edward, and in 1395 by KingRichard IIwhen in Dublin.[26]

John featured prominently in the tales ofRobin Hoodduring the reign ofRichard I of England,absent on theThird Crusade.In 1189, on the breaking up of Robin Hood's company, Robin Hood's companionLittle John,is said to have exhibited his feats of archery on Oxmanstown Green in Dublin, until having been detected in a robbery, he was hanged onArbour Hillnearby.[27]Another Robin Hood–type, known as McIerlagh Gedy, is recorded as a notorious felon responsible for many thefts and incendiary acts in Meath, Leinster, and Fingal, and was taken prisoner, brought toTrim Castleand hanged.[28]

Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath,son of Hugh,[29]gained seisin of the Lordship of Meath by charter in 1194 during Richard I's exercise of theLordship of Ireland,having previously been a minor when his father Hugh de Lacy died in 1186.[30]Walter succeeded to all Hugh's lordships, including of Fingal, which by a grant of King John in 1208 was subsequently confirmed in perpetuity under the same terms as the palatine Lordship of Meath, and no longer limited by the original conditions linked to service as bailiff of Dublin.

Feudal administration[edit]

Prescriptive Barony, 1208[edit]

In 1208 theLordship of Fingalwas granted toWalter de Lacyby KingJohn of England.[31]

The first known administrative provision related to the original name was a palatine grant of the ParamountLordshipof Fingal,confirmed by letters patent from King John.[32]Thisfeudal baronyorPrescriptive baronywas granted to Walter de Lacy and his heirs in perpetuity in 1208. The grant was based on Hugh de Lacy, Walter's father, having held the same on a basis of grandserjeantyfor his services as bailiff to the King.[33]The grant describes the scope of administrative responsibility, and the limits of powers delegated. The gist of the grant is recounted as follows:

Grant and confirmation to Walter de Lascy, on his petition, of his land of Meath; to hold of the King in fee by the service of 50 knights; and of his fees of Fingal, in the vale of Dublin; to hold in fee by the service of 7 knights; saving to the King pleas of the Crown, appeals of the peace, & c., and crociae, and the dignities thereto belonging; the King's writs to run throughout Walter's land. Further grant to Walter of the custody of his fees, although the lords thereof hold elsewhere in capite; saving to the King the marriages of the heirs of those fees.[34]

County Dublin[edit]

In the 1208 grant, the bulk of Fingal, considered to be "in the vale of Dublin",was part of the County Dublin, when the latter was established as one of the first twelve counties created by King John during his visit to Ireland in 1210.[35]Its history forms part of that of County Dublin for the following eight centuries.

Other derivative or related grants and titles[edit]

As mentioned above, by the time John granted Fingal as part of his inheritance to Walter, Walter's father Hugh had already sub-infeudated parts thereof to his vassals (e.g. the Castleknock barony, granted by Hugh de Lacy to Hugh Tyrell, etc.). Therefore, Fingal was already a superior lordship (or paramount barony) when originally granted, consisting of lesser baronies (and their several manors), even though some of these may have been granted by Hugh in his capacities as Bailiff or as Viceroy, and later confirmed as held of the Crownin capite,and in perpetuity. The Lordship of Fingal was, therefore, a paramount superiority over several sub-infeudated smaller baronies (such asCastleknock,Santry,Balrothery),[36]and thus eventually accrued vicecomital attributes.

In addition, several other baronies existed as feudal holdings or were created within the geographical territory of Fingal (such as Finglas;[37]Swerdes Swords;[38]Santry, Feltrim[39]), and in other parts of Dublin: Howth[40]and Senkylle (Shankillin southern Dublin).[38]

A later, related, development was the granting of the firstviscountcyin Ireland in 1478 to a Preston, Lord Gormanston, the Premier Viscount of Ireland, who at the time was a major landowner in the Fingal area, and a direct descendant of Walter de Lacy.[41]That viscountcy was called after Gormanston as the latter was the principal seat andManorof the Prestons at the time, having been acquired upon their relinquishment of occupancy of the Manor of Fyngallestoun.[42]The Viscounts Gormanston continued to retain the Lordship of the latter under reversion.,[43]and the prescriptive barony of Fingal was also retained by theViscount Gormanstonas anincorporeal hereditamentin gross,until passed to the latePatrick Denis O'Donnell,[44]and thence to his son, gazetted in England as Lord O'Donnell of Fingal.[45]

