Jump to content

Flashdance

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the 1983 film. For other uses, seeFlashdance (disambiguation).

Flashdance
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAdrian Lyne
Screenplay by
Story byTom Hedley
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyDonald Peterman
Edited by
Music byGiorgio Moroder
Production
company
Distributed byParamount Pictures
Release date
  • April 15, 1983(1983-04-15)(United States)
Running time
97 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$7 million
Box office$201.5 million[2]

Flashdanceis a 1983 Americanromantic dramadance filmdirected byAdrian Lyneand starringJennifer Bealsas a passionate young dancer, Alex Owens, who aspires to become a professionalballerina,alongsideMichael Nouri,who plays her boyfriend and the owner of thesteel millwhere she works by day inPittsburgh.It was the first collaboration of producersDon SimpsonandJerry Bruckheimer,and the presentation of some sequences in the style ofmusic videoswas an influence on other 1980s films includingFootloose,Purple Rain,andTop Gun,Simpson and Bruckheimer's most famous production. It was also one of Lyne's first major film releases, building ontelevision commercials.[3]Alex's elaborate dance sequences were shot usingbody doubles(Beals's main double was the uncredited French actressMarine Jahan,while abreakdancemove was doubled by the male dancerCrazy Legs).[4]

The film opened to negative reviews by professionalcritics,includingRoger Ebert,who panned it as "great sound and flashdance, signifying nothing" (and eventually placed it on his "most hated" list).[5]It was a surprise box-office success, becoming the third-highest-grossing film of 1983 in the United States.[6]Its worldwide box-office gross exceeded $200 million.[2]Thesoundtrack,compiled byGiorgio Moroder,spawned several hit songs, including "Maniac"(performed byMichael Sembello), and theAcademy Award–winning "Flashdance... What a Feeling",which was written for the film by Moroder, with lyrics byKeith Forseyand the singerIrene Cara.Flashdanceis also often remembered for itsfilm posterfeaturing Beals sporting asweatshirtwith a large neck hole (according to the actress, her look in the scene came about by accident after she simply cut a large hole at the top of one that had shrunk in the wash).

Plot[edit]

Jennifer BealsandMichael Nouristar inFlashdance

Alex Owens is an eighteen-year-oldwelderat asteel millinPittsburgh,who lives with her dog, Grunt, in a converted warehouse. She aspires to become a professional dancer, but has no formal dance training and works as a nightly cabaret performer at Mawby's, a neighborhood bar and grill.

Lacking family, Alex bonds with her coworkers at Mawby's, some of whom also aspire to greater artistic achievements. Jeanie, a waitress, is training to be afigure skater,while her boyfriend, short-order cook Richie, hopes to become astand-up comic.

One night, Alex catches the eye of customer Nick Hurley, the owner of the steel mill where she works. After learning that Alex is one of his employees, Nick pursues her on the job, though Alex turns down his advances. Alex is also approached by Johnny C., who wants her to dance at his nearbystrip club,Zanzibar.

After seeking counsel from her mentor, retiredballerinaHanna Long, Alex attempts to apply to the Pittsburgh Conservatory of Dance and Repertory. She becomes intimidated by the scope of the application process, which includes listing all prior dance experience and education, so she leaves without applying. Leaving Mawby's one evening, Richie and Alex are assaulted by Johnny C. and his bodyguard, Cecil. Nick intervenes, and after following Alex home, the two begin a relationship.

In a skating competition, Jeanie falls twice during her performance and sits defeated on the ice before being helped away. Discouraged by her failure and the departure of Richie, who has decided to try his luck in Los Angeles, Jeanie begins dating Johnny C. and working as one of his strippers at Zanzibar. After finding out about Jeanie's situation from Jake, the owner of Mawby's, Alex finds her and drags her out of Zanzibar. Jeanie is angry, but she soon realizes her mistake.

After seeing Nick with a woman at the ballet one night, Alex throws a rock through a window of his house, only to discover that it was hisex-wife,whom he was meeting for a charity function. Alex and Nick reconcile, and she gains the courage to apply to the Conservatory. Nick uses his connections with the arts council to get Alex an audition. Upon discovering this, Alex is furious with Nick because she did not get the opportunity based on merit, and she decides not to go through with the audition. Seeing the results of others' failed dreams and after the sudden death of Hanna, Alex becomes despondent about her future, but finally decides to go through with the audition.