Medieval taxation, and the Pale[edit]

Geographically, Fingal became a core area of the Pale, and that part of Ireland was most intensively settled by the Normans and in due course the English. Records during the period 1285–92, of rolls of receipts for taxes to the King, indicate Fingal as a distinct area, listed along with the baronies or lordships of Duleek, Kells, and Loxuedy, as well as Valley (Liffey), and sometimes under, sometimes separate from Dublin.[46]Later records of rolls of receipts e.g. "granted to the King in Ireland of the term of Trinity a.r.21 (1293)"for the period 1293–1301[47]also include references to Fingal listed as a lordship, again along with the baronies of Duleek and Kells, and Dublin City, and Valley, all listed under Dublin County. Several other references also exist in the chancery records of the 14th century.[48]

Abolition of feudal system[edit]

The feudal system was finally completely abolished by the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009.[49]The Act abolished feudal tenure, but preserved estates in land, including customary rights and incorporeal hereditaments.

Earldom of Fingall[edit]

A title in thepeerage of IrelandofEarl of Fingallwas created in 1628 byCharles I,and granted toLuke Plunkett, 1st Earl of Fingall,Baron Killeen, whose first wife,Elizabeth PlunkettnéeFitzGerald, thus became Lady Killeen[50][51]The Plunketts also intermarried with the Prestons, Viscounts Gormanston. The Fingall Estate Papers, acquired by the Fingal County Archives, do not however relate to any properties in Fingal, but rather to lands in Meath. That Fingall title became extinct upon the death of the 12th and last Earl in 1984, along with a peerage barony of the same name, not to be confused with the titular prescriptive barony of Fingal previously mentioned.

Modern county[edit]

In 1985, County Dublin was divided into three electoral counties: Dublin–Belgard to the southwest, Dublin–Fingal to the north, and Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown to the southeast.[52][53]At the1991 local election,the area of Dublin–Fingal was renamed as Fingal.[54]

On 1 January 1994, under theLocal Government (Dublin) Act 1993,the old County Dublin ceased to exist and was succeeded by three counties:[55][56][57][58]

Under theLocal Government Act 2001,Fingal is determined and listed as a county.[59]The Placenames Committee maintains thePlacenames Database of Ireland,which records all placenames, past and present.[60]The former county of Dublin is listed in the database along with the subdivisions of that county; Fingal, with its subdivisions, is also listed.[61][62]

Governance and politics[edit]

Fingal County Councilis thelocal authorityfor the county, established on 1 January 1994 by the same law that created the county.[63]It succeeded the functions ofDublin County Councilin the former electoral county of Fingal, which was abolished by theLocal Government (Dublin) Act 1993.It is one of four councils in the traditionalCounty Dublin.TheCounty Hallis inSwords,with another major office in Blanchardstown. The county administration is headed by a Chief Executive, leading a team of functional heads and directors of services.[64]Thecounty councilis governed by theLocal Government Act 2001.The council has 40 elected members who are elected bysingle transferable votein elections held every 5 years.

Fingal County Council sends three representatives to theEastern and Midland Regional Assembly.[9]

For elections toDáil Éireann,the followingDáil constituenciesare wholly contained within the county:Dublin Fingal(5 seats);Dublin West(4 seats). Parts of the following constituencies are also contained in the county: Malahide and Howth inDublin Bay North(5 seats); and small parts ofMulhuddartinDublin North-West(3 seats).[65]

Economy[edit]

Sign toDublin Airport

Fingal is Ireland's primaryhorticulturalregion, producing 50% of the national vegetable output and 75% of all glasshouse crops grown in the country.[citation needed]However, the areas of production are coming under severe pressure from other development and the rural towns are increasingly becoming dormitories for the city. Howth Harbour is the biggest fishing harbour on the east coast and the fifth largest in the country.[66]

Aer Lingushead office

Dublin Airportis located within the county,[67]along with the headquarters ofAer LingusandRyanair.[68][69]TheDublin Airport Authorityhas its head office on the grounds of the airport.[70]In addition Swords has the headquarters ofASL Airlines,[71][72]CityJet,[73]andIngersoll Rand.[74]