At the audition, Alex falters, but begins again and successfully completes a dance number composed of moves that she has studied and practiced, includingbreakdancingwhich she has seen on the streets of Pittsburgh. The board responds favorably, and Alex joyously emerges from the Conservatory to find Nick and Grunt waiting for her with a bouquet of roses.

Cast[edit]

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

In April 1980,Thomas Hedleysold the film idea for development to Casablanca, a Los Angeles production company, for $300,000 and 5% of the net, as reported inThe Globe and Mail.Hedley based the concept on the lives of exotic dancers he had met while editor ofToronto Lifemagazine such as Gina Healey and Maureen Marder. Marder and Healey were paid $2,500 each for their life stories.[7][8]

Hedley's script was eventually sold toPeter GuberandJon PetersforPolyGram Pictures,who took the script with them toParamount Pictures.However, the latter studio had less confidence in the film and placed it into turnaround for two years. Development of the film resumed whenDon Simpson,who believed the film could be successful, resigned from his executive post at Paramount Pictures to co-produce the film withJerry Bruckheimerin their first collaboration. They got Paramount to greenlight the film by hiringJoe Eszterhasto rewrite Hedley's script.[7]

Adrian Lynewas not the first choice asdirectorofFlashdance.David Cronenberghad turned down an offer to direct the film, as hadBrian De Palma,who instead chose to directScarface(1983). At the time, Lyne's background was primarily in directingtelevision commercials,such as his 1970s UK commercials forBrutus Jeans(which may conceivably be seen as anticipating the visuals and style ofFlashdance).[3]Lyne agreed to direct because he wanted to establish enough confidence from studios in his directorial skills to get his next film9½ Weeks(1986) approved.[9]Executives at Paramount were unsure about the film's potential and sold 25% of the rights prior to its release.

Casting[edit]

Three candidates,Jennifer Beals,Demi Moore,andLeslie Wing,were the finalists for the role of Alex Owens. Two different stories exist regarding how Beals was chosen. One states that then-Paramount presidentMichael Eisnerasked women secretaries at the studio to select their favorite after viewing screen tests. The other: the film's scriptwriterJoe Eszterhasclaims that Eisner asked "two hundred of the most macho men on the [Paramount] lot, Teamsters and gaffers and grips... 'I want to know which of these three young women you'd most want to fuck.'"[10][11][12]

The role of Nick Hurley was originally offered toKissfounding memberGene Simmons,[13]who turned it down because it would conflict with his "demon" image.Kevin Costner,a struggling actor at the time, came very close for the role of Nick Hurley, which went toMichael Nouri.[13]

Crew[edit]

Flashdancewas the first success of a number of filmmakers who became successful in the 1980s and beyond. The film was the first collaboration betweenDon SimpsonandJerry Bruckheimer,who went on to produceBeverly Hills Cop(1984) andTop Gun(1986). Eszterhas received his second screen credit forFlashdance,while Lyne went on to direct9½ Weeks(1986),Fatal Attraction(1987),Indecent Proposal(1993), andLolita(1997).Lynda Obst,who developed the original story outline, went on to produceAdventures in Babysitting(1987),The Fisher King(1991), andSleepless in Seattle(1993).

Filming[edit]

The film was shot between October 18, 1982 and December 30, 1982 inPittsburghandLos Angeles.

The dimly litcinematographyandmontage-styleeditingare due in part to the fact that most of Jennifer Beals' dancing in the film was performed by abody double.[14]Her main dance double is the French actressMarine Jahan,[15][16][17][18]while thebreakdancingthat Alex performs in the audition sequence at the end of the film was doubled by the male dancerCrazy Legs.[19]The shot of Alex diving through the air in slow motion during the audition sequence was performed bySharon Shapiro,who was a professionalgymnast.[19]The producers of the film stated they had made no secret of having used a double for Beals, and that Jahan's name did not appear because Paramount Pictures shortened the closing credits.[14]Marine Jahan was told that her involvement was hidden because "they didn't want to break the magic of the film".[20][21]