In 2006 Fingal County Council was lauded by prominent Irish construction industry figures, politicians and EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs for becoming the first local authority in Ireland to introduce mandatory sustainable building requirements.[75][76]The policy, which relates to all construction in 8 parts of the county—including roughly 13,000 new homes—stipulates that the amount of energy and CO2emissions associated with the heating and hot water of all buildings must be reduced by at least 60% compared to Irish Building Regulations, with at least 30% of the energy used for heating and hot water coming from renewable sources such as solar, geothermal or biomass.[77]

Demographics[edit]

Main immigrant groups, 2016[78]
Nationality Population
United Kingdom 12,196
Poland 10,615
Romania 5,455
Lithuania 3,490
Nigeria 3,115
Latvia 2,751
India 2,574
Philippines 1,937
Moldova 1,425
China 1,102

Education[edit]

TheTechnological University Dublinformerly known as theInstitute of Technology, Blanchardstownis the largest third-level education facility in Fingal.

Sport[edit]

Fingal is home toMorton Stadium,[79]Ireland's national athletics stadium and 2003Special Olympicsvenue.

Between 2007 and 2011 Morton Stadium hosted the home matches of the former soccer teamSporting Fingal F.C.

The county has many GAA teams which are still organised under theCounty Dublin GAAsince the political county changes have not affected the GAA Counties (seeGaelic Athletic Association county). However, a team representingFingal as countyhas competed against GAA counties as a sub-region of the GAA county of Dublin in theKehoe Cup,Division 2B (as of 2014) of theAllianz National Hurling Leagueand (in the past) theNicky Rackard Cup.[80]

References[edit]

From"Irish placenames database".logainm.ie(in English and Irish). Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs.Retrieved20 December2020.

  1. ^"Baronies of County Dublin".Archivedfrom the original on 21 January 2021.Retrieved19 December2020.
  2. ^"Baile Dúill/Baldoyle".logainm.ie.
  3. ^"Balgriffin civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  4. ^"Howth civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  5. ^"Kinsaley civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  6. ^"Cloghran civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  7. ^"Malahide civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  8. ^"Portmarnock civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  9. ^"Swords civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  10. ^"St. Margaret's civil parish".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved20 December2020.
  11. ^"Allenswood | townland".logainm.ie.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved13 December2020.
  12. ^"Coldblow | townland".logainm.ie.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved13 December2020.
  13. ^"Laraghcon | townland".logainm.ie.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved13 December2020.
  14. ^"Pass-If-You-Can | townland".logainm.ie.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2012.Retrieved13 December2020.
  15. ^"Saint Catherine's Park | townland".logainm.ie.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved13 December2020.
  16. ^"Westmanstown | townland".logainm.ie.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2021.Retrieved13 December2020.

From other sources:

  1. ^"Fingal Climate Change Adaptation Plan"(PDF).Fingal County Council.Archived(PDF)from the original on 17 November 2020.Retrieved6 November2020.
  2. ^ab"Census 2022 – F1004A – Population".Central Statistics Office Census 2022 Reports.Central Statistics Office Ireland.August 2023.Retrieved16 September2023.
  3. ^https:// youtube /watch?v=slMjjFnsdIg
  4. ^"County development plan – strategic context"(PDF).Fingal County Council. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 19 November 2007.Retrieved6 September2010.
  5. ^Hickey, Raymond (2005).Dublin English: Evolution and Change.John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 197.ISBN90-272-4895-8.Archivedfrom the original on 20 June 2020.Retrieved24 August2011.
  6. ^Allen & Whelan 1992,p. 89.
  7. ^Fingal County Council websiteArchived25 November 2018 at theWayback Machine,where (apart from references to the Council itself) both "Fingal County" and "County Fingal" appear, but much less frequently than "Fingal" alone.
  8. ^"Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly".Eastern & Midland Regional Assembly.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2016.Retrieved30 September2016.
  9. ^abLocal Government Act 1991 (Regional Assemblies) (Establishment) Order 2014 (S.I. No. 573 of 2014). Signed on 16 December 2014. Statutory Instrument of theGovernment of Ireland.Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 13 March 2022.
  10. ^See Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, by the Four Masters (written 1632–36 by a team of Franciscan scholars, led by Br. Michael O’Clery, hereditary historian to theO'DonnellKings and Princes ofTyrconnell,and based on records surviving from the earliest times; translated by John O’Donovan, ed., 1856, reprinted by De Burca Publishers, Dublin, 1998)
  11. ^Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers, Angevin Kingship, by Marie Therese Flanagan, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1989, ed. 1998, p. 9
  12. ^For an account describing the religious undercurrents of this invasion, described as a "crusade" see "When the Normans came to Ireland" by Maurice Sheehy (former Professor of Palaeography and late Latin at University College, Dublin), published by Mercier Press, 1975 & 1998.
  13. ^History of Ireland by John D'Alton, 1910 (page 258)
  14. ^Note: A royal grant creates a tenant-in-chief, who could then also make a feudal grant by sub-infeudation that would create a lordship or seigneury of the grantor, still held by him in reversion.
  15. ^The original is quoted: "et de incremento illi dono omnia feoda que prebuit vel que prebebit circa Duveliniam dum ballivus meus est ad faciendum mihi servicium apud civitatem meam Duveliniae"
  16. ^Calendar of the Gormanston Register circa 1175–1397, being an extra volume of the Royal Society of the Antiquaries of Ireland, prepared and edited by James Mills, and M. J. McEnery, University Press, Dublin, 1916. See folio 5 of the Register; transliterated on page 6 of the Calendar
  17. ^Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers, Angevin Kingship, by Marie Therese Flanagan, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1989, ed. 1998 (page 294)
  18. ^Dublin, City and County from Prehistory to Present,edited by F. H. A. Allen and Kevin Whelan, Geography Publications, Dublin, 1992, page 91 and elsewhere for details of ancient manors and lordships
  19. ^The Environs of Dublin,by Francis Elrington Ball, M.R.I.A, in volume I of his History of the County of Dublin, (1902)
  20. ^Vicissitudes of Families by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, Longman Green Longman and Roberts, Paternoster Row, London, 1861 (pages 363–364)
  21. ^First names of grantees taken from corroborating text on page 259 of D'Alton's History of Ireland (1910)
  22. ^Skrine is Skreen, or Skryne. The ancient parish from which it stems was called Scrinium Sancti Columbae and was derived from a shrine to St. Columba (ColmCille of theCenel Conaill,proto-O'Donnells), brought over from Britain in 875, and held in a monastery there.Adam de Feypoerected a castle there, and his family founded a friary of eremites of the order of St. Augustine
  23. ^Kilbixey lies today in County Westmeath. A Richard Costentyn also held the manor ofBalrotheryin Fingal in 1343 (see Close Rolls, in Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium, Tresham 1828)
  24. ^These details are given in Burke's Vicissitudes of Families, in the chapter on the O'Melaghlins, Kings of Meath.
  25. ^King Henry II had sought a crown from the papacy for John's use as King of Ireland. The crown was delivered at Christmas, 1185, but never used. After Henry's death, KingRichard I of Englandcreated John Count (Earl) of Mortain in 1189.
  26. ^The History of the County of Dublin,by John D’Alton, Esq., M.R.I.A., Barrister-at-Law, Hodges and Smith, Dublin, 1838
  27. ^D’Alton, op. cit. page 517
  28. ^A tale also told in D’Alton and recorded in the Rotulus Clausus (de anno 46 Edward III, para.22, page 100) in the Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium (Tresham, 1828)
  29. ^Hugh de Lacy was killed in 1186 atDurrow, County Offaly.See Flanagan's "Irish Society, etc." op.cit., for an account of the intermediate period thereafter when his son Walter was still too young to assume his father's mantle, and when Prince John administered grants until such time as King Richard assumed the Lordship of Ireland in 1194
  30. ^Flanagan, op. cit., page 282
  31. ^Hardy 1835, Guildhall Library, Manuscripts Section, Aldermanbury, London. [ cityoflondon.gov.uk Website]
  32. ^John, previously Prince, Lord of Ireland and Earl of Mortain, was crowned King of England in 1199: "Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, Dux Normanniae et Aquitanniae, et Comes Andegaviae, coronatus fuit in festo ascensionis Dominicae, A.D. 1199"
  33. ^Thomas Duffus Hardy (editor),Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati,published in 1837; page 178, volume 1, part 1 (available in the Tower of London with a copy in the Guildhall Library, London, containing the original text of theGrant of Fingalby King John, 1208)
  34. ^See transliteration on page 178 (anno 9–10 Johann – AD 1208) of Vol.1, Part 1, of the Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi asservati – ab anno MCXCIX ad annum MCCXVI (Thoma Duffus Hardy, published in 1837 in the reign of King William IV)
  35. ^A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland,Volume I, by Samuel Lewis, Published by S. Lewis & Co., London, 1837 (page 522)