Flashdanceis often remembered for thesweatshirtwith a large neck hole that Beals wore on the poster advertising the film. Beals said that the look of the sweatshirt came about by accident when it shrank in the wash and she cut out a large hole at the top so that she could wear it again.[22]

Locations[edit]

Much of the film was shot in locations aroundPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.[7]The opening sequence of scenes with Alex riding her bicycle starts in theFineviewneighborhood.[23]The last scene of the sequence shows Alex riding east over theSmithfield Street Bridge,which is a continuity error. Alex's apartment was located in theSouth Sideneighborhood.[23]When Alex goes to visit Hanna, she is seen riding one of theDuquesne Inclinecable cars.[24]Hanna's apartment is located at 2100 Sidney Street at the southeast corner of South 21st Street.[24]

The fictional Pittsburgh Conservatory of Dance and Repertory was filmed inside the lobby and in front of Carnegie Music Hall, a part of theCarnegie Museum of Art,located near the campuses ofCarnegie Mellon Universityand theUniversity of Pittsburghin theOaklandneighborhood of Pittsburgh.[23]

The interior of Alex's apartment was filmed in Los Angeles at what was the Feit Electric Building onLos Angeles Street.[24]Additionally, the set for Mawby's was located in downtown Los Angeles.[7]The ice skating rink scene on which Jeanie falls was filmed at Culver Ice Rink inCulver City, California.[25]

Music[edit]

Main article:Flashdance (soundtrack)

"Flashdance... What a Feeling"was performed byIrene Cara,who also sang the title song for the similar 1980 filmFame.The music for "Flashdance... What a Feeling" was composed byGiorgio Moroder,and the lyrics were written by Cara andKeith Forsey.The song won anAcademy Award for Best Original Song,as well as aGolden Globeand numerous other awards. It also reached number one on theBillboardHot 100in May 1983. Despite the song's title, the word 'Flashdance' itself is not heard in the lyrics. The song is used in the opening title sequence of the film, and is the music Alex uses in her dance audition routine at the end of the film.

Irene Cara - "Flashdance... What a Feeling"
listen to a clip from the song.
Problems playing this file? Seemedia help.
Michael Sembello - "Maniac"
listen to a clip from the track.
Problems playing this file? Seemedia help.

Another song used in the film, "Maniac",was also nominated for an Academy Award. It was written byMichael Sembelloand Dennis Matkosky. A popularurban legendholds that the song was originally written for the 1980horror filmManiac,and that lyrics about a killer on the loose were rewritten so the song could be used inFlashdance.The legend is discredited in the special features of the film'sDVDrelease, which reveal that the song was written for the film, although only two complete lyrics ( "Just a steel town girl on a Saturday night" and "She's a maniac" ) were available when filming commenced. Like the title song, it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1983.[26][27]

Other songs in the film include "Lady, Lady, Lady", performed byJoe Esposito,"Gloria"and" Imagination "performed byLaura Branigan,and "I'll Be Here Where the Heart Is", performed byKim Carnes.

Thesoundtrack albumofFlashdancesold 700,000 copies during its first two weeks on sale and has gone on to sell over six million copies in the U.S. alone. In 1984, the album won theGrammy AwardforBest Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special.

Release[edit]

Flashdancewas released in the United States on April 15, 1983.[7]On April 14, 1983, the night before the general release of the film, a special benefit premiere ofFlashdancewas shown at the Warner Theater in Pittsburgh. It was the last film at the theater. Several months later it was torn down to make way for TheWarner Centre,a retail and office complex. [28]

Home media[edit]

Flashdancehas been issued originally onVHSandLaserdiscwith a Paramount PicturesDVDrelease on October 8, 2002 and a Special Collector's Edition DVD in 2010.[29][30] It was first released onBlu-rayDisc on August 13, 2013 byWarner Bros.with seven special features including a 15-minute featurette, "The History ofFlashdance",a 9-minute featurette," The Look ofFlashdance","Flashdance:The Choreography "and a teaser andtheatrical trailers.[31] The film was re-released on Blu-ray in the U.S. on May 19, 2020 by Paramount Presents with a new 4K remaster and packaging. It includes a new Filmmakers Focus interview with the director but excludes a few special features from the previous Blu-ray release.[32]

Reception[edit]

Critical response[edit]

OnRotten Tomatoesthe film has an approval rating of 37% based on 49 reviews, with an average rating of 4.80/10. The site's consensus is: "All style and very little substance,Flashdanceboasts eye-catching dance sequences—and benefits from an appealing performance fromJennifer Beals—but its narrative is flat-footed ".[33]OnMetacriticthe film has a score of 39% based on reviews from 11 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[34]

Roger Ebertplaced it on his list ofMost Hatedfilms,[5]and in giving the film 1.5 out of 4 stars in his review, stated: "Jennifer Beals shouldn't feel bad. She is a natural talent, she is fresh and engaging here, and only needs to find an agent with a natural talent for turning down scripts".[35]In his review for theChicago Sun-Times,Ebert said "If Flashdance had spent just a little more effort getting to know the heroine of its story, and a little less time trying to rip offSaturday Night Fever,it might have been a much better film. "[35]Varietycompared the film to a series of music videos, "Watching Flashdance is pretty much like looking at MTV for 96 minutes. Virtually plotless, exceedingly thin on characterization and sociologically laughable, pic at least lives up to its title by offering an anthology of extraordinarily flashy dance numbers."[36]Janet MaslinofThe New York Timeswrote: "With a score by Giorgio Moroder, and with ingenious costumes that are utterly au courant, Flashdance contains such dynamic dance scenes that it's a pity there's a story here to bog them down."[37]

In a 1984 essay for the journalJump Cut,critic Kathryn Kalinak questioned the characterization of Alex: "How could an 18 year-old woman land a skilled labor job as a welder in the unionized steel industry of an economically depressed union town?... Not only are any other women missing in the factory, so are employees, male or female, under 30."[38]

Accolades[edit]

Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
Academy Awards Best Cinematography Donald Peterman Nominated [39]
Best Film Editing Bud S. SmithandWalt Mulconery Nominated
Best Original Song "Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music byGiorgio Moroder;
Lyrics byKeith ForseyandIrene Cara 		Won
"Maniac"
Music and Lyrics byMichael Sembelloand Dennis Matkosky 		Nominated
American Cinema Editors Awards Best Edited Feature Film Bud S. Smith and Walt Mulconery Nominated
Blue Ribbon Awards Best Foreign Film Adrian Lyne Won
British Academy Film Awards Best Editing Bud S. Smith and Walt Mulconery Won [40]
Best Score for a Film Giorgio Moroder Nominated
Best Original Song Written for a Film "Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music by Giorgio Moroder;
Lyrics by Keith Forsey and Irene Cara 		Nominated
Best Sound Don Digirolamo,Robert Glass,Robert Knudson,andJames E. Webb Nominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Nominated [41]
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Jennifer Beals Nominated
Best Original Score – Motion Picture Giorgio Moroder Won
Best Original Song – Motion Picture "Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music by Giorgio Moroder;
Lyrics by Keith Forsey and Irene Cara 		Won
"Maniac"
Music and Lyrics by Michael Sembello and Dennis Matkosky 		Nominated
Golden Raspberry Awards Worst Screenplay Screenplay byTom HedleyandJoe Eszterhas;
Story by Tom Hedley 		Nominated [42]
Grammy Awards Album of the Year Flashdance: Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture
Various Artists and Giorgio Moroder 		Nominated [43]
Record of the Year "Flashdance... What a Feeling" – Irene Cara and Giorgio Moroder Nominated
"Maniac" –Phil Ramoneand Michael Sembello Nominated
Song of the Year "Maniac" – Dennis Matkosky and Michael Sembello Nominated
Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male "Maniac" – Michael Sembello Nominated
Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female "Flashdance... What a Feeling" – Irene Cara Won
Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Love Theme fromFlashdance"–Helen St. John Nominated
Best Instrumental Composition "Love Theme fromFlashdance"– Giorgio Moroder Won
Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special Flashdance: Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture
Michael Boddicker,Irene Cara,Kim Carnes,Doug Cotler,
Keith Forsey, Richard Gilbert,Jerry Hey,Duane Hitchings,
Craig Krampf,Ronald Magness, Dennis Matkosky, Giorgio Moroder,
Phil Ramone, Michael Sembello, andShandi Sinnamon 		Won
Hochi Film Awards Best International Picture Adrian Lyne Won
Japan Academy Prize Outstanding Foreign Language Film Nominated
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture Jennifer Beals Won
National Music Publishers' Association Best Song in a Movie Irene Cara Won
People's Choice Awards Favorite Theme/Song from a Motion Picture "Flashdance... What a Feeling" Won
Satellite Awards Best DVD Extras Nominated [44]