  36. ^John D’Alton, "History of Ireland", published by the author in Dublin, 1845; Volume I, page 259
  37. ^Finglas once consisted of two parts: a western portion centred on the village of Finglas, and an eastern portion centred onArtane;see SirWilliam Petty's map of County Dublin
  38. ^abSenkylle (p. 162) and Swerdes (p.134), as well as "Fynglas" (p.134 and 162), are mentioned as baronies in the documents relating to the administration of the Earl of Ormond as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1420–1421)
  39. ^O'Fagans were feudal Barons of Feltrim
  40. ^The St. Lawrence family were originally feudal Barons of Howth
  41. ^Charles Kidd and David Williamson (editors), "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 1995", published by Debrett's Peerage Limited, Macmillan, London, 1995 UK:ISBN0-333-41776-3;ISBN0-333-62956-6;US:ISBN0-312-12557-7,pages 534–535
  42. ^James Mills and M. J. McEnery (editors),The Calendar of the Gormanston Register,Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, University Press, Dublin, 1916. The Gormanston Register is a collection of ancient manuscripts going back to the 12th century, belonging to the Viscounts Gormanston, and now lodged in the National Library of Ireland, in Dublin
  43. ^"The Calendar of the Gormanston Register", page 2
  44. ^Charles Mosley (genealogist),Blood Royal – From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II,published forRuvigny Ltd,London, 2002 (O'Donnell listed as Baron of Fyngal, page v)ISBN0-9524229-9-9
  45. ^The Gazette,London, 2019[1]Archived2 September 2021 at theWayback Machine
  46. ^See Calendar of Documents Relating to Ireland, Volume 3, (1879 edition)
  47. ^Calendar, op. cit., volume 4, (1881), paras. 48, 90, 113, 160, 208, 222, 261, 282, 301, 332, 364, 390, 443, 507, 528, 586
  48. ^Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendariumin the National Library of Ireland (reference RR 941, li), pages/paragraphs 100/22, 136/191, 166/250
  49. ^"Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 – Tithe an Oireachtas".Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 9 April 2010.Retrieved7 November2012.
  50. ^FitzGerald, Charles William (Marquis of Kildare and later 4th Duke of Leinster). The Earls of Kildare and their Ancestors: from 1057 to 1773, 4th edition, published by Hodges, Smith & Co., Dublin, 1864 (pp. 235–236). He made the same mistake himself, i.e. that Elizabeth was a daughter rather than a sister of Bridget O'Donnell, 1st Countess of Tyrconnell, in the second edition of 1858 (page 226), but corrected this in his fourth edition in 1864
  51. ^Mary Rose Carty,History of Killeen Castle,by published by Carty / Lynch, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland, April 1991ISBN0-9517382-0-8.This includes a history of the Earls of Fingall – page 18 refers to Lucas Plunkett, the 1stEarl of Fingall,and identifies his first wife as Elizabeth but mistakenly gives her as the daughter of Rory O’Donnell, 1stEarl of Tyrconnell
  52. ^Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985, s. 12: Establishment of Dublin Electoral Counties (No. 7 of 1985, s. 12). Enacted on 3 April 1985. Act of theOireachtas.Archivedfrom the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 9 December 2021.
  53. ^Dublin Electoral Counties Order 1985 (S.I. No. 133 of 1985). Signed on 10 May 1985. Statutory Instrument of theGovernment of Ireland.Archivedfrom the original on 11 November 2010. Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 13 December 2021.
  54. ^Local Government Act 1991, s. 26: Amendment of Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985 (No. 11 of 1991, s. 26). Enacted on 18 May 1991. Act of theOireachtas.Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 9 December 2021.
  55. ^Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993 Establishment Day Order 1993 (S.I. No. 401 of 1993). Signed on 22 December 1993. Statutory Instrument of theGovernment of Ireland.Archivedfrom the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 13 December 2021.
  56. ^Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993(No. 31 of 1993), "Section 2:"the county", in relation to any time before the establishment day, means the administrative county of Dublin
    Section 9(1)On the establishment day—... (a) the county shall cease to exist.".Enacted on 21 December 1993. Act of theOireachtas.Archivedfrom the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 19 December 2021.
  57. ^Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993,s. 9: Establishment and boundaries of administrative counties (No. 31 of 1993, s. 9), "On the establishment day— (a) the county shall cease to exist, (b) the borough shall cease to exist, (c) the electoral counties shall cease to exist, and (d) the united district of the burial board shall cease to exist.". Act of theOireachtas.Archivedfrom the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 1 October 2021.
  58. ^Bolton, Jason (2008).Discovering Historic Fingal: A Guide to the Study of Monuments, Historic Buildings and Landscapes.p. 6.
  59. ^Local Government Reform Act 2014,s. 12: Local government areas (No. 1 of 2014, s. 12). Enacted on 27 January 2014. Act of theOireachtas.Retrieved fromIrish Statute Book.
  60. ^[2]– Logainm.ie, "The Placenames Committee". Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  61. ^Placenames (Provinces and Counties) Order 2003 (S.I. No. 519 of 2003). Signed on 30 October 2003. Statutory Instrument of theGovernment of Ireland.Archivedfrom the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 14 January 2022.
  62. ^"Fine Gall/Fingall".Logainm.Government of Ireland.Retrieved14 January2022.
  63. ^Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993,s. 11: Establishment of councils of administrative counties (No. 31 of 1993, s. 11), "(1) On the establishment day a council shall stand established in each of the administrative counties established by section 9 and each such council shall consist of a cathaoirleach and councillors". Enacted on 21 December 1993. Act of theOireachtas.Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 8 January 2022.
  64. ^"Staff Directory".Fingal County Council.Retrieved9 January2022.
  65. ^Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2017,Schedule (No. 39 of 2017, Schedule). Enacted on 23 December 2017. Act of theOireachtas.Retrieved fromIrish Statute Bookon 8 August 2021.
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Bibliography[edit]