The film is recognized byAmerican Film Institutein these lists:

Legacy[edit]

There were discussions about a sequel, but the film was never made. Beals turned down an offer to appear in a sequel, saying: "I've never been drawn to something by virtue of how rich or famous it will make me. I turned down so much money, and my agents were just losing their minds."[46]

In March 2001, aBroadwaymusical version was proposed with new songs byGiorgio Moroder,but failed to materialize.[47]In July 2008, a stage musical adaptationFlashdance The Musicalpremiered at theTheatre RoyalinPlymouth,England.Thebookis co-written byTom Hedley,who created the story outline for the original film, and thechoreographyis byArlene Phillips.[48]

In October 2020, Paramount announced plans to reboot the film as a TV series for itsParamount+(formerly known as CBS All Access) streaming service.[49]

Jennifer Beals' performance started her reputation as alesbian icon.[50]

Connection to MTV[edit]

Flashdanceis not amusicalin the traditional sense as none of the characters sing or dance, although the Alex character is portrayed as an amateur dancer, but rather the songs are presented in the style of self-containedmusic videos.Its success has been attributed in part to the 1981 launch of thecablechannelMTV(Music Television) since it was the first feature film to exploit the new popularity of music videos effectively.[51]By excerpting segments of the film and running them as music videos on MTV, the studio benefited from extensive free promotion, establishing the new medium as an important marketing tool for films.[52]In the mid-1980s, it became almost obligatory to release a music video to promote a major motion picture—even if the film was not especially suited for one.[53]

Legal action[edit]

Suit against the filmmakers[edit]

Flashdancewas inspired by the real-life story of Maureen Marder, a construction worker/welder by day and dancer by night atGimlets,aTorontostrip club.[8]Like Alex Owens in the film, she aspired to enroll in a prestigious dance school.Tom Hedleywrote the original story outline forFlashdance,and on December 6, 1982, Marder signed a release document givingParamount Picturesthe right to portray her life story on screen, for which she was given a one-off payment of $2,300.Flashdanceis estimated to have grossed more than $200 million worldwide. In June 2006, theU.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth CircuitinSan Franciscoaffirmed a lower court's ruling that Marder gave up her rights to the film when she signed the release document in 1982. The panel of three judges stated in its ruling: "Though in hindsight the agreement appears to be unfair to Marder—she only received $2,300 in exchange for a release of all claims relating to a movie that grossed over $150 million—there is simply no evidence that her consent was obtained byfraud,deception,misrepresentation,duressorundue influence."The court also noted that Marder'sattorneyhad been present when she signed the document.[54]

Suit against Jennifer Lopez and filmmakers over music video[edit]

In 2003, following the use of dance routines from the film byJennifer Lopezin her music video "I'm Glad"(directed byDavid LaChapelle), Marder sued Lopez,Sony Corporation(the makers of the music video), and Paramount in an attempt to gain acopyrightinterest in the film. Although Lopez argued that her video for "I'm Glad" was intended as a tribute toFlashdance,Sony settled a copyright infringement lawsuit out of court for the use of dance routines and other story material from the film in the video.[55][56]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Flashdance(15) ".British Board of Film Classification.April 27, 1983.Archivedfrom the original on July 9, 2015.RetrievedJuly 8,2015.
  2. ^ab"Box Office Information forFlashdance".The Numbers.RetrievedSeptember 15,2018.
  3. ^abDelaney, Sam (August 23, 2007)."The British admen who saved Hollywood".The Guardian.RetrievedMay 29,2019.
  4. ^DeFrantz, Thomas F (2014)."Hip-Hop in Hollywood: Encounter, Community, Resistance".In Melissa Blanco Borelli (ed.).The Oxford Handbook of Dance and the Popular Screen.Oxford University Press. p. 117.ISBN978-0-19-989783-4.
  5. ^abEbert, Roger(August 11, 2005)."Roger Ebert'sMost Hatedlist ".Rogerebert.suntimes.Archived fromthe originalon June 28, 2009.RetrievedJanuary 11,2023.
  6. ^"1983 Yearly Box Office Results".Box Office Mojo.Archivedfrom the original on January 16, 2013.RetrievedMay 2,2018.
  7. ^abcde"Flashdance (1983)".American Film Institute.RetrievedAugust 8,2020.
  8. ^abRoberts, Soraya (August 14, 2014)."The Secret History Of" Flashdance "".BuzzFeed.RetrievedOctober 4,2021.Based on the terms of his deal with Casablanca, Hedley came out $8 million richer. The Zabols, however, received neither credit nor payment nor were their slides ever returned. Meanwhile, Gina Healey and Maureen Marder were paid $2,300 each for signing away their life stories to Paramount and agreeing never to talk about their involvement...And this time, Gina Healey, Maureen Marder, and the Zabols are refusing to keep quiet about its backstory, despite the risk of litigation.
  9. ^"Nine 1/2 Weeks".AFI Catalog.RetrievedApril 30,2023.
  10. ^Curtis, Bryan (February 3, 2004)."The Condensed Joe Eszterhas".Slate Magazine.
  11. ^Thomas, Mike (January 20, 2011)."Jennifer Beals returns to Chicago with new cop drama".Chicago Sun-Times.Archived fromthe originalon July 23, 2012.RetrievedMay 4,2012.
  12. ^Eszterhas, Joe(May 5, 2010).Hollywood Animal.Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.pp. 170–171.ISBN9780307530875.RetrievedAugust 22,2020– via Google Books.
  13. ^abMcKairnes, Jim (April 12, 2018)."What a feeling! Break out the legwarmers, because 'Flashdance' turns 35".USA Today.RetrievedJune 16,2023.
  14. ^ab"Dancer not getting credit for work in" Flashdance "".Lakeland Ledger.April 22, 1983.
  15. ^Fuhrer, Margaret (February 27, 2018)."Our Favorite Movie Dance Doubles of All Time".Dance Spirit.RetrievedOctober 4,2021.
  16. ^"Making Flashdance look flashy".Eye For Film.RetrievedOctober 4,2021.
  17. ^"Hoofers Hidden in the Shadows Dream of the Limelight".People.April 2, 1984. Archived fromthe originalon September 12, 2010.
  18. ^Bierly, Mandi (September 28, 2007)."Maniac on the Floor".Entertainment Weekly.No. 956. Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2007.
  19. ^ab"'Flashdance,' 30 Years Later: B-Boy Recalls Girling Up for Final Scene ".Yahoo! News.April 15, 2013.RetrievedOctober 4,2021.
  20. ^Murphy, Eileen (March 27, 2011)."Revenge of the Body Doubles: 'Black Swan' Snub".ABC News.RetrievedOctober 4,2021.
  21. ^Pollard, Tom (June 1, 2018)."Flashdance (1983)".Popular Pittsburgh.Archived fromthe originalon October 4, 2021.RetrievedOctober 4,2021.It seems that she didn't get credit for her work because the studio didn't have to. It was either never required in the contract she signed
  22. ^Salem, Rob (February 16, 2011)."Jennifer Beals: From ripped sweats to dress blues".Toronto Star.Archivedfrom the original on February 20, 2011.RetrievedFebruary 27,2011.