  • Fingal and its Churches – A Historical Sketch,by Robert Walsh, M. A., Dublin and London, 1888.
  • Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati,edited by Thomas Duffus Hardy, published in 1837. (Available in the Tower of London and in the Guildhall Library, London, it contains the original text of the Grant of Fingal by King John in 1208).
  • The Calendar of the Gormanston Register,Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, edited by James Mills and M.J. McEnery, University Press, Dublin, 1916. The Gormanston Register is a collection of ancient manuscripts going back to the 12th century, belonging to the Viscounts Gormanston, and now lodged in the National Library of Ireland, in Dublin.
  • History of Killeen Castle,by Mary Rose Carty, published by Carty / Lynch, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland, April 1991 (ISBN0-9517382-0-8). This includes a history of the Earls of Fingall – page 18 refers to Lucas Plunkett, the 1stEarl of Fingall,whose first wife is given as ElizabethO'Donnell of Tyrconnell,but she was, in fact, a Fitzgerald, sister ofBridget FitzGerald
  • Blood Royal – From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II,byCharles Mosley (genealogist),published forRuvigny Ltd,London, 2002 (O'Donnell listed as Baron of Fyngal, page v)ISBN0-9524229-9-9
  • History of the County of Dublin,byFrancis Elrington Ball,Dublin, 1902.
  • History of the County of Dublin,byJohn D'Alton,Hodges and Smith, Dublin, 1838.
  • Allen, F. H. A.; Whelan, Kevin, eds. (1992).Dublin City and County – From Prehistory to Present.Dublin: Geography Publications. p. 89.ISBN0-906602-19-X.
  • Seventy Years Young, Memoirs of Elizabeth, Countess of Fingall,by Elizabeth Burke Plunkett, Lady Fingall. First published by Collins of London in 1937; 1991 edition published by The Lilliput Press, Dublin 7, IrelandISBN0-946640-74-2.This Elizabeth was a Burke from Moycullen in County Galway, who married the 11th Earl of Fingall, and should not be confused withElizabeth O'Donnell, 1st Countess of Fingal.
  • The Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin,byCharles Haliday,edited byJohn P. Prendergast,published by Alex. Thom & Co., Printers and Publishers, Dublin, 1881.
  • Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 1995,edited by Charles Kidd and David Williamson, published by Debrett's Peerage Limited, Macmillan, London, 1995 UK:ISBN0-333-41776-3;ISBN0-333-62956-6;US:ISBN0-312-12557-7

External links[edit]

53°27′35″N6°13′05″W/ 53.4597°N 6.2181°W/53.4597; -6.2181

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