  23. ^abc"This Week in Pittsburgh History: Flashdance Opens in Theaters".Pittsburgh Magazine.April 12, 2021.RetrievedJune 16,2023.
  24. ^abc"Flashdance".movie-locations.RetrievedJune 16,2023.
  25. ^"Flashdance".itsfilmedthere.RetrievedJune 16,2023.
  26. ^"Maniac by Michael Sembello Songfacts".Songfacts.RetrievedJune 28,2017.
  27. ^"Billboard Charts Archive - 1983".Billboard.Archived fromthe originalon September 16, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 9,2015.
  28. ^Crowley, Patrick."Warner Theater".CinemaTreasures.org.RetrievedMarch 8,2023.
  29. ^"Flashdance DVD".Blu-ray.October 8, 2002.RetrievedAugust 8,2020.
  30. ^"Flashdance Special Collector's Edition DVD".Blu-ray.October 8, 2010.RetrievedAugust 3,2020.
  31. ^"Flashdance Blu-ray".Blu-ray.August 13, 2013.RetrievedAugust 8,2020.
  32. ^"Flashdance Blu-ray".Blu-ray.May 19, 2020.RetrievedAugust 8,2020.
  33. ^"Flashdance".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango Media.Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2013.RetrievedAugust 17,2023.
  34. ^"Flashdance".Metacritic.RetrievedOctober 20,2020.
  35. ^abEbert, Roger(April 19, 1983)."Flashdance".Chicago Sun-Times.
  36. ^"Flashdance".Variety.January 1, 1983.
  37. ^Maslin, Janet(April 15, 1983)."Pittsburgh and Dance".The New York Times.
  38. ^Kalinak, Kathryn (February 1984)."Flashdance: The dead end kid".Jump Cut(29): 3–5.
  39. ^"The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners".Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.Archivedfrom the original on November 11, 2014.RetrievedOctober 9,2011.
  40. ^"BAFTA Awards: Film in 1984".British Academy Film Awards.RetrievedJune 3,2021.
  41. ^"Flashdance".Golden Globe Awards.RetrievedJune 3,2021.
  42. ^"4th Golden Raspberry Awards".Golden Raspberry Awards.Archived fromthe originalon October 28, 2006.
  43. ^"26th Annual GRAMMY Awards".Grammy Awards.RetrievedMarch 23,2024.
  44. ^"International Press Academy website – 2007 12th Annual SATELLITE Awards".International Press Academy.December 16, 2007. Archived fromthe originalon January 15, 2008.RetrievedFebruary 1,2008.
  45. ^"AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs".American Film Institute.2005.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 13, 2011.RetrievedJune 16,2023.
  46. ^"Beals Turned Down Flashdance Sequel".contactmusic.August 18, 2003.Archivedfrom the original on October 18, 2011.
  47. ^Hofler, Robert (March 22, 2001)."What a feeling: 'Flashdance' fever".Variety.RetrievedJune 16,2023.
  48. ^Atkins, Tom (February 8, 2008)."Flashdance Debuts in Plymouth, Sweeney Shouts".WhatsOnStage. Archived fromthe originalon October 19, 2008.
  49. ^Goldberg, Lesley (October 21, 2020)."'Flashdance' TV Reboot in the Works at Paramount+ (Exclusive) ".The Hollywood Reporter.RetrievedNovember 13,2020.
  50. ^White, Adam (January 29, 2020)."Jennifer Beals: 'You can never have enough stories about the queer community'".The Independent.
  51. ^Calavita, Marco (2007). ""MTV Aesthetics" at the Movies: Interrogating a Film Criticism Fallacy ".Journal of Film and Video.59(3): 15–31.doi:10.2307/20688566.ISSN0742-4671.JSTOR20688566.S2CID59499664.
  52. ^Harmetz, Aljean (June 4, 1983)."'Invisible Marketing' Helps 'Flashdance' Sell ".The New York Times.
  53. ^Litwak, Mark (1986).Reel Power: The Struggle for Influence and Success in the New Hollywood.Morrow. p. 245.ISBN978-1879505193.RetrievedJune 16,2023.
  54. ^Herel, Suzanne (June 13, 2006)."SAN FRANCISCO / Inspiration for 'Flashdance' loses appeal for more money".San Francisco Chronicle.
  55. ^Zacharek, Stephanie(May 11, 2003)."TELEVISION/RADIO;Meet Jenny From the Steel Mill ".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on May 27, 2015.
  56. ^Susman, Gary (April 14, 2013)."Jennifer Lopez's" I'm Glad "video".Time.Time Inc.RetrievedNovember 11,2023.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flashdance&oldid=1232346207"